Subgenus Halichondria (Halichondria) Fleming, 1828

Museums

Regional Maps

• Halichondria Fleming, J. 1828. A History of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, mollusca, and radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. Edinburgh (London) : Bell & Bradfute (and James Duncan) xxiii, 565 pp. [520].

  Type species:

   Spongia panicea Pallas, 1766 by subsequent designation, see Bowerbank, J.S. 1862. On the anatomy and physiology of the Spongiadae. Part III. On the generic characters, the specific characters, and on the method of examination. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 152: 1087-1135 pls 72-74 [1113].
• Eumastia Schmidt, E.O. 1870. Grundzüge einer Spongien-Fauna des Atlantischen Gebietes. Leipzig : Engelmann 88 pp. 6 pls. [42] [type species transferred to Halichondria Fleming, 1828 by Koltun, V.M. 1959. The Cornacuspongida of the northern and far eastern seas of the U.S.S.R. pp. 1-236 43 pls in, Keys to the Fauna of the U.S.S.R. Vol. 67 Published by the Zoological Institute, Akademia Nauk SSSR. [in Russian]; see also Topsent, E. 1915. Spongiaires recueillies par la Scotia dans l'Antarctique (1903–1904). Supplement. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 51: 35–43 (38)].

  Type species:

   Eumastia sitiens Schmidt, 1870 by monotypy.
• Pyloderma Kirkpatrick, R. 1908. Porifera. II. Tetraxonida. National Antarctic Expedition 1901–1904. Natural History London : British Museum Vol. 4 1–56 pls 8–26. [51].

  Type species:

   Halichondria latrunculioides Ridley & Dendy, 1886 by monotypy.
• Raspaigella Schmidt, E.O. 1868. Die Spongien der Küste von Algier. Mit Nachträgen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres. Leipzig : Engelmann 44 pp. 5 pls. [25].

  Type species:

   Raspaigella brunnea Schmidt, 1868 by monotypy.
• Spuma Miklucho-Maclay, N.N. 1870. Ueber einige Schwämme des nördlichen stillen Oceans und des Eismeeres. Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie und Verbreitung der Spongien. Mémoires de l'Academie Imperial de la Société des Sciences, Saint Pétersburg 7 15(3): 13 [13].

  Type species:

   Spuma borealis Miklucho-maclay, 1870 by monotypy.
• Menanetia Topsent, E. 1896. Matériaux pour servir à l'étude de la faune des Spongiaires de France. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France 9: 113-133 [115].

  Type species:

   Menanetia minchini Topsent, 1896 by monotypy.
• Halichondriella Burton, M. 1931. Studies on Norwegian sponges. I. Kongelige Norske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhanglinger 4: 136-143 [139].

  Type species:

   Halichondirella corticata Burton, 1931 by monotypy.
• Trachyopsilla Burton, M. 1931. Studies on Norwegian sponges. I. Kongelige Norske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhanglinger 4: 136-143 [138].

  Type species:

   Trachyopsilla glaberrima Burton, 1931 by monotypy.
• Ciocalapata Laubenfels, M.W. de 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. (Tortugas Lab. Paper No. 467). Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington 30: 1-225 22 pls 1 map [134].

  Type species:

   Ciocalypta amorphosa Ridley & Dendy, 1886 by original designation.
• Cioxeamastia Laubenfels, M.W. de 1942. Porifera from Greenland and Baffinland collected by Capt. Robert A. Bartlett. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 32: 263-269 [139].

  Type species:

   Cioxeamastia polycalypta Laubenfels, 1942 by monotypy.
• Seriatula Gray, J.E. 1867. Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the description of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 492-558 pls 27-28 [515] [objective synonym of Halichondria by synonymy of Spongia seriata Grant, 1826 with Halichondria panicea Pallas, 1766, as determined by Howson & Chambers, 1998].

  Type species:

   Spongia seriata Grant, 1826 by monotypy.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• van Soest, R.W.M., Diaz, M.C. & Pomponi, S.A. 1990. Phylogenetic classification of the halichondrids (Porifera, Demospongiae). Beaufortia 40(2): 15-62 (full generic synonymy)
• Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1–620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [207]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA and IMCRA regions

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Diagnosis

Halichondria with smooth or digitate surface.

ID Keys

Key to subgenera of Halichondria
(1) Surface densely covered with short conical papillae .................................................. Eumastia
Surface smooth or digitate, no continuous cover with conical papillae ............................. Halichondria

Diagnosis References

Erpenbeck, D. & van Soest, R.W.M. 2002. Family Halichondriidae Gray, 1867. pp. 787-816 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [800]

History of changes