Introduction

The Chthonioidea have traditionally been considered to comprise one or two families, but Harvey (1992) added another, elevating the Lechytiini to full family level. He also included the Devonian family Dracochelidae (Schawaller, Shear & Bonamo 1991), the oldest known pseudoscorpion.

The Australian chthonioid fauna includes described species in Chthoniidae and Tridenchthoniidae, and a single undescribed species of Lechytia (Lechytiidae), recorded from eastern Queensland (Harvey, unpublished data).

Diagnosis

The Chthonioidea differ from all other pseudoscorpions by the presence of trichobothria ib and isb on the dorsum of the chelal hand, a straight median maxillary lyrifissure, a lateral apodeme frame in the female genitalia, and an anterior protuberance on coxa I.

General References

Harvey, M.S. 1992. The phylogeny and classification of the Pseudoscorpionida (Chelicerata: Arachnida). Invertebrate Taxonomy 6: 1373-1435

Schawaller, W., Shear, W.A. & Bonamo, P.M. 1991. The first Paleozoic pseudoscorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpionida). American Museum Novitates 3009: 1-24

History of changes

Introduction

Members of this family are small to medium-sized pseudoscorpions, usually confined to leaf litter and soil. They are abundant in most areas of the world, and 31 genera and over 520 species are currently recognised (Harvey 1991). The family is currently divided into two subfamilies, Chthoniinae and Pseudotyrannochthoniinae, both of which are represented in the Australian fauna. Harvey (1992) was unable to confirm the monophyly of the Chthoniidae and further work is needed on this large, diverse family.

Harvey & Moulds (2006) revised Australian Austrochthonius.

Diagnosis

The Chthoniidae differ from the two other chthonioid families, Tridenchthoniidae and Lechytiidae, by the presence of transverse spiracles, a weakly sclerotised female lateral apodeme frame, and a carapace which bears less than 35 setae.

General References

Harvey, M.S. 1991. Catalogue of the Pseudoscorpionida. Manchester : Manchester University Press.

Harvey, M.S. 1992. The phylogeny and classification of the Pseudoscorpionida (Chelicerata: Arachnida). Invertebrate Taxonomy 6: 1373-1435

Harvey, M.S. & Mould, L.G. 2006. A new troglomorphic species of Austrochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from Australia, with remarks on Chthonius caecus. Records of the Western Australian Museum 23: 205-211

History of changes

Introduction

The Chthoniinae are found in most regions of the world, and include 24 genera and over 450 species (Harvey 1991). The Australian fauna consists of one introduced species, numerous species of Tyrannochthonius, and several representatives of three other genera.

Diagnosis

The Chthoniinae differ from the Pseudotyrannochthoniinae in the position of trichobothria ib and isb which are situated basally or medially on the chelal hand.

General References

Harvey, M.S. 1991. Catalogue of the Pseudoscorpionida. Manchester : Manchester University Press.

History of changes

• Austrochthonius Chamberlin, J.C. 1929. A synoptic classification of the false scorpions or chela-spinners, with a report on a cosmopolitan collection of the same. Part II. The Diplosphyronida (Arachnida-Chelonethida). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5: 1-48, 585-620 [68].

  Type species:

   Chthonius chilensis Chamberlin, 1923 by original designation.
• Paraustrochthonius Beier, M. 1931. Zur Kenntnis der Chthoniiden (Pseudoskorpione). Zoologischer Anzeiger 93: 49-56 [52].

  Type species:

   Paraustrochthonius tullgreni Beier, 1931 by original designation.
• Cecoditha Mello-Leitão, C. 1939. Pseudoscorpionidos de Argentina. Notas del Museo de La Plata, Buenos Aires (Zoologia) 4: 115-122 [115].

  Type species:

   Cecoditha parva Mello-Leitão, 1939 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Beier, M. 1976. The pseudoscorpions of New Zealand, Norfolk and Lord Howe. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 3: 199-246 [203] (synonymy of Paraustrochthonius with Austrochthonius)
• Judson, M.L.I. 2001. Synonymy of Cecoditha (Cecodithinae) with Austrochthonius (Chthoniinae) (Chelonethi, Chthoniidae). Journal of Arachnology 29: 141-145 [142] (synonymy of Cecoditha with Austrochthonius)
• Harvey, M.S. & Mould, L.G. 2006. A new troglomorphic species of Austrochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from Australia, with remarks on Chthonius caecus. Records of the Western Australian Museum 23: 205-211 (review of taxa)

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP) ; ACT, NSW, Qld, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Flinders (FLI), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL) ; WA: Carnarvon (CAR), Gascoyne (GAS), Murchison (MUR), Pilbara (PIL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Australian Capital Territory
  • New South Wales: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Queensland: NE coastal
  • South Australia: SE coastal
  • Tasmania
  • Victoria: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Western Australia: NW coastal, SW coastal

Neotropical Region

Distribution References

History of changes

• Austrochthonius australis Hoff, C.C. 1951. New species and records of chthoniid pseudoscorpions. American Museum Novitates 1483: 1-13 [5].

  Type data:

   Holotype AMNH ♀ (on slide), Mt Slide, Victoria, Australia.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Flinders (FLI), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Australian Capital Territory
  • New South Wales: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Queensland: NE coastal
  • Tasmania
  • Victoria: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Western Australia: SW coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Litter, predator, terrestrial.

General References

Beier, M. 1966. On the Pseudoscorpionidea of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 14: 275-303 (distribution)

Beier, M. 1969. Neue Pseudoskorpione aus Australien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 73: 171-187 [Date published November 1969] (distribution)

Beier, M. 1975. Neue Pseudoskorpione aus Australien und Neu-Guinea. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 78: 203-213 [title page bears the date December 1974] [203] (distribution)

Dartnall, A.J. 1970. Some Tasmanian chthoniid pseudoscorpions. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 104: 65-68 [65] (distribution)

Kennedy, C.M.A. 1990. Redescription of Austrochthonius australis Hoff (Chthoniidae: Pseudoscorpionida). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 111: 233-240 [233] (redescription, distribution)

History of changes

• Austrochthonius cavicola Beier, M. 1968. Some cave-dwelling Pseudoscorpionidea from Australia and New Caledonia. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 15: 757-765 [757].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA N196828 ♂ (in alcohol), Cathedral Cave, Naracoorte, South Australia, Australia.

Distribution

States

South Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

SA: Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • South Australia: SE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Austrochthonius easti Harvey, M.S. 1991. The cavernicolous pseudoscorpions (Chelicerata: Pseudoscorpionida) of Cape Range, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 15: 487-502 [488].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM 91/272 ♂ (on slide), Dry Swallett Cave, C-18, Cape Range, Western Australia, Australia.
  Paratype(s) WAM 91/273 1 tritonymph (on slide), Loop Cave, C-222, Cape Range, Western Australia, Australia; WAM 91/274 1 deutonymph (on slide), Trionomo Cave, C-103, Cape Range, Western Australia, Australia.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IBRA

WA: Carnarvon (CAR), Gascoyne (GAS), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Murchison (MUR), Pilbara (PIL), Yalgoo (YAL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Western Australia: NW coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Austrochthonius muchmorei Harvey, M.S. & Mould, L.G. 2006. A new troglomorphic species of Austrochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from Australia, with remarks on Chthonius caecus. Records of the Western Australian Museum 23: 205-211 [209] [nom. nov. for Sathrochthonius tullgreni Chamberlin, 1962].
• Chthonius caecus Tullgren, A. 1909. Chelonethi. pp. 411-415 in Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (eds). Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Jena : G. Fischer Vol. 2. [414] [junior homonym of Chthonius coecus Packard, 1884; the male holotype has been lost, see Weidner, H. 1959. Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. I. Teil. Pararthropoda und Chelicerata I. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 57: 89–142 and the original description is insufficient to recognise the species or the genus to which it belongs].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMH ♂ (lost), Brunswick Junction, Western Australia.

  Secondary source:

   Weidner, H. 1959. Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. I. Teil. Pararthropoda und Chelicerata I. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 57: 89-142.
• Sathrochthonius tullgreni Chamberlin, J.C. 1962. New and little-known false scorpions, principally from caves, belonging to the families Chthoniidae and Neobisiidae (Arachnida, Chelonethida). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 123: 303-352 [306] [nom. nov. for Chthonius caecus Tullgren, 1909].

  Type data:

   Holotype.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IBRA

WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mallee (MAL), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Western Australia: SW coastal

General References

Harvey, M.S. & Mould, L.G. 2006. A new troglomorphic species of Austrochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from Australia, with remarks on Chthonius caecus. Records of the Western Australian Museum 23: 205-211 [209] (taxonomic placement revised)

History of changes

• Austrochthonius strigosus Harvey, M.S. & Mould, L.G. 2006. A new troglomorphic species of Austrochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from Australia, with remarks on Chthonius caecus. Records of the Western Australian Museum 23: 205-211 [206].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM T65550 ♂ (from bore hole), WA, Ludlow, region (Site LDMB2) [33°35'21''S 115°29'26''E].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IBRA

WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mallee (MAL), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Western Australia: SW coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Troglomorphic.

History of changes

• Ephippiochthonius Beier, M. 1930. Neue Höhlen-Pseudoscorpione der Gattung Chthonius. Environmental Entomology 6: 323-327 [323] [first introduced as a subgenus of Chthonius C.L. Koch, 1843. Raised to genus level by Zaragoza (2017).].

  Type species:

   Scorpio tetrachelatus Preyssler, 1790 by subsequent designation, see Hoff, C.C. 1949. The pseudoscorpions of Illinois. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey 24: 407-498 [433].

  Secondary source:

   Zaragoza, J.A. 2017. Revision of the Ephippiochthonius complex in the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and Macaronesia, with proposed changes to the status of the Chthonius subgenera (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 4246: 1-221 [32].

Distribution

States

Victoria

IBRA

Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Flinders (FLI), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Victoria: SE coastal

Nearctic Region

Palaearctic Region

Distribution References

History of changes

• Scorpio tetrachelatus Preyssler, J.D. 1790. Verzeichniss Böhmischer Insekten. Prague. [56].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown, Bohemia, Czech Republic.
• Chthonius maculatus Menge, A. 1855. Ueber die Scheerenspinnen, Chernetidae. Neueste Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig 5(2): 1-43 [23].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown unknown number of specimens, Bischofsberge, Germany.
• Chthonius longipalpis Banks, N. 1891. Notes on North American Chernetidae. The Canadian Entomologist 23: 161-166 [164].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MCZ unknown number of specimens, Long Island, New York, United States of America; MCZ unknown number of specimens, Ithaca, New York, United States of America; MCZ unknown number of specimens, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.

Generic Combinations

• Chthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler, 1790).

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Introduced from probably Europe***.

IBRA

Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Flinders (FLI), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Victoria: SE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Litter, predator, terrestrial.

General References

Harvey, M.S. 1987. The occurrence in Australia of Chthonius tetrachelatus (Preyssler) (Pseudoscorpionida:Chthoniidae). Australian Entomological Magazine 13: 68-70 [68] (first Australian record)

History of changes

• Lagynochthonius Beier, M. 1951. Die Pseudoscorpione Indochinas. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] ns 1: 47-123 [61] [originally described as a subgenus of Tyrannochthonius Chamberlin, 1929].

  Type species:

   Chthonius johni Redikorzev, 1922 by original designation.

Introduction

An unnamed species "sp. ‘Mesa K’" described by Edward and Harvey (2008) from 1 tritonymph from Mesa K, ~11 km SSW of Pannawonica, borehole MEK1689.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

IBRA

NT, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Dampierland (DL), Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mallee (MAL), Northern Kimberley (NK), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL) ; Qld: Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII) ; WA: Murchison (MUR), Pilbara (PIL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Northern Territory: N coastal
  • Queensland: N Gulf
  • Western Australia: N coastal, SW coastal

Neotropical Region

Oriental Region

Distribution References

General References

Edward, K.L. & Harvey, M.S. 2008. Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 259–293 [288]

History of changes

• Lagynochthonius asema Edward, K.L. & Harvey, M.S. 2008. Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 259–293 [280].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM T81477 ♀, Western Australia: Mesa A, near Pannawonica, borehole MEARC4306P6T1–2 [21°40'06''S, 115°53'38''E].
  Paratype(s) WAM T66318 1♀, WesternAustralia: Mesa A, ~45 km W of Pannawonica borehole MEARC4047 [21°39'13''S, 115°53'54''E].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

WA: Pilbara (PIL)

History of changes

• Tyrannochthonius (Lagynochthonius) australicus Beier, M. 1966. On the Pseudoscorpionidea of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 14: 275-303 [284].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM KS5853 tritonymph, Denmark, Western Australia.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Western Australia

IBRA

NT, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Dampierland (DL), Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mallee (MAL), Northern Kimberley (NK), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Northern Territory: N coastal
  • Western Australia: N coastal, SW coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Litter, predator, tall forest, terrestrial.

General References

Beier, M. 1975. Neue Pseudoskorpione aus Australien und Neu-Guinea. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 78: 203-213 [title page bears the date December 1974] [203] (distribution)

History of changes

• Lagynochthonius leemouldi Edward, K.L. & Harvey, M.S. 2008. Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 259–293 [284].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM T67690 ♀, Western Australia: Yarrie Station, ~32.2 km ENE of Homestead, borehole YP006 [20°36'34''S, 120°19'25''E].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

WA: Pilbara (PIL)

History of changes

• Lagynochthonius mordor Harvey, M.S. 1989. Two new cavernicolous chthoniids from Australia, with notes on the generic placement of the south-western Pacific species attributed to the genera Paraliochthonius Beier and Morikawia Chamberlin (Pseudoscorpionida: Chthoniidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 8: 21-29 [21].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM S6094 ♂ (on slide), Tier Cave, North Mordor Tower, Mt Mulgrave Station, Cape York, Queensland, Australia.
  Paratype(s) QM S6095 1♀ (on slide), Tier Cave, North Mordor Tower, Mt Mulgrave Station, Cape York, Queensland, Australia.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

Qld: Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: N Gulf

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Lagynochthonius polydentatus Edward, K.L. & Harvey, M.S. 2008. Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 259–293 [285].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM T78667 ♀, Western Australia: Sturt Meadows Station, borehole L3.1 [28°42′30″S, 120°53′28″E].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

WA: Murchison (MUR)

History of changes

• Paraliochthonius Beier, M. 1956. Ein neuer Blothrus (Pseudoscorp.) aus Sardinien, und ueber zwei Pseudoscorpione des West Mediterranean litorals. Fragmenta Entomologica 2: 55-63 [58].
• Morikawia Chamberlin, J.C. 1962. New and little-known false scorpions, principally from caves, belonging to the families Chthoniidae and Neobisiidae (Arachnida, Chelonethida). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 123: 303-352 [311].

  Type species:

   Chthonius johnstoni Chamberlin, 1923 by original designation.
• Stygiochthonius Carabajal Márquez, Garcia Carrillo & Rodríguez Fernández, 2001.

  Type species:

   Stygiochthonius barrancoi Carabajal Márquez, Garcia Carrillo & Rodríguez, 2001 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Muchmore, W.B. 1972. The pseudoscorpion genus Paraliochthonius (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpionida, Chthoniidae). Entomological News 83: 248-256 [250] (for Morikawia Chamberlin)
• Judson, M.L.I. 2007. A new and endangered species of the pseudoscorpion genus Lagynochthonius from a cave in Vietnam, with notes on chelal morphology and the composition of the Tyrannochthoniini (Arachnida, Chelonethi, Chthoniidae). Zootaxa 1627: 53–68 [58] (for Stygiochthonius Carabajal Márquez, Garcia Carrillo & Rodríguez Fernández)

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Western Australia

IBRA

NT, WA: Darwin Coastal (DAC), Northern Kimberley (NK)

History of changes

• Paraliochthonius darwini Harvey, M.S. 2009. The first Australasian species of the halophilic pseudoscorpion genus Paraliochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 25: 329–344 [335].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM T66747 ♂, WA, Berthier Island [14°31’14.0”S, 124°59’08.8”E].
  Paratype(s) WAM T85182, T85183, T85186 3♂ 2♀, collected with holotype; NTM 1♂ 4♀, NT, Plater Beach, west side of Darwin Harbour [12°29.25’S, 130°46.55’E]; NTM T85184, T85185 1♂, 3♀, 1 tritonymph, NT, Doctors Gully, Darwin [12°27’35”S, 130°49’57”E]; MNHP 1♂ 1♀, NT, Doctors Gully, Darwin [12°27’35”S, 130°49’57”E]; MHNG 1♂ 1♀, NT, Doctors Gully, Darwin [12°27’35”S, 130°49’57”E].

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NT, WA: Darwin Coastal (DAC), Northern Kimberley (NK)

History of changes

• Sathrochthonius Chamberlin, J.C. 1962. New and little-known false scorpions, principally from caves, belonging to the families Chthoniidae and Neobisiidae (Arachnida, Chelonethida). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 123: 303-352 [303].

  Type species:

   Sathrochthonius tuena Chamberlin, 1962 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

IBRA

NSW: Australian Alps (AA), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ) ; NSW, Qld: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN) ; WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mallee (MAL), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Lord Howe Island
  • New South Wales: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Queensland: Murray-Darling basin
  • Western Australia: SW coastal

Neotropical Region

Distribution References

History of changes

• Sathrochthonius crassidens Beier, M. 1966. On the Pseudoscorpionidea of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 14: 275-303 [280].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM KS5851 ♂, Edith, New South Wales.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

NSW: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), South Eastern Highlands (SEH)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: Murray-Darling basin

Ecological Descriptors

Litter, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Sathrochthonius insulanus Beier, M. 1976. The pseudoscorpions of New Zealand, Norfolk and Lord Howe. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 3: 199-246 [202].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM KS22 ♂ (in alcohol), Station 45, Lord Howe Island, Australia.
  Paratype(s) AM KS12742 1♀ (allotype) (in alcohol), Station 45, Lord Howe Island, Australia; NHMW 1♀ (in alcohol), Station 45, Lord Howe Island, Australia.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Lord Howe Island

Ecological Descriptors

Litter, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Sathrochthonius tuena Chamberlin, J.C. 1962. New and little-known false scorpions, principally from caves, belonging to the families Chthoniidae and Neobisiidae (Arachnida, Chelonethida). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 123: 303-352 [304].

  Type data:

   Holotype AMNH JC-2014.02001 ♂ (on slide), 'probably in the Blue Mountains near Sydney', New South Wales, Australia.
  Paratype(s) AMNH JC-2014.02002–4 1♂ 2♀ (including allotype) (on slides), 'probably in the Blue Mountains near Sydney', New South Wales, Australia.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

IBRA

NSW: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

General References

Beier, M. 1967. Some Pseudoscorpionidea from Australia, chiefly from caves. The Australian Zoologist 14: 199-205 [199] (distribution)

Beier, M. 1968. Some cave-dwelling Pseudoscorpionidea from Australia and New Caledonia. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 15: 757-765 [757] (distribution)

History of changes

• Sathrochthonius webbi Muchmore, W.B. 1982. A new cavernicolous Sathrochthonius from Australia (Pseudoscorpionida: Chthoniidae). Pacific Insects 24: 156-158 [156].

  Type data:

   Holotype BPBM 12592 ♀ (on slide), Holy Jump Lava Cave, 25 km E of Warwick, Queensland, Australia.
  Paratype(s) SAMA N1972135-1972136 1♀ 1♂ (on slides), Holy Jump Lava Cave, 25 km E of Warwick, Queensland, Australia; BPBM 3 specimens, Holy Jump Lava Cave, 25 km E of Warwick, Queensland, Australia; FSM unknown number of specimens, Holy Jump Lava Cave, 25 km E of Warwick, Queensland, Australia.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: Murray-Darling basin

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Tyrannochthonius Chamberlin, J.C. 1929. A synoptic classification of the false scorpions or chela-spinners, with a report on a cosmopolitan collection of the same. Part I. The Heterosphyronida (Chthoniidae) (Arachnida-Chelonethida). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10 4: 50-80 [74].

  Type species:

   Chthonius terribilis With, 1906 by original designation.
• Pholeochthonius Beier, M. 1976. The pseudoscorpions of New Zealand, Norfolk and Lord Howe. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 3: 199-246 [209] [first introduced as a subgenus of Paraliochthonius Beier, 1956].

  Type species:

   Paraliochthonius (Pholeochthonius) cavernicola Beier, 1976 by monotypy.
• Parachthonius Caporiacco, L. di 1949. Aracnidi della colonia del Kenya raccolti da Toschi e Meneghetti negli anni 1944-1946. Commentationes Pontificiae Academia Scientarum 13: 309-492 [317].

  Type species:

   Parachthonius meneghettii Caporiacco, 1949 by monotypy.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Harvey, M.S. 1989. Two new cavernicolous chthoniids from Australia, with notes on the generic placement of the south-western Pacific species attributed to the genera Paraliochthonius Beier and Morikawia Chamberlin (Pseudoscorpionida: Chthoniidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 8: 21-29 [23]

Introduction

An unnamed species was described by Edward and Harvey (2008) from immatures: "sp. ‘Warramboo’" from Warramboo, 11.8 km SSE of Yarraloola Homestead, borehole MEAD2380.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Worldwide.

IBRA

Murchison (MUR) ; NSW: Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC) ; NSW, Qld: NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ) ; Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Wet Tropics (WT) ; WA: Carnarvon (CAR), Central Kimberley (CK), Dampierland (DL), Gascoyne (GAS), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), Murchison (MUR), Northern Kimberley (NK), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pilbara (PIL), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Yalgoo (YAL)

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Norfolk Island Province (21)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Lord Howe Island
  • New South Wales: SE coastal
  • Norfolk Island
  • Queensland: N Gulf, NE coastal
  • Western Australia: N coastal, NW coastal
• New Zealand

Nearctic Region

Neotropical Region

Oriental Region

Palaearctic Region

Distribution References

General References

Edward, K.L. & Harvey, M.S. 2008. Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 259–293

History of changes

• Tyrannochthonius aridus Edward, K.L. & Harvey, M.S. 2008. Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 259–293 [262].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM T72809 ♂, Western Australia: Barrow Island, outside Cave B6 [20°50′38″S, 115°22′54″E].
  Paratype(s) WAM 2 deutonymphs, 1♂ 3♀, as for holotype and two other sites.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

WA: Little Sandy Desert (LSD), Pilbara (PIL)

History of changes

• Tyrannochthonius basme Edward, K.L. & Harvey, M.S. 2008. Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 259–293 [267].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM T65765 ♂, Mesa B, 40.6 km W of Pannawonica, borehole MEBRC0003 [21°39'45''S, 115°55''53''E].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

WA: Pilbara (PIL)

History of changes

• Tyrannochthonius billhumphreysi Edward, K.L. & Harvey, M.S. 2008. Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 259–293 [270].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM T78665 ♂, Western Australia: Sturt Meadows Station, borehole L3.1 [28°42′30″S, 120°53′28″E].
  Paratype(s) WAM T78666 1 tritonymph, Sturt Meadows Station, Sturt Meadows Station [28°42′02″S, 120°54′06″E].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

WA: Murchison (MUR)

History of changes

• Tyrannochthonius brooksi Harvey, M.S. 1991. The cavernicolous pseudoscorpions (Chelicerata: Pseudoscorpionida) of Cape Range, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 15: 487-502 [493].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM 91/280 ♂ (on slide), Monagee Cave, C-21, Cape Range, Western Australia, Australia.
  Paratype(s) WAM 91/281 1♂ (on slide), Monagee Cave, C-21, Cape Range, Western Australia, Australia; WAM 91/283, 91/285 1♀ 1♂ (on slide, and in alcohol), cave C-107, Cape Range, Western Australia, Australia; WAM 91/282 1♀ (on slide), Breakdown Maze, C-111, Cape Range, Western Australia, Australia.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IBRA

WA: Carnarvon (CAR), Gascoyne (GAS), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Murchison (MUR), Pilbara (PIL), Yalgoo (YAL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Western Australia: NW coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

General References

Edward, K.L. & Harvey, M.S. 2008. Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 259–293 [273] (record from Cape Range)

History of changes

• Tyrannochthonius butleri Harvey, M.S. 1991. The cavernicolous pseudoscorpions (Chelicerata: Pseudoscorpionida) of Cape Range, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 15: 487-502 [490].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM 91/275 ♂, cave C-167, Cape Range, Western Australia, Australia.
  Paratype(s) WAM 91/276 1 deutonymph, cave C-167, Cape Range, Western Australia, Australia; WAM 91/279 1 tritonymph, cave C-167, Cape Range, Western Australia, Australia; WAM 91/277 1♀, cave C-291, Cape Range, Western Australia, Australia; WAM 91/278, 91/1052-1053 1♂ 2♀, Papillon Cave, C-15, Cape Range, Western Australia, Australia.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IBRA

WA: Carnarvon (CAR), Gascoyne (GAS), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Murchison (MUR), Pilbara (PIL), Yalgoo (YAL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Western Australia: NW coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

General References

Edward, K.L. & Harvey, M.S. 2008. Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 259–293 [273] (records from Cape Range, Exmouth region)

History of changes

• Paraliochthonius (Pholeochthonius) cavernicola Beier, M. 1976. The pseudoscorpions of New Zealand, Norfolk and Lord Howe. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 3: 199-246 [209].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM KS21 ♂ (in alcohol), North Bay (Station 3), Lord Howe Is., Australia.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Lord Howe Island

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Morikawia cavicola Beier, M. 1967. Some Pseudoscorpionidea from Australia, chiefly from caves. The Australian Zoologist 14: 199-205 [199].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA N1966165 ♂ (in alcohol), The Grill Cave, Bungonia, New South Wales, Australia.
  Paratype(s) SAMA N1966166 1♀ (allotype) (in alcohol), The Grill Cave, Bungonia, New South Wales, Australia; NHMW 1♂ (in alcohol), The Grill Cave, Bungonia, New South Wales, Australia.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

NSW: NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: SE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Tyrannochthonius garthhumphreysi Edward, K.L. & Harvey, M.S. 2008. Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 259–293 [274].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM T73384 ♂, Western Australia: Barrow Island, 7.1 km NW. of Chevron Texaco Camp, bore BMW5 [20°47′04″S, 115°23′38″E].
  Paratype(s) WAM T73385 ♂, data as for holotype.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

WA: Pilbara (PIL)

Ecological Descriptors

From limestone karst

History of changes

• Paraliochthonius kermadecensis Beier, M. 1976. The pseudoscorpions of New Zealand, Norfolk and Lord Howe. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 3: 199-246 [205].

  Type data:

   Holotype NZAC ♀ (in alcohol), Meyers Island, Kermadec Islands, New Zealand.
  Paratype(s) AM KS12743 1♀ (in alcohol), King Point (Station 3), Lord Howe Island, Australia.

Distribution

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Lord Howe Island

Ecological Descriptors

Predator, terrestrial.

Extra Ecological Information

Found in deserted nest of Turdus merula, on foliage.

History of changes

• Tyrannochthonius (Tyrannochthonius) laevis Beier, M. 1966. On the Pseudoscorpionidea of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 14: 275-303 [283].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM KS5852 ♂, Kimberley Research Station, Western Australia, Australia.
  Paratype(s) AM KS5852 7 specimens, CHECK; NHMW 3 specimens, CHECK.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

WA: Central Kimberley (CK), Dampierland (DL), Northern Kimberley (NK), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Victoria Bonaparte (VB)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Western Australia: N coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Litter, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Paraliochthonius norfolkensis Beier, M. 1976. The pseudoscorpions of New Zealand, Norfolk and Lord Howe. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 3: 199-246 [207].

  Type data:

   Holotype ANIC 9998 ♂ (in alcohol), Mt Pitt, Norfolk Island, Australia.
  Paratype(s) ANIC 2♂ 3♀, 1 tritonymph (in alcohol), Mt Pitt, Norfolk Island, Australia; NZAC unknown number of specimens, Mt Pitt, Norfolk Island, Australia; OMNZ 3♂, Mt Mangamuka, New Zealand; AIM 4♂ 5♀, Bay of Islands, New Zealand; NZAC 2♂ 3♀, 1 nymph, Mt Bates, Norfolk Island, Australia; AIM 7♂ 13♀, Whangarei, North Island, New Zealand; AIM 2♂ 3♀, Butterfly Valley, Tauranga Bay, Whangaroa, New Zealand; AIM 1♂ 1♀, North Headland, Whangaruru, New Zealand; AIM 2♂ 1♀, Waitemata, New Zealand; AIM 1♂ 2♀, Mangamuka Hills and Mt Orowhana, New Zealand; AIM 1♀, Kaingawa area, New Zealand.

Distribution

IMCRA

Norfolk Island Province (21)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Norfolk Island
• New Zealand

Ecological Descriptors

Litter, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Morikawia queenslandica Beier, M. 1969. Neue Pseudoskorpione aus Australien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 73: 171-187 [Date published November 1969] [174].

  Type data:

   
  Paratype(s) NHMW 4♂ 2♀, Tamborine Mtn, Joalah Natl Park (as Jamborine Mt, Toalah National Park), Queensland, Australia; whereabouts unknown 4♂ 3♀, Tamborine Mtn, Joalah Natl Park (as Jamborine Mt, Toalah National Park), Queensland, Australia; QM 1♀ (allotype), Tamborine Mtn, Joalah Natl Park (as Jamborine Mt, Toalah National Park), Queensland, Australia;
  Syntype(s) NHMW unknown number of specimens (in alcohol), Joalah National Park, Queensland, Australia; QM S21341 5♂ 3♀ (in alcohol), Mt Tamborine, Joalah National Park, Queensland, Australia.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Closed forest, litter, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Tyrannochthonius rex Harvey, M.S. 1989. Two new cavernicolous chthoniids from Australia, with notes on the generic placement of the south-western Pacific species attributed to the genera Paraliochthonius Beier and Morikawia Chamberlin (Pseudoscorpionida: Chthoniidae). Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 8: 21-29 [23].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM S6096 ♂, Royal Arch Cave, Chillagoe, Queensland, Australia.
  Paratype(s) QM S6097 2♀, Royal Arch Cave, Chillagoe, Queensland, Australia; BPBM 1♀, Royal Arch Cave, Chillagoe, Queensland, Australia.

Distribution

States

Queensland

IBRA

Qld: Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: N Gulf

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Morikawia semihorrida Beier, M. 1969. Neue Pseudoskorpione aus Australien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 73: 171-187 [Date published November 1969] [176].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM S21340 ♀ (in alcohol), Mt Nebo, Queensland, Australia.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Closed forest, litter, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Tyrannochthonius souchomalus Edward, K.L. & Harvey, M.S. 2008. Short-range endemism in hypogean environments: the pseudoscorpion genera Tyrannochthonius and Lagynochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) in the semiarid zone of Western Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 22: 259–293 [277].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM T57439 ♀, Western Australia: Austin Downs Station, bore PAT 7 [27°24′48″S, 117°42′40″E].

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

Murchison (MUR)

Ecological Descriptors

Collected with haul net

History of changes

Introduction

The Lechytiidae were first raised to family rank by Harvey (1992). The family currently contains only a single genus, which is found virtually world-wide. The only Australian record is of Lechytia libita Harvey,found in eastern Queensland (Harvey 2006).

General References

Harvey, M.S. 1992. The phylogeny and classification of the Pseudoscorpionida (Chelicerata: Arachnida). Invertebrate Taxonomy 6: 1373-1435

Harvey, M.S. 2006. A new species of Lechytia from eastern Australia (Pseudoscorpiones: Lechytiidae. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 23: 13-18

History of changes

• Lechytia Balzan, L. 1892. Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela (Décembre 1887 - Avril 1888). Arachnides. Chernetes (Pseudoscorpiones). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 60: 497-552 [499].

  Type species:

   Roncus chthoniiformis Balzan, 1887 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Queensland

IBRA

Qld: Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Central Ranges (CR), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gibson Desert (GD), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Nullarbor (NUL), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE coastal

Nearctic Region

Neotropical Region

Oriental Region

Palaearctic Region

History of changes

• Lechytia libita Harvey, M.S. 2006. A new species of Lechytia from eastern Australia (Pseudoscorpiones: Lechytiidae. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 23: 13-18 [14].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM S17220 ♂, Windsor Tableland, Qld [16°16'S 145°08'E].
  Paratype(s) QM S67680 ♀, Windsor Tableland, Qld; QM S64848 ♀, Oakview State Forest, summit [26°10'S 152°20'E]; QM S45776 2♀, Peeramon Scrub [17°19'S 145°37'E]; QM S41073 ♂, Mt Fort William, 6 km NE of Kalpower [24°39'S 151°20'E]; WAM T62601 3♀ 3♂, Bauple State Forest [25°52'54''S 152°37'12''E].

Distribution

States

Queensland

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Rainforest, under bark.

History of changes

Introduction

Members of the Tridenchthoniidae are usually confined to leaf litter, especially in rainforests, but a few species have been collected from under bark of trees and under rocks. Fifteen Recent genera are currently recognised, represented by approximately 70 species (Harvey 1991; Judson 2001). Most of these species are restricted to South-east Asia and Africa, but the Australian fauna is relatively depauperate.

Chamberlin & Chamberlin (1945) provided a synopsis of the family and recognised two subfamilies, Tridenchthoniinae and Cecodithinae. The Tridenchthoniinae was further divided into two tribes Tridenchthoniini and Verrucadithini. The Cecodithinae was based upon a single poorly known genus from South America which has recently been transferred to the Chthoniinae as a synonym of the Gondwanan genus Austrochthonius (Judson 2001).

Diagnosis

The Tridenchthoniidae are distinguished from Chthoniidae and Lechytiidae by the obliquely oriented spiracles which are furnished with sclerotic plates, by the strongly sclerotised female lateral apodeme frame, and by the carapace usually bearing 50 or more setae.

General References

Chamberlin, J.C. & Chamberlin, R.V. 1945. The genera and species of the Tridenchthoniidae (Dithidae): a family of the arachnid order Chelonethida. Bulletin of the University of Utah. Biological Series 9: 1-67

Harvey, M.S. 1991. Catalogue of the Pseudoscorpionida. Manchester : Manchester University Press.

Judson, M.L.I. 2001. Synonymy of Cecoditha (Cecodithinae) with Austrochthonius (Chthoniinae) (Chelonethi, Chthoniidae). Journal of Arachnology 29: 141-145

History of changes

Diagnosis

The Tridenchthoniini differ from the Verrucadithini by the presence of contiguous chelal teeth.

History of changes

• Heterolophus Tömösváry, E. 1884. Data ad cognitionem Pseudoscorpionum. Természetrajzi Füzetek 8: 16-27 [24].

  Type species:

   Heterolophus guttiger Tömösváry, 1884 by subsequent designation, see Chamberlin, J.C. 1925. Notes on the status of genera in the chelonethid family Chthoniidae together with a description of a new genus and species from New Zealand. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 81: 333-338.

Distribution

States

Queensland

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE coastal

Neotropical Region

Distribution References

History of changes

• Heterolophus australicus Beier, M. 1969. Neue Pseudoskorpione aus Australien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 73: 171-187 [Date published November 1969] [171].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM S21333 ♀ (in alcohol), Mt Tamborine, Joalah National Park, Queensland, Australia.
  Paratype(s) QM S21334 1 tritonymph (in alcohol), Mt Tamborine, Joalah National Park, Queensland, Australia.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Closed forest, litter, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

Diagnosis

The Verrucadithini differ from the Tridenchthoniini by the presence of separated chelal teeth.

History of changes

• Anaulacodithella Beier, M. 1944. Über Pseudoscorpioniden aus Östafrika. Environmental Entomology 20: 173-212 [175] [originally described as a subgenus of Verrucadithella Beier, 1931].

  Type species:

   Chthonius mordax Tullgren, 1907 by original designation.
• Xenoditha Chamberlin, J.C. & Chamberlin, R.V. 1945. The genera and species of the Tridenchthoniidae (Dithidae): a family of the arachnid order Chelonethida. Bulletin of the University of Utah. Biological Series 9: 1-67 [17].

  Type species:

   Chthonius mordax Tullgren, 1907 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Beier, M. 1947. Zur Kenntnis der Pseudoscorpionidenfauna des südlichen Afrika, insbesondere der südwest- und südafrikanischen trockengebiete. Environmental Entomology 23: 285-339 [287]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

IBRA

NSW, Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Lord Howe Island
  • New South Wales: SE coastal
  • Queensland: NE coastal

Distribution References

History of changes

• Anaulacodithella australica Beier, M. 1969. Neue Pseudoskorpione aus Australien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 73: 171-187 [Date published November 1969] [172].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM ♂ (in alcohol), Lamington National Park, Queensland, Australia.
  Paratype(s) QM S21337 1♂ 1♀, Landsborough, Queensland, Australia; NHMW 8♂ 6♀ (in alcohol), ?????; QM S21336 1♀ (allotype) (in alcohol), Mt Glorious, Queensland, Australia; QM S21338 8 specimens (in alcohol), Mt Clunie, east spur, Queensland, Australia; QM S21339 16 specimens (in alcohol), Mt Tamborine, Joalah National Park, Queensland, Australia.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

IBRA

NSW, Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: SE coastal
  • Queensland: NE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Closed forest, litter, predator, terrestrial.

General References

Beier, M. 1975. Neue Pseudoskorpione aus Australien und Neu-Guinea. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 78: 203-213 [title page bears the date December 1974] [204] (distribution)

History of changes

• Anaulacodithella plurisetosa Beier, M. 1976. The pseudoscorpions of New Zealand, Norfolk and Lord Howe. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 3: 199-246 [200].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM KS17 ♀ (in alcohol), Boat Harbour, Lord Howe Island, Australia.
  Paratype(s) AM KS18 1♀ (in alcohol), Station 37, Lord Howe Island, Australia; NHMW 1♀ (in alcohol), near Goat House, Lord Howe Island, Australia; AM KS19 1♀ (in alcohol), near Goat House, Lord Howe Island, Australia.

Distribution

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Lord Howe Island

Ecological Descriptors

Litter, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Pycnodithella Beier, M. 1947. Zur Kenntnis der Pseudoscorpionidenfauna des südlichen Afrika, insbesondere der südwest- und südafrikanischen trockengebiete. Environmental Entomology 23: 285-339 [287].

  Type species:

   Verrucadithella abyssinica Beier, 1944 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

IBRA

NSW: NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: SE coastal

Distribution References

History of changes

• Pycnodithella harveyi Kennedy, C.M.A. 1989. Pycnodithella harveyi, a new Australian species of the Tridenchthoniidae (Pseudoscorpionida: Arachnida). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 110: 289-296 [291].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM KS17441 ♂, Macquarie University campus, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
  Paratype(s) AM KS17442 6♂, Macquarie University campus, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; AM KS17443 6♀, Macquarie University campus, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; AM KS17444 6 nymphs, Macquarie University campus, North Ryde, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

IBRA

NSW: NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: SE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Litter, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

Introduction

The Pseudotyrannochthoniinae are restricted to a few disparate regions of the world, including southern Australia, southern Africa, Sri Lanka, Japan, Korea, central Asia, Chile and western USA. The subfamily comprises five genera and 42 species (Harvey 1991; Harms 2013). Twenty-two species are currently placed in Pseudotyrannochthonius Beier, the most widespread of the genera. Pseudotyrannochthoniines mostly occur in leaf litter, but a few species are found in caves and show troglobitic features such as loss of eyes and pallid colouration.

Diagnosis

The Pseudotyrannochthoniinae differ from Chthoniinae by the position of trichobothria ib and isb which are situated distally on the chelal hand.

General References

Harms, D. 2013. A new species of Pseudotyrannochthonius Beier (Pseusoscorpiones: Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) from the Warrumbungle Range, New South Wales. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature 58: 23-32 (key to all New South Wales species in the genus)

Harvey, M.S. 1991. Catalogue of the Pseudoscorpionida. Manchester : Manchester University Press.

History of changes

• Pseudotyrannochthonius Beier, M. 1930. Alcuni pseudoscorpioni esotici raccolti dal Prof. F. Silvestri. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Facoltà Agraria in Portici 23: 197-209 [207].

  Type species:

   Chthonius silvestrii Ellingsen, 1905 by original designation.
• Tubbichthonius Hoff, C.C. 1951. New species and records of chthoniid pseudoscorpions. American Museum Novitates 1483: 1-13 [9].

  Type species:

   Tubbichthonius solitarius Hoff, 1951 by original designation.
• Spelaeochthonius Morikawa, K. 1954. On some pseudoscorpions in Japanese lime-grottoes. Memoirs of the Ehime University Natural Sciences Series B 2B 2: 79-87 [83].

  Type species:

   Spelaeochthonius kubotai Morikawa, 1954 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Beier, M. 1966. On the Pseudoscorpionidea of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 14: 275-303 [285]
• Muchmore, W.B. 1967. Pseudotyrannochthoniine pseudoscorpions from the western United States. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 86: 132-139 [134]

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld, Tas, WA: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ) ; ACT, NSW, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Flinders (FLI), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH) ; ACT, NSW, Tas, WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL) ; Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Wet Tropics (WT) ; Vic: Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Australian Capital Territory
  • New South Wales: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Queensland: NE coastal
  • Tasmania
  • Victoria: SE coastal
  • Western Australia: SW coastal

Nearctic Region

Neotropical Region

Oriental Region

Distribution References

General References

Darms, D. & Harvey, M.S. 2013. Review of the cave-dwelling species of Pseudotyrannochthonius from mainland Australia, with description of two troglobitic species. Australian Journal of Entomology 52: 129–143

History of changes

• Pseudotyrannochthonius australiensis Beier, M. 1966. On the Pseudoscorpionidea of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 14: 275-303 [287].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM KS5323 ♀, SE Edith, New South Wales, Australia.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

NSW: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), South Eastern Highlands (SEH)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: Murray-Darling basin

Ecological Descriptors

Litter, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Pseudotyrannochthonius bornemisszai Beier, M. 1966. On the Pseudoscorpionidea of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 14: 275-303 [286].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM KS5854 ♀, Boolarra, 'Laughing Waters', Victoria, Australia.
  Paratype(s) AM deutonymph (lost), Boolarra, 'Laughing Waters', Victoria, Australia.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Flinders (FLI), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Victoria: SE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Litter, predator, tall forest, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Pseudotyrannochthonius eberhardi Darms, D. & Harvey, M.S. 2013. Review of the cave-dwelling species of Pseudotyrannochthonius from mainland Australia, with description of two troglobitic species. Australian Journal of Entomology 52: 129–143 [132].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM KS.118361 ♀, NSW, Rolys Cave (SC-9), Stockyard Creek karst, The Castles Nature Reserve [30.57°S 152.19°E].

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NSW: NSW North Coast (NNC)

History of changes

• Pseudotyrannochthonius giganteus Beier, M. 1971. A new chthoniid pseudoscorpion from Western Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 10: 233-234 [233].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM KS5324 ♀ (in alcohol), Calgadup Cave, near Augusta, Western Australia, Australia.
  Paratype(s) AM KS5324 1♂ (in alcohol), Calgadup Cave, near Augusta, Western Australia, Australia; NHMW 1♂ (in alcohol), Calgadup Cave, near Augusta, Western Australia, Australia.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mallee (MAL), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Western Australia: SW coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Pseudotyrannochthonius gigas Beier, M. 1969. Neue Pseudoskorpione aus Australien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 73: 171-187 [Date published November 1969] [178].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA N1980191 ♀ (in alcohol), Harmon One Cave, Byaduk, Victoria, Australia.
  Paratype(s) AM KS5326 1♀ (in alcohol), Church Cave, Byaduk, Victoria, Australia.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Flinders (FLI), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Victoria: SE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Pseudotyrannochthonius hamiltonsmithi Beier, M. 1968. Some cave-dwelling Pseudoscorpionidea from Australia and New Caledonia. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 15: 757-765 [759].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA N196830 ♀ (in alcohol), Mt Widderin Cave, Skipton, Victoria, Australia.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Flinders (FLI), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Victoria: SE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Tubbichthonius jonesi Chamberlin, J.C. 1962. New and little-known false scorpions, principally from caves, belonging to the families Chthoniidae and Neobisiidae (Arachnida, Chelonethida). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 123: 303-352 [317].

  Type data:

   Holotype AMNH JC-2014.01001 ♀ (on slide), 'probably in Blue Mountains near Sydney', New South Wales, Australia.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from the Jenolan karst area

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

NSW: South Eastern Highlands (SEH)

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

General References

Darms, D. & Harvey, M.S. 2013. Review of the cave-dwelling species of Pseudotyrannochthonius from mainland Australia, with description of two troglobitic species. Australian Journal of Entomology 52: 129–143 [136] (redescription)

History of changes

• Pseudotyrannochthonius leichardti Harms, D. 2013. A new species of Pseudotyrannochthonius Beier (Pseusoscorpiones: Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) from the Warrumbungle Range, New South Wales. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature 58: 23-32 [25].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM KS 75442 ♀, Australia, New South Wales, Wurrumbungle National Park, Siding Springs Road, 0.9 km from Siding Springs Observatory [31.16'15''S 149.04'31''E].
  Paratype(s) AM KS 119839, KS 119840 1♀ 1♂, data as for holotype.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NSW: Brigalow Belt South (BBS)

History of changes

• Pseudotyrannochthonius queenslandicus Beier, M. 1969. Neue Pseudoskorpione aus Australien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 73: 171-187 [Date published November 1969] [177].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM ♂ (in alcohol), Mt Tamborine, Joalah National Park, Queensland, Australia.
  Paratype(s) NHMW 2♂ (in alcohol), Mt Tamborine, Joalah National Park, Queensland, Australia; QM S212343 1 tritonymph (in alcohol), Mt Tamborine, Joalah National Park, Queensland, Australia.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Closed forest, litter, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Tubbichthonius solitarius Hoff, C.C. 1951. New species and records of chthoniid pseudoscorpions. American Museum Novitates 1483: 1-13 [10].

  Type data:

   Holotype AMNH ♂ (on slide), Mt Slide, Victoria, Australia.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Tasmania, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Tas, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Esperance Plains (ESP), Flinders (FLI), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Australian Capital Territory
  • New South Wales: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Tasmania
  • Western Australia: SW coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Litter, predator, terrestrial.

General References

Beier, M. 1966. On the Pseudoscorpionidea of Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 14: 275-303 [286] (distribution)

Beier, M. 1975. Neue Pseudoskorpione aus Australien und Neu-Guinea. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 78: 203-213 [title page bears the date December 1974] [203] (distribution)

Dartnall, A.J. 1970. Some Tasmanian chthoniid pseudoscorpions. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 104: 65-68 [67] (distribution)

History of changes

• Pseudotyrannochthonius tasmanicus Dartnall, A.J. 1970. Some Tasmanian chthoniid pseudoscorpions. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 104: 65-68 [66].

  Type data:

   Holotype TMH J613 ♂, King George V Cave, Tasmania, Australia.
  Paratype(s) TMH J614–616 3♀, King George V Cave, Tasmania, Australia.

Distribution

States

Tasmania

IBRA

Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Tasmania

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes

• Pseudotyrannochthonius typhlus Dartnall, A.J. 1970. Some Tasmanian chthoniid pseudoscorpions. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 104: 65-68 [67].

  Type data:

   Holotype TMH J602 ♂ (in alcohol), Sennacheribs Passage, Georgies Hall Cave, Mole Creek, Tasmania, Australia.
  Paratype(s) TMH J603 1 deutonymph, Sennacheribs Passage, Georgies Hall Cave, Mole Creek, Tasmania, Australia; TMH J611 1 tritonymph, Baldocks Cave, Mole Creek, Tasmania, Australia.

Distribution

States

Tasmania

IBRA

Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Tasmania

Ecological Descriptors

Cave dweller, predator, terrestrial.

History of changes