Subspecies Apiomorpha munita munita (Schrader, 1863)

Museums

Regional Maps

• Brachyscelis munita munita Schrader, H.L. 1863. Observations on certain gall-making Coccidae of Australia. Transactions of the Entomological Society of New South Wales 1: 1-6 [2].
• Brachyscelis munita foliosa Tepper, J.G.O. 1893. Descriptions of South Australian brachyscelid galls. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 17: 265-280 [273] [name was proposed provisionally and based solely on gall].
• Brachyscelis munita reducta Tepper, J.G.O. 1893. Descriptions of South Australian brachyscelid galls. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 17: 265-280 [273] [description based on gall].
• Brachyscelis tricornis Froggatt, W.W. 1893. Notes on the family Brachyscelidae, with some account of their parasites, and descriptions of new species. Part I. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 7: 353-378 [361] [considered by Gullan (1984) as a nomen dubium; according to Gullan (1984) "type specimens of Brachyscelis tricornis are unknown. Froggatt probably did not designate types."].
• Apiomorpha cornifex Rübsaamen, E.H. 1894. Über australische Zoocecidien und deren Erzeuger. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 39: 199-234 [205] [considered by Gullan (1984) as a nomen dubium; types of Rübsaamen in the ZMHB apparently were destroyed during World War II].
• Apiomorpha munita munitior Fuller, C. 1899. XIV. Notes and descriptions of some species of Western Australian Coccidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1899: 435-473 [445] [description based on gall; considered by Gullan (1984) as a nomen dubium].
• Brachyscelis munita elongata Lidgett, J. 1901. Australian gall–Coccidae. Science Gossip, London 8: 77-78 [77] ["No specimens are known from Lidgett" (Gullan, personal communication, April 29, 1998). This name has not been used since its original description in 1901 except for when it was considered as a junior synonym of Apiomorpha munita munita by Gullan (1984). Gullan does not explicitly synonymize Brachyscelis munita elongata Lidgett, but simply treats it as another reference to A. munita munita].

 

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Froggatt, W.W. 1898. The growth of vegetable galls. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales 9: 385-391, 488-499 [490] (synonymy of Apiomorpha cornifex Rübsaamen, 1894)
• Froggatt, W.W. 1921. A descriptive catalogue of the scale insects (Coccidae) of Australia. (Part II [Concl.]). Science Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, New South Wales 18: 1-159 [131] (synonymy of Brachyscelis tricornis Froggatt, 1893)
• Hoy, J.M. 1963. A catalogue of the Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of the world. Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 150: 1-260 [39] (synonymy of Brachyscelis munita foliosa Tepper, 1893; synonymy of Brachyscelis munita reducta Tepper, 1893)

 

Ecological Descriptors

Sap-feeder.

 

ID Keys

(Gullan, P.J., 1984) [10] (adult female; Adult females and female galls of Apiomorpha)

 

SYSTEMATICS

Slide-mounted adult female is characterized by having: abdominal segment IX longer ventrally than dorsally; abdomen attenuate not curvilinearly tapered to base of anal lobes; anal ring at least partially concealed by sclerotized shield; spine-like setae absent from segment IX; body 1.4–2.6 times as long as wide. Female galls four-sided, usually with four broad, blade-like appendages. See Gullan, P.J. 1984. A revision of the gall-forming coccoid genus Apiomorpha Rübsaamen (Homoptera: Eriococcidae: Apiomorphinae). Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series 97: 1–203.

 

General References

Beardsley, J.W. 1984. Gall-forming Coccoidea. In, Ananthakrishnan, T.N. (ed.). Biology of Gall Insects. New Delhi : Oxford & IBH. Publ. Co. 400 pp. [89] (distribution, host, illustration)

Buchner, P. 1957. Endosymbiosestudien an Schildläusen. 6. Die nicht in Symbiose lebende Gattung Apiomorpha und ihre ungewöhniche Embryonalentwicklung. Zeitschrift für die Morphologie und Ökologie die Tiere 46: 481-528 [482] (taxonomy)

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1896. A check list of the Coccidae. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History 4: 318-339 [328] (taxonomy)

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1899. Article VII. – First supplement to the check-list of the Coccidae. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History 5: 389-398 [393] (taxonomy)

Cook, L.G. 2000. Extraordinary and extensive karyotypic variation: A 48–fold range in chromosome number in the gall-inducing scale insect Apiomorpha (Hemiptera: Coccoidea : Eriococcidae). Genome 43(2): 255-263 [256, 257] (distribution, physiology)

Cook, L.G. 2001. Extensive chromosomal variation associated with taxon divergence and host specificity in the gall-inducing scale insect Apiomorpha munita (Schrader) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 72(2): 265-278 [265-277] (chemistry, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Cook, L.G., Gullan, P.J. & Stewart, A.C. 2000. First-instar morphology and sexual dimorphism in the gall-inducing scale insect Apiomorpha Rubsaamen (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Journal of Natural History 34(6): 879-894 [880, 882, 884, 885, 887] (behaviour, taxonomy)

Docters van Leeuwen, W.M. 1925. Some Australia Zoocecidia. Marcellia (Rivista Internazionale di Cecidologia) 21: 138-164 [151] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Fernald, M.E. 1903. A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College 88: 1-360 [42] (catalogue, taxonomy)

Ferris, G.F. 1957. Notes on some little known genera of the Coccoidea (Homoptera). Microentomology 22: 59-79 [61] (description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Froggatt, W.W. 1893. Notes on the family Brachyscelidae, with some account of their parasites, and descriptions of new species. Part I. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 7: 353-378 [359] (description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Froggatt, W.W. 1894. Some account of the gall-making insects of Australia. Australian Natural History 5: 109-114 [111] (taxonomy)

Froggatt, W.W. 1898. The growth of vegetable galls. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales 9: 385-391, 488-499 [489-490] (description, distribution, host, taxonomy)

Froggatt, W.W. 1921. A descriptive catalogue of the scale insects (Coccidae) of Australia. (Part II [Concl.]). Science Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, New South Wales 18: 1-159 [131] (description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Froggatt, W.W. 1931. A classification of the gall-making coccids of the genus Apiomorpha. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 56: 431-454 [434, 435, 441, 451] (description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Fuller, C. 1897. Some Coccidae of Western Australia. Journal of Western Australia Bureau of Agriculture 4: 1344-1346 [1346] (distribution, taxonomy)

Fuller, C. 1899. XIV. Notes and descriptions of some species of Western Australian Coccidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1899: 435-473 [445] (description, distribution, host, taxonomy)

Gullan, P.J. 1979. The wax-exuding, cuticular pores of Apiomorpha Rübsaamen (Homoptera: Coccoidea): a light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study. Australian Entomological Magazine 6: 3-9 [4-5] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Gullan, P.J. 1983. Spiracular structure of adult females of Apiomorpha Rübsaamen (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 22: 25-29 [28] (structure)

Gullan, P.J. 1984. A revision of the gall-forming coccoid genus Apiomorpha Rübsaamen (Homoptera: Eriococcidae: Apiomorphinae). Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series 97: 1-203 [27] (description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Hockings, F.D. 1980. Friends and Foes of Australian Gardens (including pests, diseases, parasites and predators). Sydney : Reed, in association with the Society for Growing Australian Plants 151 pp. [98] (distribution, illustration)

Houard, C. 1923. Les Zoocécides des plantes d'Afrique, d'Asie et d'Océanie. Dicotyledones. Paris, France : Hermann Vol. 2 1056 pp. [618, 619] (description, illustration, taxonomy)

Hoy, J.M. 1963. A catalogue of the Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of the world. Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 150: 1-260 [39] (catalogue, distribution, host, taxonomy)

Koteja, J. 1974. Comparative studies on the labium in the Coccinea (Homoptera). Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej we Warszawie, Rozprawy Naukowe 89: 1-162 [77] (taxonomy)

Koteja, J. 1974. The occurrence of a campaniform sensillum on the tarsus in the Coccinea (Homoptera). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 44: 243-252 [248] (taxonomy)

Koteja, J. 1980. Campaniform, basiconic, coeloconic, and intersegmental sensilla on the antennae in the Coccinea (Homoptera). Acta Biologica Cracoviensia 22: 73-88 [1] (illustration)

Lidgett, J. 1898. Notes and observations on some Victorian Coccidae. The Wombat 3: 80-95 [80] (taxonomy)

Lidgett, J. 1899. A catalogue of Australian Coccidae. The Wombat 4: 37-64 [60] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Lidgett, J. 1901. Australian gall–Coccidae. Science Gossip, London 8: 77-78 [77] (description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Lindinger, L. 1957. Ein weiterer Beitrag zur Synonymie der Cocciden. Beiträge zur Entomologie (Berlin) 7: 543-553 [545] (taxonomy)

McKeown, K.C. 1945. Australian insects 23. Homoptera 4. – Snow-flies and scale insects. Australian Museum Magazine 8: 336-340 [339] (distribution, illustration)

McLachlan, R. 1880. Eucalyptus galls. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 17: 145-147 [146] (taxonomy)

Miller, D.R. & Gimpel, M.E. 2000. A Systematic Catalogue of the Eriococcidae (Felt Scales) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the World. Andover, UK : Intercept Ltd 589 pp. [44-46] (catalogue, description, distribution, host, taxonomy)

Pierce, W.D. 1917. A Manual of Dangerous Insects likely to be Introduced in the United States through Importations. Washington, D.C. : Government Printing Office 256 pp. [99] (distribution, economic importance, host)

Rübsaamen, E.H. 1894. Über australische Zoocecidien und deren Erzeuger. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 39: 199-234 [205] (description, distribution, taxonomy)

Schrader, H.L. 1863. Observations on certain gall-making Coccidae of Australia. Transactions of the Entomological Society of New South Wales 1: 1-6 [2] (taxonomy)

Schrader, H.L. 1863. Ueber gallenbildende Insekten in Australien. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13: 189-192 [189] (taxonomy)

Signoret, V. 1868. Essai sur les cochenilles (Homoptères – Coccides), 1re partie. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 4 8: 503-528 [525] (distribution, taxonomy)

Signoret, V. 1869. Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homoptères – Coccides), 2e partie. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 4 8: 829-876 [861] (catalogue)

Signoret, V. 1877. Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homoptères – Coccides), 18e et dernière partie. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 5 6: 591-676 [597] (taxonomy)

Tepper, J.G.O. 1893. Descriptions of South Australian brachyscelid galls. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 17: 265-280 [271, 273] (description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Tillyard, R.J. 1926. Insects of Australia and New Zealand. Sydney, Australia : Angus and Robertson 560 pp. [173] (behavior, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Weidner, V.H. 1974. Schildlausgallen an Eucalyptusbäumen in Australien. Entomologische Blätter 4: 438-464 [459] (taxonomy)

Williams, D.J. 1991. Superfamily Coccoidea. pp. 457–464 in, Chapter 30. Hemiptera (Bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale insects etc.). pp. 429-509 in CSIRO (ed.). The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press Vol. 1 xiii 542 pp. [463] (illustration)

Woodward, T.E., Evans, J.W. & Eastop, V.F. 1970. Hemiptera (Bugs, leafhoppers etc.). In, Mackerras, I.M. (ed.). The Insects of Australia: a textbook for students and research workers. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press 1029, 8 pls. [429] (illustration)

 

History of changes

Published	As part of group	Action Date	Action Type	Compiler(s)
21-Nov-2012		01-May-2014	MODIFIED
29-Jun-2012		29-Jun-2012	MODIFIED
		12-Feb-2010	(import)