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Family ACHRAMORPHIDAE Borojevic, Boury-Esnault, Manuel & Vacelet, 2002


Compiler and date details

John N.A. Hooper, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Felix Wiedenmayer (1994), Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Basel, Switzerland; updated by John N.A. Hooper (1999)

Introduction

Staurorrhaphidae Jenkin, 1908 have solitary, tubular or sac-shaped growth forms with a well-developed fringe of spicules around the terminal oscule. There is a continuous cortex covering all the choanosome and this is perforated by ostia. There are no ectosomal tetractines and a tangential atrial skeleton is present only in the region of the oscule. Subatrial quadriradiates ('chiactines') (Hooper & Wiedenmayer 1994: figs 159–160) are present and equiangular, symmetrical and asymmetrical triradiates (Hooper & Wiedenmayer 1994: figs 147, 152, 155) and oxeas (Hooper & Wiedenmayer 1994: figs 164–166) are freely scattered in the choanosomal skeleton and projecting through the cortex. The aquiferous system is syconoid or leuconoid.

Staurorrhaphidae is a small family comprising only two genera, Achramorpha and Megapogon, both with Australian representatives, differentiated mainly by the possession of syconoid versus leuconoid water canal system organisation. Some authors have included these genera in the Grantiidae (Hartman 1982) whereas Borojevic (1968) maintains this family as distinct. Burton (1963) further suggested that the two genera are synonyms but this suggestion is rejected given major differences in their aquiferous systems (Borojevic 1968). The few known species are widely distributed from the North Atlantic, NW Pacific to Antarctica, at depths ranging to 500 m (Burton 1963).

Reviews of the genera are given by Dendy & Row (1913), Burton (1963) and Borojevic (1968).

 

Diagnosis

Leucosolenida with a continuous cortex covering all the choanosome. Cortical tetractines are absent. The organisation of the aquiferous system is syconoid, sylleibid or leuconoid. A tangential atrial skeleton is present only in the oscular region. In the atrial cavity, only the paired actines of subatrial chiactines support the atrial surface, while the apical actine is bent and points into the atrial cavity, making its surface hispid.

 

ID Keys

See Order Leucosolenida Diagnosis

 

History of changes

Note that this list may be incomplete for dates prior to September 2013.
Published As part of group Action Date Action Type Compiler(s)
21-Dec-2011 21-Dec-2011 MOVED
12-Feb-2010 (import)