Family CALOCIDAE
Introduction
Most of the species in this family are medium sized (wing span 12–25 mm), but a few are moderately large, reaching a wing span of approximately 30 mm. They have blackish coloured forewings usually mottled with whitish irregular spots. The species inhabit small, cool streams.
The family is restricted to Australia and New Zealand and recently was part of the Sericostomatidae. In Australia, it now comprises 6 genera and 32 species, with extensive studies on the group by Shackleton (2010, 2013), Shackleton and Webb (2012, 2014, 2015) and Shackleton et al. 2014).. Several studies have highlighted the problems of distinguishing the Calocidae and other 'sericostomatoid' families, among them that of Drektrah (1984). Jackson (1998) produced a guide to late instar larvae.
Diagnosis
Adult: ocelli absent. Maxillary palpi 3 to 5-segmented in males, frequently modified; 5-segmented in females. Antennae stout, about as long as or slightly shorter than forewing; basal segment long, in males often with expanded lobes or other modifications. In some genera, dorsum of the head, mesally with expandable membranous filaments and long posterior setal warts; in females posterior setal warts shorter. Pronotum usually with two pairs of setal warts, the mesal pair small, rounded, lateral ones elongate (except in males of Caenota, which have only one pair of elongate warts, similar to those in Conoesucidae). Mesoscutum without setal warts; scutellum with a pair of elongate warts. Forewings elongate, oval, discoidal cell closed, rather small; venation usually differing in sexes.
Tibial spurs 2: 2: 4.
Larva: head with antennae close to the anterior margin of the eye; mesonotal sclerites reduced posteriorly; metanotum with 4 or more setae in each anteromesal setal area. Abdominal segment 1 with dorsal and lateral spacing humps reduced; gills and lateral fringe absent; segment 8 with lateral row of bifid spicules; segment 9 without dorsal sclerite. The larvae construct slightly curved tube cases from sand grains or pieces of plant detritus; inhabit small streams in forested areas. The larva of one species from Tasmania is terrestrial.
General References
Drecktrah, G. 1984. Description of the immature stages of Alloecella grisea Banks (Trichoptera: Helicophidae) and morphological characteristics used to distinguish between larvae of Australian Calocidae, Conoesucidae and Helicophidae. pp. 115-122 in Morse, J.C. (ed.). Proceedings 4th International Symposium on Trichoptera, Clemson, South Carolina 11–16 July, 1983. (Series Entomologica Vol. 30). The Hague : W. Junk.
Johanson, K.-A. & Malm, T. 2009. Testing the monophyly of Calocidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) based on multiple molecular data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54: 535–541
Mosely, M.E. & Kimmins, D.E. 1953. The Trichoptera (Caddis-flies) of Australia and New Zealand. London : British Museum (Natural History) 550 pp. [Date published 6 Feb. 1953]
Neboiss, A. 1977. A taxonomic and zoogeographic study of Tasmanian caddis-flies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 38: 1-208 [Date published 4 Apr. 1977]
Ross, H.H. 1967. The evolution and past dispersal of Trichoptera. Annual Review of Entomology 12: 169-206
Shackleton, M. 2010. Two new species of Pliocaloca Neboiss (Trichoptera: Calocidae) from eastern Australia, with descriptions of the immature stages of one species. Zootaxa 2476: 30-38
Shackleton, M.E. 2013. New species of Caloca Mosely (Trichoptera: Calocidae) from eastern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 70: 1-10
Shackleton, M.E., Webb, J.M., Lawler, S.H. & Suter, P.J. 2014. A new genus and species of Calocidae (Trichoptera: Insecta) from south eastern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72: 25–30
Shackleton, M.E. & Webb, J.M 2014. Two new species of Calocoides Neboiss 1984 (Trichoptera: Calocidae) from eastern Australia, with descriptions of the immature stages. Austral Entomology
Shackleton, M.E. & Webb, J.M. 2012. An association of a larva with the adult male of Pliocaloca fidesria Shackleton (Trichoptera: Calocidae) from eastern Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature 56(2): 593-600
Shackleton, M.E. & Webb, J.M. 2015. Revision of the genus Caenota Mosely (Trichoptera: Calocidae), with descriptions of 2 new species and the larva of C. nemorosa Neboiss. Zootaxa 3972(4): 451–481
Zhang, Z.Q. & Shear, W.A. (eds) 2007. Linnaeus Tercentenary: Progress in Invertebrate Taxonomy. Zootaxa 1668: 766 pp. [http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01668p411.pdf] [639–698]
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 05-Jun-2019 | TRICHOPTERA | 21-May-2019 | MODIFIED | |
| 11-Oct-2012 | 11-Oct-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 01-Nov-2011 | 01-Nov-2011 | MODIFIED | ||
| 10-Dec-2010 | 01-Aug-2011 | MODIFIED | ||
| 12-Feb-2010 | (import) |