Species Babesia bovis (Babes, 1888)

Museums

Regional Maps

• Haematococcus bovis Babés, V. 1888. Sur l'hemoglobinurie bacterienne du boeuf. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences. Paris 107: 692-694.
• Piroplasma argentinum Lignieres, J. 1903. La piroplasmose bovine. Nouvelles recherches et observations sur la multiplicite des parasites, leur evolution, la transmission naturelle de la maladie et al vaccination. Archiv für Parasitenkunde 7: 398.

Generic Combinations

• Babesia bovis (Babes, 1888). —
  Starcovici, C. 1893. Bemerkungen uber den durch Babes entdeckten Blutparasiten und die durch denselben hervorgebrachten Krankheiten, die seuchenhafte Hamoglobinurie des Rindes (Babes), das Texasfieber (Th. Smith) und der Carceag der Schafe (Babes). Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, und Infecktionskrankheiten 14(1): 1-8

Distribution

IBRA and IMCRA regions

IBRA

Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Northern Kimberley (NK), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Boophilus microplus (Canestini, 1887) [IXODIDAE] Cattle Tick (syn. B. australis; gut, ova, salivary glands, haemolymph); Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 [BOVIDAE] Ox (blood, antibodies (CFT, IFAT, IHAT, HAT, ELISA, RIA), DNA (PCR)); Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus, 1758) [BOVIDAE] Water Buffalo (blood); Bos taurus indicus Linnaeus, 1766 [BOVIDAE] Zebu (as a variety; blood, antibodies (IHAT))).

Associated Fauna References

Bock, R.E., De Vos, A.J., Kingston, T.G., Shiels, I.A. & Dalgliesh, R.J. 1992. Investigations of breakdowns in protection provided by living Babesia bovis vaccine. Veterinary Parasitology 43(1-2): 45-56 (Bos taurus)

Bock, R.E., Devos, A.J., Kingston, T.G. & McLellan, D.J. 1997. Effect of breed of cattle on innate resistance to infection with Babesia bovis, B. bigemina and Anaplasma marginale. Australian Veterinary Journal 75: 337-340 (Bos taurus)

Bock, R.E., deVos, A.J., Lew, A., Kingston, T.G. & Fraser, I.R. 1995. Studies on failure of T strain live Babesia bovis vaccine. Australian Veterinary Journal 72: 296-300 (Bos taurus)

Bock, R.E., Kingston, T.G. & de Vos, A.J. 1999. Effect of breed of cattle on transmission rate and innate resistance to infection with Babesia bovis and B. bigemina transmitted by Boophilus microplus. Australian Veterinary Journal 77: 461-464 (Bos taurus)

Bock, R.E., Lew, A.E., Minchin, C.M., Jeston, P.J. & Jorgensen, W.K. 2000. Application of PCR assays to determine the genotype of Babesia bovis parasites isolated from cattle with clinical babesiosis soon after vaccination against tick fever. Australian Veterinary Journal 78: 179-181 (Bos taurus)

Bock, R.E. & de Vos, A.J. 2001. Immunity following use of Australian tick fever vaccine: a review of the evidence. Australian Veterinary Journal 79: 832-839 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L. 1968. A note on homologous strain immunity in Babesia argentina infections. Australian Veterinary Journal 44: 268-269 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L. 1979. Some aspects of the epidemiology and control of bovine babesiosis in Australia. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 50: 353-356 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L. 1984. Animal Health in Australia. Volume 5. Protozoal and Rickettsial Diseases. Canberra : Aust. Govt. Publ. Service. (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L., Dalgliesh, R.J. & De Vos, A.J. 1997. Development of effective living vaccines against bovine babesiosis - the longest field trial? International Journal for Parasitology 27: 747-767 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L., Emmerson, F.R., Parker, R.J. & Knott, S.G. 1976. Infection rates and outbreaks of disease due to Babesia argentina in unvaccinated cattle on 5 beef properties in south-eastern Queensland. Australian Veterinary Journal 52: 446-450 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L., McGregor, W., Parker, R.J. & Dalgliesh, R.J. 1974. The immunity of cattle to Babesia argentina after drug sterilisation of infections of varying duration. Australian Veterinary Journal 50: 6-11 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L., Mellors, L.T. & McGregor, W. 1979. Reduction in virulence of Babesia bovis due to rapid passage in splenectomized cattle. International Journal for Parasitology 9: 333-338 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L., Parker, R.J., Rodwell, B.J. & Ottley, M.L. 1976. Piroplasmosis in buffaloes and its serological diagnosis based on a homology between buffalo and bovine immunoglobulins. Australian Veterinary Journal 52: 40-41 (Bubalus bubalis)

Callow, L.L., Quiroga, Q.C. & McCosker, P.J. 1976. Serological comparisons of Australian and South American strains of Babesia argentina and Anaplasma marginale. International Journal for Parasitology 6: 307-310 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L. & Johnston, L.A.Y. 1963. Babesia spp. in the brains of clinically normal cattle and their detection by a brain smear technique. Australian Veterinary Journal 39: 25-31 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L. & McGavin, M.D. 1963. Cerebral babesiosis due to Babesia argentina. Australian Veterinary Journal 39: 15-21 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L. & McGregor, W. 1970. The effect of imidocarb against Babesia argentina and Babesia bigemina infections in cattle. Australian Veterinary Journal 46: 195-200 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L. & Mellors, L.T. 1966. A new vaccine for Babesia argentina infection prepared in splenectomised calves. Australian Veterinary Journal 42: 464-465 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L. & Parker, R.J. 1969. Cortisone-induced relapses in Babesia argentina infections in cattle. Australian Veterinary Journal 45: 103-104 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L. & Pepper, P.M. 1974. Measurement of and correlations between fever, changes in the packed cell volume and parasitaemia in the evaluation of the susceptibility of cattle to infection with Babesia argentina. Australian Veterinary Journal 50: 1-5 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L. & Stewart, N.P. 1978. Immunosuppression by Babesia bovis against its tick vector, Boophilus microplus. Nature 272: 818-819 (Bos taurus)

Callow, L.L. & Tammemagi, L. 1967. Vaccination against bovine babesiosis. Infectivity and virulence of blood from animals either recovered from or reacting to Babesia argentina. Australian Veterinary Journal 43: 249-256 (Bos taurus)

Court, R.A., Jackson, L.A. & Lee, R.P. 2001. Elevated anti-parasitic activity in peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils of cattle infected with Babesia bovis. International Journal for Parasitology 19: 29-37 (Bos taurus)

Curnow, J.A. 1968. In vitro agglutination of bovine erythrocytes infected with Babesia argentina. Nature 217: 267-268 (Bos taurus)

Curnow, J.A. 1973. Studies on antigenic changes and strain differences in Babesia argentina infections. Australian Veterinary Journal 49: 279-283 (Bos taurus)

Curnow, J.A. 1973. Studies on the epizootiology of bovine babesiosis in common border areas of New South Wales and Queensland. Australian Veterinary Journal 49: 294-297 (Bos taurus)

Curnow, J.A. 1973. Studies on the epizootiology of bovine babesiosis in north eastern New South Wales. Australian Veterinary Journal 49: 284-289 (Bos taurus)

Curnow, J.A. & Curnow, B.A. 1967. An indirect haemagglutination test for the diagnosis of Babesia argentina infection in cattle. Australian Veterinary Journal 43: 286-290 (Bos taurus)

Dalgliesh, R.J. 1968. Field observations on Babesia argentina vaccination in Queensland. Australian Veterinary Journal 44: 103-104 (Bos taurus)

Dalgliesh, R.J., Dimmock, C.K., Hill, M.W.M. & Mellors, L.T. 1976. Babesia argentina: disseminated intravascular coagulation in acute infections in splenectomized calves. Experimental Parasitology 40: 124-131 (Bos taurus)

Dalgliesh, R.J., Dimmock, C.K., Hill, M.W.M. & Mellors, L.T. 1977. The protamine sulphate test as a screening test for intravascular coagulation in experimental Babesia bovis infections. Research in Veterinary Science 23: 105-108 (Bos taurus)

Dalgliesh, R.J., Jorgensen, W.K. & DeVos, A.J. 1990. Australian frozen vaccines for the control of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle - a review. Tropical Animal Health and Production 22: 44-52 (Bos taurus)

Dalgliesh, R.J., Stewart, N.P. & Duncalfe, F. 1981. Reduction in pathogenicity of Babesia bovis for its tick vector, Boophilus microplus, after rapid blood passage in splenectomized calves. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 64: 347-351 (Boophilus microplus; Bos taurus)

Dalgliesh, R.J. & Stewart, N.P. 1976. Stimulation of the development of infective Babesia bovis (= B. argentina) in unfed Boophilus microplus larvae. Australian Veterinary Journal 52: 543 (Boophilus microplus)

Dalgliesh, R.J. & Stewart, N.P. 1977. Failure of vaccine strains of Babesia bovis to regain infectivity for ticks during long-standing infections in cattle. Australian Veterinary Journal 53: 429-431 (Bos taurus)

Dalgliesh, R.J. & Stewart, N.P. 1979. Observations on the morphology and infectivity for cattle of Babesia bovis parasites in unfed Boophilus microplus larvae after incubation at various temperatures. International Journal for Parasitology 9: 115-120 (Boophilus microplus; Bos taurus)

Dalgliesh, R.J. & Stewart, N.P. 1982. Some effects of time, temperature and feeding on infection rates with Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in Boophilus microplus larvae. International Journal for Parasitology 12: 323-326 (Boophilus microplus; Bos taurus)

Dalrymple, B.P. 1990. Cloning and characterization of the rRNA genes and flanking regions from Babesia bovis: use of the genes as strain discriminating probes. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 43: 117-124 (Bos taurus)

Dalrymple, B.P. 1993. Molecular variation and diversity in candidate vaccine antigens from Babesia. Acta Tropica 53: 227-238 (Bos taurus)

Dalrymple, B.P., Casu, R.E., Peters, J.M., Dimmock, C.M., Gale, K.R., Boese, R. & Wright, I.G. 1993. Characterisation of a family of multi-copy genes encoding rhoptry protein homologues in Babesia bovis, Babesia ovis and Babesia canis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 57: 181-192 (Bos taurus)

Dalrymple, B.P., Dimmock, C.M., Parrodi, F. & Wright, I.G. 1992. Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia canis, Babesia microti and Babesia rodhaini: comparison of ribosomal RNA gene organization. International Journal for Parasitology 22: 851-855 (Bos taurus)

Dalrymple, B.P., Jorgensen, W.K., DeVos, A.J. & Wright, I.G. 1992. Analysis of the composition of samples of Babesia bovis and the influence of different environmental conditions on genetically distinct subpopulations. International Journal for Parasitology 22: 731-737 (Bos taurus)

Daly, G.D. & Hall, W.T.K. 1955. A note on the susceptibility of British and some Zebu-type cattle to tick fever (babesiosis). Australian Veterinary Journal 31: 152 (Bos taurus indicus; Bos taurus)

Dimmock, C.K. 1973. Blood group antibody production in cattle by a vaccine against Babesia bigemina. Research in Veterinary Science 15: 305-309 (Bos taurus)

Dodd, S. 1910. Piroplasmosis of cattle in Queensland. Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics 23: 141-160 (Bos taurus)

Ellis, J., Hefford, C., Baverstock, P.R., Dalrymple, B.P. & Johnson, A.M. 1992. Ribosomal DNA sequence comparison of Babesia and Theileria. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 54: 87-96 (Bos taurus)

Emmerson, F.R., Knott, S.G. & Callow, L.L. 1976. Vaccination with Babesia argentina in 5 beef herds in south-eastern Queensland. Australian Veterinary Journal 52: 451-454 (Bos taurus)

Fahrimal, Y., Goff, W.L. & Jasmer, D.P. 1992. Detection of Babesia bovis carrier cattle by using polymerase chain reaction amplification of parasite DNA. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 30: 1374-1379 (Bos taurus)

Gale, K.R., Waltisbuhl, D.J., Bowden, J.M., Jorgensen, W.K., Matheson, J., East, I.J., Zakrzewski, H. & Leatch, G. 1998. Amelioration of virulent Babesia bovis infection in calves by administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor aminoguanidine. Parasite Immunology 20: 441-445 (Bos taurus)

Goldman, M. & Rosenberg, A.S. 1974. Immunofluorescence studies of the small Babesia species of cattle from different geographical areas. Research in Veterinary Science 16: 351-354 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V. 1971. Preparation and preliminary assessment of purified antigens in the passive haemagglutination test for bovine babesiosis. Australian Veterinary Journal 47: 251-256 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V. 1973. Babesia argentina: intraerythrocytic location of babesial antigen extracted from parasite suspensions. International Journal for Parasitology 3: 387-391 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V. 1973. Further studies of haemagglutinating antigens of Babesia bigemina. Australian Veterinary Journal 49: 81-84 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V. 1975. A cold precipitable fibrinogen complex in the plasma of cattle dying from infection with Babesia argentina. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 48: 1-7 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V. 1976. Babesia argentina: studies on the nature of an antigen associated with infection. International Journal for Parasitology 6: 213-216 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V. 1977. Babesia argentina: observations on the immunogenicity of the cryofibrinogen complex. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 53: 47-52 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V. 1978. Babesia bovis (= argentina): changes in erythrophylic and associated proteins during acute infection of splenectomized and intact calves. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 55: 1-8 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V., Commins, M.A., Waltisbuhl, D.J., Wright, I.G. & Rode-Bramanis, K. 1990. Babesia bovis: immunity induced by vaccination with a lipid enriched fraction. International Journal for Parasitology 20: 685-687 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V., Wright, I.G., Mahoney, D.F. & McKenna, R.V. 1978. Babesia bovis (argentina): components of the cryofibrinogen complex and their contribution to pathophysiology of infection in splenectomized claves. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 58: 3-13 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V., Wright, I.G., Mahoney, D.F. & McKenna, R.V. 1980. Babesia bovis (argentina): studies on the composition and location of antigen associated with infected erythrocytes. International Journal for Parasitology 10: 33-36 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V., Wright, I.G. & Mahoney, D.F. 1981. Changes in conglutinin, immunoconglutinin, complement C3 and fibronectin concentrations in cattle acutely infected with Babesia bovis. Australian Journal of Experimantal Biology and Medical Science 59: 531-538 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V., Wright, I.G. & Mahoney, D.F. 1981. Initial characterization of cryoprecipitates in cattle recovering from acute Babesia bovis (argentina) infection. Australian Journal of Experimantal Biology and Medical Science 59: 521-529 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V. & Mahoney, D.F. 1974. A rapid slide agglutination test for the herd diagnosis of Babesia argentina infection. Australian Veterinary Journal 50: 250-254 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V. & Mahoney, D.F. 1974. Evaluation of the passive haemagglutination test for the diagnosis of Babesia argentina infection in cattle. Australian Veterinary Journal 50: 246-249 (Bos taurus)

Goodger, B.V. & Wright, I.G. 1977. Babesia bovis (argentina): observations of coagulation parameters, fibrinogen catabolism and fibrinolysis in intact and splenectomized cattle. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 54: 9-27 (Bos taurus)

Hall, W.T.K. 1960. The immunity of calves to Babesia argentina infection. Australian Veterinary Journal 36: 361-366 (Bos taurus)

Hall, W.T.K. 1963. The immunity of calves to tick-transmitted Babesia argentina infection. Australian Veterinary Journal 39: 386-389 (Bos taurus)

Hoyte, H.M.D. 1971. Differential diagnosis of Babesia argentina and Babesia bigemina infections in cattle using thin blood smears and brain smears. Australian Veterinary Journal 47: 248-250 (Bos taurus)

Hoyte, H.M.D. 1976. The tick-fever parasites of cattle. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 87: 5-13 (Bos taurus)

Johnston, L.A.Y. 1968. The incidence of clinical babesiosis in cattle in Queensland. Australian Veterinary Journal 44: 265-267 (Bos taurus)

Johnston, L.A.Y., Leatch, G. & Jones, P.N. 1978. The duration of latent infection and functional immunity in Droughtmaster and Hereford cattle following natural infection with Babesia argentina and Babesia bigemina. Australian Veterinary Journal 54: 14-18 (Bos taurus)

Johnston, L.A.Y., Pearson, R.D. & Leatch, G. 1973. A comparison of indirect, direct inhibition and labelled anticomplement fluorescent antibody tests in the detection of Babesia argentina infection in cattle. Australian Veterinary Journal 49: 421-423 (Bos taurus)

Johnston, L.A.Y., Pearson, R.D. & Leatch, G. 1973. Evaluation of an indirect fluorescent antibody test for detecting Babesia argentina infection in cattle. Australian Veterinary Journal 49: 373-377 (Bos taurus)

Johnston, L.A.Y., Trueman, K.F. & Pearson, R.D. 1977. Bovine babesiosis: comparison of fluorescent antibody and Giemsa staining in post-mortem diagnosis of infection. Australian Veterinary Journal 53: 222-226 (Bos taurus)

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Johnston, T.H. 1916. A census of the endoparasites recorded as occurring in Queensland, arranged under their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 28: 31-79 (Bos taurus)

Jones, S.H., Lew, A.E., Jorgensen, W.K. & Barker, S.C. 1997. Babesia bovis: genome size, number of chromosomes and telomeric probe hybridisation. International Journal for Parasitology 27: 1569-1573 (Bos taurus)

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Mahoney, D.F. 1964. Bovine babesiosis: an assessment of the significance of complement fixing antibody based upon experimental infection. Australian Veterinary Journal 40: 369-375 (Bos taurus)

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Mahoney, D.F. 1967. Bovine babesiosis: preparation and assessment of complement fixing antigens. Experimental Parasitology 20: 232-241 (Bos taurus)

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Mahoney, D.F. 1967. Bovine babesiosis: the passive immunization of calves against Babesia argentina with special reference to the role of complement fixing antibodies. Experimental Parasitology 20: 119-124 (Bos taurus)

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Mahoney, D.F. & Goodger, B.V. 1972. Babesia argentina: immunogenicity of plasma from infected animals. Experimental Parasitology 32: 71-85 (Bos taurus)

Mahoney, D.F. & Mirre, G.B. 1971. Bovine babesiasis: estimation of infection rates in the tick vector Boophilus microplus (Canestrini). Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 65: 309-317 (Boophilus microplus)

Mahoney, D.F. & Mirre, G.B. 1974. Babesia argentina: the infection of splenectomized calves with extracts of larval ticks (Boophilus microplus). Research in Veterinary Science 16: 112-114 (Boophilus microplus; Bos taurus)

Mahoney, D.F. & Mirre, G.B. 1979. A note on the transmission of Babesia bovis (syn B argentina) by the one-host tick, Boophilus microplus. Research in Veterinary Science 26: 253-254 (Boophilus microplus; Bos taurus)

Mahoney, D.F. & Ross, D.R. 1972. Epizootiological factors in the control of bovine babesiosis. Australian Veterinary Journal 48: 292-298 (Boophilus microplus; Bos taurus)

Mahoney, D.F. & Saal, J.R. 1961. Bovine babesiosis: thick blood films for the detection of parasitaemia. Australian Veterinary Journal 37: 44-47 (Bos taurus)

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Molloy, J.B., Bowles, P.M., Bock, R.E., Turton, J.A., Katsande, T.C., Katende, J.M., Mabikacheche, L.G., Waldron, S.J., Blight, G.W. & Dalgiesh, R.J. 1998. Evaluation of an ELISA for detection of antibodies to Babesia bovis in cattle in Australia and Zimbabwe. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 33: 59-67 (Bos taurus)

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