Species Aporrectodea trapezoides (Dugès, 1828)

Museums

Regional Maps

External Links

• Lumbricus trapezoides Dugès, A. 1828. Recherche sur la circulation, la respiration et la reproduction des annélides sétigères abranches. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris 15(1): 284-336 [289].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Montpellier, France
  Comment: Reynolds & Cook (1976) and Chang et al. (2010) recorded the type specimens as missing.

  Type locality references:

  Chang, C.-H., Shen, H.-P. & Chen, J.-H. BiotaTaiwanica: Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny, 1826). Version 2010. http://clitellates.biota.biodiv.tw/pages/584 [BiotaTaiwanica is a TaiBIF project funded by National Science Council] (URL accessed 28/1/2012).
• Lumbricus novae hollandiae Kinberg, J.G. 1867. Annulata nova. Öfversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, Stockholm 23(4): 97-103 [99] (part.) [part.].
• Lumbricus capensis Kinberg, J.G. 1867. Annulata nova. Öfversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, Stockholm 23(4): 97-103 [100].
• Lumbricus matutinus Weyenbergh, D.H. 1879. Descripciones de nuevos gusanos. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Cordoba, Argentina) 3: 212-219 [213].
• Allolobophora inflata Michaelsen, W. 1899. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Oligochäten. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 12: 105-144 [124].
• Helodrilus (Helodrilus) mariensis Stephenson, J. 1917. On a collectionof Oligochaeta from various parts of India and further India. Records of the Indian Museum 13: 353-416 [414].
• Eophila augilensis Sciacchitano, J. 1932. Spedizione scientifica all'Oasi di Cufra: Oligocheti. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria", Genova 55: 302-304 [302].
• Dendrobaena samarigera graeca Cernosvitov, L. 1938. Zur Kenntnis der Oligochäten-fauna des Balkans. V. Oligochäten aus Jugoslawien und Albanien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 122: 285-289 [285].
• Allolobophora iowana Evans, A.C. 1948. On some earthworms from Iowa, including a description of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London Series 11 14: 514-516 [515].
• Nicodrilus (Nicodrilus) caliginosus meridionalis Bouché, M.B. 1972. Lombriciens de France, écologie et systématique. Articles de Zoologie-Écologie animale (numéro hors-série). Institut national de la Recherche agronomique, Paris. pp. 621 [334].

Generic Combinations

• Allolobophora caliginosa trapezoides (Dugès, 1828) [as form]. —
  Gates, G.E. 1941. Notes on a Californian earthworm, Plutellus papillifer. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 23: 443-452 [452]
  Plisko, J.D. 1973. Lumbricidae Dzdzownice (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Fauna Polski, 1. Warsaw : Polish Academy of Sciences pp. 156. [108]
• Lumbricus trapezoides (Dugès, 1828). —
  Dugès, A. 1828. Recherche sur la circulation, la respiration et la reproduction des annélides sétigères abranches. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris 15(1): 284-336 [289]
• Aporrectodea trapezoides (Dugès, 1828). —
  Reynolds, J.W. 1975. Les lombricidés (Oligochaeta) des îles-de-la-Madeleine. Megadrilogica 2: 1-8 [3]
  Reynolds, J.W. 1977. The Earthworms (Lumbricidae and Sparganophilidae) of Ontario. Life Sciences Miscellaneous Publications. Royal Ontario Museum, Ontario. pp. 141 [46, fig. 10]
  Easton, E.G. 1980. Japanese earthworms: a synopsis of the megadrile species (Oligochaeta). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 40(2): 33-65 [41]
  Blakemore, R.J. 2002. Cosmopolitan Earthworms — an Eco-Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. Canberra : VermEcology, Kippax 506 pp. [291, fig. 4.8a, b] (date should be 2002)
  Fragoso, C. & Brown, G.G. 2007. Ecologia y taxonomia de las lombrices de tierra em Latinoamérica. El primer Encuentro Latino-Americano de Ecologia y Taxonomia de Oligochaeta (ELAETAO 1). pp. 33-75 in Brown, G.G. & Fragoso, C. (eds). Minhocas na América Latina: biodiversidade e ecologia. Londrina, Paraná, Brazil : Embrapa Soja pp. 33-75. [70]
• Allolobophora trapezoides (Dugès, 1828). —
  Gates, G.E. 1972. Burmese earthworms. An introduction to the systematics and biology of megadrile oligochaetes with special reference to South-east Asia. Transactions of the Australian Entomological Society 62(7): 1-326 [76]
• Aporrectodea caliginosa trapezoides (Dugès, 1828). —
  Plisko, J.D. 1973. Lumbricidae Dzdzownice (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Fauna Polski, 1. Warsaw : Polish Academy of Sciences pp. 156. [108]
  Easton, E.G. 1983. A guide to the valid names of Lumbricidae (Oligochaeta). pp. 475-485 in Satchell, J.E. (ed.). Earthworm Ecology from Darwin to Vermiculture. London : Chapman & Hall. [477]
• Allolobophora caliginosa trapezoides (Dugès, 1828). —
  Chen, Y. 1931. On the terrestrial Oligochaeta from Szechuan, with descriptions of some new forms. Contributions of the Biological Laboratory of the Scientific Society of China Zoology 7: 117-171 [168]
• Helodrilus caliginosus trapezoides (Dugès, 1828). —
  Cordero, E.H. 1931. Notas sobre los oligoquetos del Uruguay. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Bernardino Rivadavia 36: 343-357 [353]
• Helodrilus (Allolobophora) caliginosus trapezoides (Dugès, 1828). —
  Michaelsen, W. 1900. Oligochaeta. pp. 575 in Michaelsen, W. Das Tierreich, Vermes, Lief. 10, Oligochaeta. Berlin : Friedländer und Sohn. [483]

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Allolobophora caliginosa (Savigny in Cuvier, 1826) [part.]. —
  Eaton, T.H. Jr 1942. Earthworms of the northeastern United States: a key, with distribution records. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 32(8): 242-249 [246]
  Støp-Bovitz, C. 1969. A contribution to our knowledge of the systematics and zoogeography of Norwegian earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae). Nytt Magasin for Zoologi 17(2): 170-280 [191]
• Helodrilus (Allolobophora) caliginosus (Savigny in Cuvier, 1826) [non Enterion caliginosum Savigny, 1926, synonym of Aporrectodea caliginosa caliginosa (Savigny, 1826)]. —
  Lahille, F. 1922. Enumeración sistemática de los anélidos oligoquetos en la R. Argentina. Buenos Aires : Ministerio de Agricultura de la Nación pp. 32. [18]
• Allolobophora longa (Ude, 1885) [part.]. —
  Reinecke, A.J. & Ryke, P.A. 1969. A new species from the genus Geogenia (Microchaetidae: Oligochaeta) from Lesotho, with notes on two exotic earthworms. Revue d'Écologie et de Biologie du Sol 6: 515-523 [515]
• Allolobophora caliginosa beddardi (Michaelsen, 1894) [non Allolobophora beddardi Michaelsen, 1894, valid as Allolobophora parva Eisen, 1874]. —
  Ribaucourt, E. De 1896. Étude sur la faune lombricide de la Suisse. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 4: 1-110 [53]
• Allolobophora (Microephila) mariensis (Stephenson, 1917). —
  Omodeo, P. 1956. Contributo alla revisione dei Lumbricidae. Archivio Zoologico Italiano 41: 129-212 [184]
• Allolobophora (Eophila) mariensis (Stephenson, 1917). —
  Stephenson, J. 1923. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Oligochaeta. London : Taylor & Francis 518 pp. [504]

Distribution

States

South Australia, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Also from: Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, French Guyana, Brazil, North America, Europe, Africa, Middle East, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii and Saint Helena island

Introduced.

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Adult: soil dweller.

Extra Ecological Information

Found in heavy or sandy soil.

Diagnosis

External characters: Length 60-220 mm, clitellum width 3-7 mm, segment number 130-169. Prostomium epilobous. Tail flat or trapezoid. Setae lumbricine. First dorsal pore 6/7-13/14. Clitellum 26,27,28-34,35, saddle-shaped. Spermathecal pores two pairs in 9/10/11, near seta c lines. Female pores paired in 14, lateral to seta b, small slits. Male pores paired in 15, large slits. Tubercula pubertatis in 30,31-33,34, smooth, uninterrupted, occupying bc. Genital tumescences around ab in 9-11, and in 28, 30, 32-34. Live specimens dark gray or grayish brown.

Internal characters: Septa present from 5/6, 6/7-9/10 gradually thickened. Gizzard in 17. Calciferous glands in 11. Intestine from 20. Typhlosale present from 21. Hearts in 6,7-11. Spermathecae two pairs in 10 and 11, round, small. Nephridia holoic. Ovaries in 13. Testes two pairs in 10 and 11. Seminal vesicles in 9-12, small. Prostate glands absent.

Diagnosis References

Chang, C.-H., Shen, H.-P. & Chen, J.-H. BiotaTaiwanica: Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny, 1826). Version 2010. http://clitellates.biota.biodiv.tw/pages/584 [BiotaTaiwanica is a TaiBIF project funded by National Science Council] (URL accessed 28/1/2012)

Systematics

The name A. trapezoides has long been considered either a junior synonym of A. caliginosa or a distinct species by different authors (e.g. Blakemore 2002; Csuzdi & Zicsi 2003 for recent examples). Recent phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequences, suggest it is a distinct species (Perez-Losada et al. 2009)

General References

Blakemore, R.J. 2002. Cosmopolitan Earthworms — an Eco-Taxonomic Guide to the Peregrine Species of the World. Canberra : VermEcology, Kippax 506 pp.

Perez-Losada, M., Ricoy, M., Dominguez, J. & Marshall, J. 2009. Phylogenetic assessment of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa species complex (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52: 293-302

History of changes