Species Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss, 1817)
Koala
Generic Combinations
- Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss, 1817).
Distribution
States
Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria
Extra Distribution Information
Reintroduced to Adelaide area and Kangaroo Is., SA and introduced at Yanchep, WA.
IBRA
ACT, NSW, Qld, Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Flinders (FLI), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Wet Tropics (WT)
Ecological Descriptors
Folivore, nocturnal, open forest, sedentary, subtropical, tall open forest.
General References
Baker, M.L., Canfield, P.J., Gemmell, R.T., Spencer, P.B.S. & Agar, N.S. 1995. Erythrocyte metabolism in the koala, the common brushtail possum and the whiptail wallaby. Comparative Haematology International 5: 163-169
Bush, M. Graves, J.A.M., O'Brien, S.J. & Wilde, D.E. 1990. Dissociative anaesthesia in free ranging male koalas and selected marsupials in captivity. Australian Veterinary Journal 67: 449-451
Canfield, P.J., Gee, D.R. & Wigney, D.I. 1989. Urinalysis in captive koalas. Australian Veterinary Journal 66: 376-377
Canfield, P.M., O'Neill, M.E. & Smith, E.F. 1989. Haemotological and biochemical reference values for the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Australian Veterinary Journal 66: 324-326
Cleva, G.M., Stone, G.M. & Dickens, R.K. 1994. Seasonal changes in haematocrit in captive koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). Australian Journal of Zoology 42: 233-236
Cleva, G.M., Stone, G.M. & Dickens, R.K. 1994. Variation in reproductive parameters in the captive male koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Reproduction, Fertility and Development 6: 713-720
Cocciolone, R.A. & Timms, P. 1992. DNA profiling of Queensland koalas reveals sufficient variability for individual identification and parentage determination. Wildlife Research 19: 279-287
Cork, S.J. 1986. Foliage of Eucalyptus punctata and the maintenance nitrogen requirements of koalas, Phascolarctos cinereus. Australian Journal of Zoology 34: 17-23
Cork, S.J. 1990. Digestive physiology of koalas. Proceedings of the Australian Physiological and Pharmacological Society 21: 95-104
Cork, S.J., Hume, I.D. & Dawson, T.J. 1983. Digestion and metabolism of a natural foliar diet (Eucalyptus punctata) by an arboreal marsupial, the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Journal of Comparative Physiology B 153: 181-190
Cork, S.J. & Hume, I.D. 1983. Microbial digestion in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus, Marsupialia), an arboreal folivore. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 152: 131-136
Cork, S.J. & Warner, A.C.I. 1983. The passage of digesta markers through the gut of a folivorous marsupial, the koala Phascolarctos cinereus. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 152: 43-52
Cronin, L. (ed.) 1987. Koala: Australia's endearing marsupial. French's Forest : Reed Books 135 pp.
Davidson, C.V. & Young, W.G. 1990. The muscles of mastication of Phascolarctos cinereus (Phascolarctidae: Marsupialia). Australian Journal of Zoology 38: 227-240
Degabriele, R. 1983. Nitrogen and the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): some indirect evidence. Australian Journal of Ecology 8: 75-76
de Miguel, C. & Henneberg, M. 1998. Encephalization of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus. Australian Mammalogy 20: 315-320
Ellis, W.A.H., Melzer, A., Green, B., Newgrain, K. Hindell, M.A. & Carrick, F.N. 1995. Seasonal variation in water flux, field metabolic rate and food consumption of free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). Australian Journal of Zoology 43: 231-240
Ellis, W.A.H., Sullivan, B.J., Lisle, A.T. & Carrick, F.N. 1998. The spatial and temporal distribution of koala faecal pellets. Wildlife Research 25: 669-676
Ellis, W.A.H., White, N.A., Kunst, N.D. & Carrick, F.N. 1990. Response of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) to re-introduction to the wild after rehabilitation. Australian Wildlife Research 17: 421-426
Ellis, W.A.H. & Carrick, F.N. 1992. Total body water and the estimation of fat in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Australian Veterinary Journal 69: 229-231
Every, K.R. 1986. Evaluation of a decline in population of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss) in Ventnor Reserve, Phillip Is., Victoria, by means of a triple count technique. Australian Wildlife Research 13: 517-525
Faulks, J. 1991. A preliminary investigation of the distribution of koalas and their potential habitat in the Tweed Shire, and implications for management. The Australian Zoologist 27: 1-13
Gordon, G. 1991. Estimation of age of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Marsupialia: Phascolarctidae) from tooth wear and growth. Australian Mammalogy 14: 5-12
Gordon, G., Brown, A.S. & Pulsford, T. 1988. A koala (Phascolarctos cinereus Goldfuss) population crash during drought and heatwave conditions in south-western Queensland. Australian Journal of Ecology 13: 451-461
Haight, J.R. & Nelson, J.E. 1987. A brain that doesn't fit its skull: A comparative study of the brain and endocranium of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Marsupialia: Phascolarctidae). pp. 331-352 in Archer, M. (ed.). Possums and Opossums: studies in evolution. Sydney : Surrey Beatty & Sons with the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 2 vols lxxii 788 pp.
Hajdul, P., Copland, M.D. & Schultz, D.A. 1992. Effects of capture on haematological values and plasma cortisol levels of free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 28: 502-506
Harding, H.R., Carrick, F.N. & Shorey, C.D. 1987. The affinities of the koala Phascolarctos cinereus (Marsupialia: Phascolarctidae) on the basis of sperm ultrastructure and development. pp. 353-364 in Archer, M. (ed.). Possums and Opossums: studies in evolution. Sydney : Surrey Beatty & Sons with the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 2 vols lxxii 788 pp.
Hemsley, S., Govendir, M., Canfield, P.J. & Connolly, J.H. 1998. Diabetes mellitus in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Australian Veterinary Journal 76: 203-208
Hindell, M.A. & Lee, A.K. 1987. Habitat use and tree preferences of koalas in a mixed eucalypt forest. Australian Wildlife Research 14: 349-360
Hindell, M.A. & Lee, A.K. 1988. Tree use by individual koalas in a natural forest. Australian Wildlife Research 15: 1-7
Hirst, L.W., Brown, A.S., Kempster, R., Hall, J. & Woolcock, J.B. 1992. Keratitis in free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) on Magnetic Island, Townsville. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 28: 424-427
Hirst, L.W., Brown, A.S., Kempster, R. & Winney, N. 1992. Opthalmic examination of the normal eye of the koala. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 28: 419-423
Houlden, B.A., England, P. & Sherwin, W.B. 1996. Paternity exclusion in koalas using hypervariable microsatellites. Journal of Heredity 87: 149-151
Houlden, B.A., England, P.R., Taylor, A.C., Greville, W.D. & Sherwin, W.B. 1996. Low genetic variability of the koala Phascolarctos cinereus in south-eastern Australia following a severe population bottleneck. Molecular Ecology 5: 269-281
Hume, I.D. & Esson, C. 1993. Nutrients, antinutrients and leaf selection by captive koalas, Phascolarctos cinereus. Australian Journal of Zoology 41: 379-392
Hyman, R. 1993. Check the fine print, mate. International Wildlife Jan-Feb 1993: 21-23 [foot prints for individual identification]
Johnston, S.D., McGowan, M.R., Carrick, F.N. & Tribe, A. 1993. Preliminary investigations into the feasibility of freezing Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) semen. Australian Veterinary Journal 70: 424-425
Kratzing, J.E. 1984. The anatomy and histology of the nasal cavity of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Journal of Anatomy 138: 55-66
Krockenberger, A.K. 1996. Composition of the milk of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, an arboreal folivore. Physiological Zoology 69: 701-718
Krockenberger, A.K., Hume, I.D. & Cork, S.J. 1998. Production of milk and nutrition of the dependent young of free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). Physiological Zoology 71: 45-56
Lanyon, J.M. & Sanson, G.D. 1986. Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) dentition and nutrition. I. Morphology and occlusion of cheek teeth. Journal of Zoology, London A 209: 155-168
Lanyon, J.M. & Sanson, G.D. 1986. Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) dentition and nutrition II. Implications of tooth wear in nutrition. Journal of Zoology, London 209: 169-181
Lee, A.K. 1988. Life histories of marsupials, with particular reference to the life history of the koala. pp. 613-621 in Anon. (ed.). Australian Wildlife. The John Keep refresher course for veterinarians. Sydney : Postgraduate Committee in Veterinary Science. University of Sydney.
Lee, A.K., Handasyde, K.A. & Sanson, G.D. (eds) 1991. Biology of the koala. Chipping Norton : Surrey Beatty 336 pp. [Includes research papers on all aspects of koala biology]
Martin, R.W. 1985. Overbrowsing, and decline of a population of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, in Victoria I. Food preference and food tree defoliation. Australian Wildlife Research 12: 355-365
Martin, R.W. 1985. Overbrowsing, and decline of a population of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, in Victoria II. Population condition. Australian Wildlife Research 12: 367-375
Martin, R.W. 1985. Overbrowsing and decline of a population of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, in Victoria. III. Population dynamics. Australian Wildlife Research 12: 377-386
Martin, R.W. & Handasyde, K.A. 1995. Koala Phascolarctos cinereus. pp. 196-198 in Strahan, R. (ed.). The Mammals of Australia: The National Photographic Index of Australian Wildlife. Sydney : Reed New Holland 756 pp.
Martin, R.W. & Lee, A. 1984. The koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, the largest marsupial folivore. pp. 463-467 in Smith, A. & Hume, I. (eds). Possums and Gliders. Sydney : Surrey Beatty & Sons, Australian Mammal Society 598 pp.
McOrist, S. & Thomas, K.W. 1984. Levels of trace elements in the liver and diet of free-living koalas, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 20: 220-225
Melzer, A. & Lamb, D. 1994. Low density populations of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) in central Queensland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 104: 89-93
Munks, S.A., Corkrey, R. & Foley, W.J. 1996. Characteristics of arboreal marsupial habitat in the semi-arid woodlands of Northern Queensland. Wildlife Research 23: 185-195
Nagy, K.A. & Martin, R.W. 1985. Field metabolic rate, water flux, food consumption and time budget of koalas, Phascolarctos cinereus (Marsupialia: Phascolarctidae) in Victoria. Australian Journal of Zoology 33: 655-665
Obendorf, D.L. 1983. Causes of mortality and morbidity of wild koalas, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss), in Victoria, Australia. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 19: 123-131
Osawa, R. 1993. Dietary preference of koalas Phascolarctos cinereus (Marsupialia : Phascolarctidae) for Eucalyptus spp. with a specific reference to their simple sugar contents. Australian Mammalogy 16: 85-87
Osawa, R., Bird, P.S., Habrow, D.J., Ogimoto, K. & Seymour, G.J. 1993. Microbiological studies of the intestinal microflora of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus. I. Colonisation of the caecal wall by tannin-protein-complex-degrading enterobacteria. Australian Journal of Zoology 41: 599-609
Osawa, R., Blanshard, W.H. & O'Callaghan, P.G. 1993. Microbiological studies of the intestinal microflora of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus. II. Pap, a special maternal faeces consumed by juvenile koalas. Australian Journal of Zoology 41: 611-620
Ough, K., Handasyde, K.A., Martin, R.W. & Lee, A.K. 1988. Koalas in tea-tree. Victorian Naturalist 105: 17-18
Pass, M.A. & Brown, A.S. 1991. Liver function in normal koalas and macropods. Australian Veterinary Journal 67: 151-152
Rezakhani, A., Atwell, R.B. & Webster, J.D. 1986. The electrocardiogram of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Australian Veterinary Journal 63: 264-266
Robinson, A.C., Spark, R. & Halstead, C. 1989. The distribution and management of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) in South Australia. South Australian Naturalist 64: 4-24
Short, J. & Turner, B. 1993. The distribution and abundance of the burrowing bettong (Marsupialia: Macropodoidea). Wildlife Research 20: 524-534
Smith, P. & Smith, J. 1990. Decline of the urban koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) population in Warringah Shire, Sydney. The Australian Zoologist 26: 109-129
Spencer, A.J. & Canfield, P.J. 1994. Age-related changes in the haematology of young koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) up to one year old. Comparative Haematology International 4: 146-151
Taylor, A.C., Graves, J.A.M., Murray, N.D. & Sherwin, W.B. 1991. Conservation genetics of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). 2. Limited variability in minisatellite DNA sequences. Biochemical Genetics 29: 355-364
Taylor, A.C., Graves, J.M., Murray, N.D., O'Brien, S.J., Yuhki, N. & Sherwin, B. 1997. Conservation genetics of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): Low mitochondrial DNA variation amongst southern Australian populations. Genetical Research 69: 25-33
Thomas, K.W., McOrist, S., Hudson, R.E. & McCaughan, C.J. 1986. Copper metabolism in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) as indicated by a ceruloplasmin stimulation test. Physiological Zoology 59: 29-34
Weigler, B.J., Booth, R.J., Osawa, R. & Carrick, F.N. 1987. Causes of morbidity and mortality in 75 free-ranging and captive koalas in south east Queensland, Australia. Veterinary Record 121: 571-572
Wilkinson, R., Kotlarski, I. & Barton, M. 1994. Further characterisation of the immune response of the koala. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 40: 325-339
Wilmer, J.M.W., Melzer, A., Carrick, F. & Moritz, C. 1993. Low genetic diversity and inbreeding depression in Queensland koalas. Wildlife Research 20: 177-188
Young, W.G. & Robson, S.K. 1987. Jaw movements from microwear on the molar teeth of the koala Phascolarctos cinereus. Journal of Zoology, London 213: 51-61
Zoidis, A.M. & Markowitz, H. 1992. Findings from a feeding study of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus adustus) at the San Fransisco Zoo. Zoo Biology 11: 417-432
Common Name References
ABRS 2001. Census of Australian Vertebrates. Australian Biological Resources Study. (Koala)
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29-Oct-2010 | 29-Oct-2010 | MOVED | ||
| 12-Feb-2010 | (import) |