Species Parthenolecanium pruinosum (Coquillett, 1891)
Frosted Scale
- Lecanium pruinosum Coquillett, D.W. 1891. A new scale insect from California. Insect Life (Washington DC) 3: 382-384 [382].
- Lecanium robiniae Townsend, C.H.T. 1892. Scale insects in New Mexico. Bulletin of New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station 7: 1-23 [11].
- Eulecanium robiniae subsimile Cockerell, T.D.A. 1902. Additions to the fauna of Mexico (bees and Coccidae). The Entomologist 35: 177-178 [178].
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
- Sanders, J.G. 1909. The identity and synonymy of some of our soft scale-insects. Journal of Economic Entomology 2: 428-448 [442] (Lecanium robiniae Townsend, 1892; Eulecanium robiniae subsimile Cockerell, 1902)
Ecological Descriptors
Sap-feeder.
ID Keys
(Kosztarab, M., 1996) [358] (female; northeastern North America); (Gill, R.J., 1988) [60] (female; USA, California. See also colour photograph)
GENERAL
Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Gill, R.J. 1988. The Scale Insects of California: Part 1. The Soft Scales (Homoptera : Coccoidea : Coccidae). Sacramento, California : California Dept of Food & Agriculture 132 pp. and by Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale insects of Northeastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Martinsburg, Virginia : Virginia Museum of Natural History 650 pp..
General References
Boratynski, K.L. & Davies, R.G. 1971. The taxonomic value of male Coccoidea (Homoptera) with an evaluation of some numerical techniques. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 3: 57-102 [57-102] (taxonomy)
Cockerell, T.D.A. 1896. A check list of the Coccidae. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History 4: 318-339 [333] (presenting alternative taxonomic arrangement Lecanium (Eulecanium) pruinosum Coquillett, 1891)
Cockerell, T.D.A. 1902. Additions to the fauna of Mexico (bees and Coccidae). The Entomologist 35: 177-178 [177] (host, distribution)
Coquillett, D.W. 1891. A new scale insect from California. Insect Life (Washington DC) 3: 382-384 [382-384] (taxonomy, description, host, distribution)
Dreistadt, S.H. 1996. Citricola scale (Homoptera: Coccidae) abundance on Chinese hackberry and scale control with spray oil or acephate trunk implants. Journal of Economic Entomology 89: 481-487 [481-487] (taxonomy, economic importance, chemical control)
Fernald, M.E. 1903. A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College 88: 1-360 [193, 196] (catalogue)
Ferris, G.F. 1920. Scale insects of the Santa Cruz Peninsula. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences 1: 1-57 [37] (host, distribution)
Gill, R.J. 1988. The Scale Insects of California: The Soft Scales (Homoptera : Coccoidea : Coccidae). Sacramento, California : California Dept of Food & Agriculture Part 1 132 pp. [60, 63-65, 69] (taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution)
Johnson, W.T. & Lyon, H.H. 1988. Insects that Feed on Trees and Shrubs. Ithaca, N.Y. : Comstock Pub. Associates 556 pp. (life history, host, distribution)
King, G.B. 1901. The Coccidae of British North America. The Canadian Entomologist 33: 193-200 [196] (host, distribution)
Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale insects of Northeastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Martinsburg, Virginia : Virginia Museum of Natural History 650 pp. [358, 365-367] (taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution, life history, biological control)
Kozár, F., Humble, L.M., Foottit, R.G. & Otvos, I.S. 1989. New and little known scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) from British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 86: 70-77 [74] (host, distribution)
Kozár, F. & Walter, J. 1985. Check-list of the Palaearctic Coccoidea (Homoptera). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 46: 63-110 [78] (catalogue)
Nakahara, S. 1981. The proper placement of the Nearctic soft scale species assigned to the genus Lecanium Burmeister (Homoptera: Coccidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 83: 283-286 [285] (taxonomy)
Sanders, J.G. 1909. The identity and synonymy of some of our soft scale-insects. Journal of Economic Entomology 2: 428-448 [442] (taxonomy)
Townsend, C.H.T. 1892. Scale insects in New Mexico. Bulletin of New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station 7: 1-23 [11-12] (taxonomy, description, host, distribution)
Common Name References
Naumann, I.D., Ingram, R.J. & Floyd, R. 2002. Australian Insect Common Names, based on CSIRO Handbook of Australian Insect Names. 6th edn 1993. http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/. (cited also by
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21-Nov-2012 | 01-May-2014 | MODIFIED | ||
| 29-Jun-2012 | 29-Jun-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 12-Feb-2010 | (import) |