History of changes

Introduction

The Notonectidae, or backswimmers, are a nepomorphan group of aquatic bugs presently comprising 11 genera and 400 species (Truxal 1979; Slater 1982; Zoological Record 1980–1994; Henry 2009; Polhemus, J.T. pers. comm.).

Notonectids are medium sized, strongly convex dorsally, flattened ventrally and tapered caudally. The head is convex, transverse and opisthognathous, with a distinct anteclypeus. The eyes are large, reniform and occupy most of the head. Ocelli are absent. The antennae are short, 3 or 4-segmented, not visible from above, and are housed beneath the eye. The labium is short, stout and 4-segmented. The pronotum is subtrapezoidal, the anterior margin is obtuse and the posterior margin is usually emarginate. The scutellum is large and triangular. The forewing is roof-like and differentiated into a clavus and corium, with the membrane coriaceous and without veins. The fore- and midlegs are adapted for grasping. The hind legs are adapted for swimming and are long, flattened, oar-like and densely fringed with hair. The tarsi are usually 2-segmented, although Anisops Spinola species have 1-segmented foretarsi. The pretarsi have two claws which are greatly reduced in the hind legs. Metathoracic glands are present in the Notonectinae and absent in the Anisopinae. In the notonectines the glands open mid ventrally and have paired lateral accessory glands. The larvae of both subfamilies lack dorsal abdominal glands. The ventral surface of the abdomen has a prominent, median, hairy keel, and reflexed, hair-fringed lateral margins, which form two longitudinal channels that function as air chambers. The male genitalia are either symmetrical or asymmetrical. The females have a well-developed laciniate ovipositor (Truxal 1979; Slater 1982).

Notonectids are most noted for swimming on their backs, like the Pleidae and Helotrephidae. They are most commonly encountered in still waters of ponds and lakes, with a few species known from streams. They are usually found near the water surface. Like other nepomorphans, notonectids are predaceous, feeding mostly on other aquatic arthropods but occasionally on small fish and other aquatic vertebrates. The biology of some backswimmers has been reviewed by Hungerford (1920) and Truxal (1979). Lansbury (1968) gave a detailed summary of the biology of Enithares Spinola.

The Notonectidae are divided into two subfamilies, the Anisopinae and Notonectinae, with the latter divided into three tribes: Aphelonectini, Notonectini and Nychiini (Štys & Jansson 1988). Zettel (1993) recently synonymised the Aphelonectini with the Notonectini. The Anisopinae are readily separated from the Notonectinae by the presence of a pit at the anterior end of the hemelytral commissure. The Anisopinae are represented by the Old World genera Anisops Spinola, Paranisops Hale and Walambianisops Lansbury and the Western Hemisphere genus Buenoa Kirkaldy. The Notonectinae are represented by two tribes, the Notonectini (Aphelonecta Lansbury, Enithares Spinola, Enitharoides Brooks and Notonecta Linnaeus), and Nychiini (Martarega White, Neonychia Hungerford and Nychia Stål). Keys to the genera and suprageneric groups have been provided by Lansbury (1968) and Poisson (1966).

The Australian fauna includes members of both notonectid subfamilies, six genera and 43 species. The Anisopinae are represented by 32 species of Anisops. The genus is widely distributed in Australia and found in all states and territories. A number of ubiquitous tropical species are also found in Melanesia and the Oriental Region. Brooks (1951) revised the genus Anisops, described 11 new species and provided keys to species and comprehensive descriptions. The anisopines are also represented by two endemic monotypic Australian genera: Paranisops and Walambianisops. In several reviews of notonectids, Lansbury (1964, 1969, 1975, 1984, 1991, 1995a, 1995b) described new species, and gave keys and detailed distributional data. The Notonectinae are represented in Australia by eight species. The Notonectini are represented by Enithares (five species) and Notonecta (two species). Lansbury (1968) revised the genus Enithares in the Oriental Region, with reference to Australian species. The two Notonecta species are possibly synonymous (Polhemus, J.T., pers. comm.) but are retained as separate species in the Catalogue pending further examination. Lansbury (1985) reviewed Nychia, recognising only one species, N. sappho Kirkaldy, which is found in tropical Northern Territory and Queensland, and the Oriental Region. Sweeney (1965) gave a detailed account of the distribution of notonectids in south-eastern Australia. Lansbury (1981) summarised the distribution of the continental fauna, adding an anecdotal account of their affinities. Andersen & Weir (2004b) provided a key to the Australian notonectids.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519

Henry, T.J. 2009. Biodiversity of the Heteroptera. pp. 223–263 in Foottit, R.G. & Adler P.H. (eds). Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell.

Hungerford, H.B. 1920. The biology and ecology of aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 11: 1-328

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65

Lansbury, I. 1968. The Enithares (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae) of the Oriental region. Pacific Insects 10: 353-442

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458

Lansbury, I. 1975. Notes on additions, changes and the distribution of the Australian water-bug fauna (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 36: 17-23

Lansbury, I. 1981. Aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs (Hemiptera) of Australia. pp. 1195-1211 in Keast, A. (ed.). Ecological Biogeography of Australia. The Hague : Dr. W. Junk Vol. 2(4).

Lansbury, I. 1984. Some Nepomorpha (Corixidae, Notonectidae and Nepidae) (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of north-west Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 108: 35-49

Lansbury, I. 1985. Notes on the identity of Nychia Stål (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae) in Australia. Occasional Papers of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 2: 1-9

Lansbury, I. 1991. Naucoridae and Notonectidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of the Northern Territory, Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 8: 103-114

Lansbury, I. 1995. Notes on the Corixidae and Notonectidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of southern Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 17: 181-189

Lansbury, I. 1995. Notes on the genus Anisops Spinola (Hemiptera - Heteroptera, Notonectidae) of the Northern Territory and Western Australia. The Beagle 12: 65-74

Poisson, R. 1966. Catalogue des Hétéroptères Notonectidae Leach, 1815, africano-malagaches. Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire A 28: 729-768

Slater, J.A. 1982. Hemiptera. pp. 417-447 in Parker, S.P. (ed.). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. New York : McGraw Hill Book Co.

Štys, P. & Jansson, A. 1988. Check-list of recent family-group and genus-group names of Nepomorpha (Heteroptera) of the world. Acta Entomologica Fennica 50: 1-44

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94

Truxal, F.S. 1979. Family Notonectidae—Backswimmers. pp. 139-147 in Menke, A.S. (ed.). The Semiaquatic and Aquatic Hemiptera of California (Heteroptera: Hemiptera). Berkeley : University of California Press.

Zettel, H. 1993. Aphelonecta gigas n.sp. aus Sarawak (Borneo) mit Bermerkungen zur Stellung der Gattung in einem phylogenetischen system (Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Linzer Biologische Beiträge 25: 661-667

History of changes

History of changes

• Anisops Spinola, M.M. 1837. Essai sur les genres d'insectes appartenants à l'ordre des Hémiptères Lin. ou Rhyngotes Fab. et à la section des Hétéroptères, Dufour. Gênes, Chez Yves Gravier 1837: 1-383, 15 tables [58].

  Type species:

   Anisops sardeus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1849 (=Anisops niveus (Fabricius, 1775)) by monotypy.
• Micranisops Hutchinson, G.E. 1929. A revision of the Notonectidae and Corixidae of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 25: 359-474 [377] [first introduced as a subgenus of Anisops Spinola, 1837].

  Type species:

   Anisops apicalis Stål, 1856 (=Anispos elegans Fieber, 1851) by monotypy.
• Anisopoides Hutchinson, G.E. 1929. A revision of the Notonectidae and Corixidae of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 25: 359-474 [378] [first introduced as a subgenus of Anisops Spinola, 1837].

  Type species:

   Anisops (Anisopoides) aglaia Hutchinson, 1929 by monotypy.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [304]
• Lansbury, I. 1966. New synonymy in the genus Anisops (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13 9: 293-296 [293]

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Afrotropical, Palaearctic and Oriental regions; Micronesia; Melanesia; Polynesia.

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Channel Country (CHC), Coolgardie (COO), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Gawler (GAW), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Kanmantoo (KAN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Victorian Midlands (VM) ; ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic, WA: Cobar Peneplain (CP), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP) ; ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET) ; NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic: Central Ranges (CR) ; NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Pilbara (PIL) ; NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, WA: Brigalow Belt North (BBN) ; NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic, WA: Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD) ; NSW, NT, Qld, SA, WA: Carnarvon (CAR), Gascoyne (GAS), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Murchison (MUR), Riverina (RIV), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT) ; NSW, Qld, SA: Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD) ; NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic: South East Corner (SEC) ; NSW, Qld, SA, Vic, WA: Jarrah Forest (JF), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), Sturt Plateau (STU) ; NSW, Qld, Tas, WA: Tasmanian South East (TSE) ; NT: Burt Plain (BRT) ; NT, Qld, WA: Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Northern Kimberley (NK), Pine Creek (PCK) ; NT, WA: Ord Victoria Plain (OVP) ; Tas, Vic: Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Distribution References

General References

Amyot, C.J.B. & Audinet-Serville, J.G. 1843. Histoire Naturelle des Insects. Hémiptères. Paris : Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Rue Hautefeuille 10 B13 676 pp. [15, 22, 40] (description)

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Champion, G.C. 1901. Insecta: Rhynchota (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). pp. 1-416 in Godman, F.D. & Salvin, O. (eds). Biologia Centrali-Americana; or, contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and central America, Zoology. London : Dulau Vol. 2 xvi 416 pp., 22 pls. [1897: 1–32; 1898: 33–192; 1899: 193–304; 1900: 305–344; 1901: xvi 345–416] [371] (Neotropical Region)

Esaki, T. 1928. Aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera. pp. 67–80 in, Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial Arthropoda. Part II. Hemiptera. Fasc. 2. London : William Clowes & Sons Ltd. [76] (Samoa)

Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [400] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1961. Notes on the genus Anisops (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) in the Hungarian National History Museum. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici (Zoologica) 53: 505-506 (taxonomy)

Lansbury, I. 1962. Notes on the genus Anisops in Bishop Museum (Hem.: Notonectidae). Pacific Insects 4: 141-151 (taxonomy)

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 (Australia)

Lansbury, I. 1968. The Enithares (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae) of the Oriental region. Pacific Insects 10: 353-442 [355, 357] (note)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 (Australia)

Linnavuori, R.E. 1981. Hemiptera of Nigeria, with remarks on some species of the adjacent countries 1. The aquatic and semiaquatic families, Saldidae and Leptopodidae. Acta Entomologica Fennica 37: 1-39 [6] (Afrotropical Region)

Poisson, R. 1951. Ordre des Hétéroptères. (Heteroptera Latreille, 1810—Frontirostres Fallén, 1814). pp. 1657-1803 in Grassé, P.P. (ed.). Traité de Zoologie: Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie. Insectes supérieurs et Hémiptéroides. Paris : Masson & Cie Vol. 10. [1684, 1687, 1707, 1728, 1750, 1754] (morphology, list)

History of changes

• Anisops ayersi Reichart, C.V. 1982. An addition to the genus Anisops of Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 84: 366-368 [366].

  Type data:

   Holotype ANIC ♂, Initi waterhole, Ayers Rock, NT.
  Paratype(s) ANIC ♀; CREIC.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

NT: MacDonnell Ranges (MAC)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

History of changes

• Anisops barrenensis Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [402].

  Type data:

   Holotype KU ♂, Barron River, near Barron Waters (as Barren River, near Barren Waters), QLD.
  Paratype(s) KU 21♂ 30♀; MCZ ♂ 2♀.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Coen, near Ipswich, plus type locality.

IBRA

Qld: Cape York Peninsula (CYP), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52, 55] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [434, 445, figs 40-42] (incorrect subsequent spelling, as Anisops barrensis)

Lansbury, I. 1975. Notes on additions, changes and the distribution of the Australian water-bug fauna (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 36: 17-23 [19] (distribution)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88] (list)

History of changes

• Anisops baylii Lansbury, I. 1995. Notes on the Corixidae and Notonectidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of southern Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 17: 181-189.

  Type data:

   Holotype ♂, Lake Mt Brown, Swan Coastal Plain, Perth, Western Australia.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IBRA

WA: Swan Coastal Plain (SWA)

History of changes

• Anisops calcaratus Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [416].

  Type data:

   Lectotype SAMA ♂, Bordertown, SA.
  Paralectotype(s) SAMA ♂ 4♀.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [461-462]; Cassis, G. & Gross, G.F. 1995. Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Coleorrhuncha to Cimicomorpha). pp. 1-501 in Houston, W.W.K. & Maynard, G.V. (eds). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha to Cimicomorpha. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 27.3A xv 506 pp. [244] (interpret Brooks' incorrect inference of holotype as a lectotype designation (Art. 74, ICZN 1985)).

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Cunnamulla, NSW—Coonabarabran, Cobar, Cootamundra, Hermidale, Sydney, Trangie, ACT—Canberra, VIC—Bairnsdale, SA—Oodla Wirra.

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Vic: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Mulga Lands (ML), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South Eastern Highlands (SEH)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [64, figs 85-89] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [433, 456] (key, distribution)

Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [145] (list)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88, 90, fig. 2a] (key, distribution)

History of changes

• Anisops canaliculata Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [367].

  Type data:

   Holotype KU ♂, Barron River, near Barron Waters (as Barren River, near Barren Waters), QLD.
  Paratype(s) KU 3♂ 8♀.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Ingham, Petrie, Townsville.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [434, 443, figs 33-36]

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88, 92, fig. 3a] (distribution)

History of changes

• Anisops deanei Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [381].

  Type data:

   Holotype KU ♂, Bogan River (as Began River), NSW.
  Paratype(s) KU 34♂ 25♀.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Brisbane, Cunnamulla, near Ipswich, St George district, NSW—Belubula, Bogan River, Dunedoo, Royal National Park, Sydney, SA—Bordertown, Chambers Gorge, Everard Ranges, Flinders Ranges, Murray River, Port Willunga, NT—Palm Valley.

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Ranges (CR), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Kanmantoo (KAN), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Sydney Basin (SB), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1961. Notes on the genus Anisops (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) in the Hungarian National History Museum. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici (Zoologica) 53: 505-506 [505] (incorrect subsquent spelling as Anisops deaneri)

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [62, figs 71-84] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [434, 455, figs 88, 89] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1975. Notes on additions, changes and the distribution of the Australian water-bug fauna (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 36: 17-23 [19] (distribution)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88, 90, fig. 1b] (key, distribution)

History of changes

• Anisops doris Kirkaldy, G.W. 1904. Über Notonectiden (Hemiptera). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 23: 93-135 [112].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) KU ♂ 2♀, Alexandra, VIC (as Alexandria, Viktoria, Australien).

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Brisbane, Dalby, Gladstone, NSW—Armidale, Belubula, Glen Innes, Mittagong, Tamworth, ACT—Black Mountain, Murrumbidgee River, VIC—Coromby, Melbourne, SA—Adelaide, Flinders Ranges, Kangaroo Is., Mt Lofty Ranges, Myponga Swamps, Port Willunga.

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Kanmantoo (KAN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, nocturnal, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [395, pl. 46 fig. 53] (description)

Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [402-403, fig. 364, pl. 11 fig. 11] (description)

Hale, H.M. 1924. Notes on eggs, habits and migration of some Australian aquatic bugs. (Corixidae and Notonectidae). South Australian Naturalist 5: 133-135 pl. I [135] (migration)

Hale, H.M. 1935. Some aquatic Hemiptera from Western Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 59: 249-251 [249] (WA, possible misidentification)

Hungerford, H.B. 1934. Concerning some aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera from Australia. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29: 68-73 [68] (biology)

Lansbury, I. 1962. Notes on the genus Anisops in Bishop Museum (Hem.: Notonectidae). Pacific Insects 4: 141-151 [141] (distribution)

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [433, 437, figs 11-17] (key, description)

Lansbury, I. 1984. Some Nepomorpha (Corixidae, Notonectidae and Nepidae) (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of north-west Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 108: 35-49 [38-39] (note)

Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [145] (list)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88, 92, fig. 3a] (key, distribution)

History of changes

• Anisops dostini Lansbury, I. 1991. Naucoridae and Notonectidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of the Northern Territory, Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 8: 103-114 [110].

  Type data:

   Holotype NTM ♂, Gulungul billabong, 12º38´S 132º53´E, NT.
  Paratype(s) NTM ♂ 2♀ (Institution uncertain); OUM.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

History of changes

• Anisops douglasi Lansbury, I. 1984. Some Nepomorpha (Corixidae, Notonectidae and Nepidae) (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of north-west Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 108: 35-49 [37].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM 79–294–317 ♂, Port Warrender, Kimberley region, WA.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

WA: Northern Kimberley (NK)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

History of changes

• Anisops elkedraensis Lansbury, I. 1995. Notes on the genus Anisops Spinola (Hemiptera - Heteroptera, Notonectidae) of the Northern Territory and Western Australia. The Beagle 12: 65-74.

  Type data:

   Holotype NTM ♂, Northern Territory, Elkedra River [21°13 'S -135°085'E].

Distribution

States

Northern Territory

IBRA

NT: Burt Plain (BRT)

History of changes

• Anisops elstoni Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [326].

  Type data:

   Holotype KU ♂, Myponga, SA.
  Paratype(s) KU 5♂ 8♀; MCZ 3♂ 3♀.
• Anisops depressa Lansbury, I. 1962. Notes on the genus Anisops in Bishop Museum (Hem.: Notonectidae). Pacific Insects 4: 141-151 [145].

  Type data:

   Holotype BPBM ♀, Wisselmeren, Tage Lake, Irian Jaya, Indonesia (as Dutch Neu Guinea).

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Lansbury, I. 1978. Comments on the species concept in some Australian Anisops Spinola (Hemiptera: Notonectidae). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 39: 101-115 [106] (also possible synonymy of Anisops capitata Lansbury, 1968, not followed in this work)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Brisbane, Fraser Is., Somerset, NSW—Dorrigo, Badgery's Creek, Katoomba, Mittagong, Narooma, Sydney, also Palaearctic Region—China, Oriental Region—Vietnam, Melanesia—New Guinea, Solomon Ils.

IBRA

NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic: Kanmantoo (KAN), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52, 58] (list, description, distribution)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [434] (key)

Lansbury, I. 1975. Notes on additions, changes and the distribution of the Australian water-bug fauna (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 36: 17-23 [19] (distribution)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88, 91, fig. 2b] (key, distribution)

History of changes

• Anisops evansi Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [350].

  Type data:

   Holotype KU ♂, Lake Dakerton, TAS.
  Paratype(s) KU ♀.

Distribution

States

Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

VIC—Lake Straun, plus type locality.

IBRA

Tas, Vic: Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [454, figs 75-80] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1975. Notes on additions, changes and the distribution of the Australian water-bug fauna (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 36: 17-23 [19] (description, records Lake Struan, VIC, as only mainland locality)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88] (list)

History of changes

• Anisops gratus Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [413].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA ♂, Broken Hill, NSW.
  Paratype(s) SAMA 3♂ 7♀ (3 specimens sex unknown); KU 2♂ 4♀.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Keeroongooloo Station, Thargomindah, NSW—Sydney, Nyngan, VIC—Melbourne, near Geelong, near Warrambine Creek, SA—Myrtle Springs, WA—Marillana, NT—Hart Range.

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic, WA: Cobar Peneplain (CP), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mulga Lands (ML), Pilbara (PIL), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [352, pl. 12, fig. 31] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [434, 448, figs 49-54] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1975. Notes on additions, changes and the distribution of the Australian water-bug fauna (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 36: 17-23 [19] (distribution)

Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [145] (list)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88, 91, fig. 2c] (key, distribution)

History of changes

• Anisops hackeri Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [331].

  Type data:

   Holotype KU ♂, Brisbane, QLD.
  Paratype(s) KU ♂ 2♀.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Brisbane, Carnarvon Gorge, Gatton, Gladstone, Lamington National Park, Magnetic Is., NSW—Bulahdelah, Forbes, Kanangra Walls, Sydney, TAS—Hobart, WA—Marillana.

IBRA

NSW, Qld, Tas, WA: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Pilbara (PIL), Sydney Basin (SB), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tasmanian South East (TSE)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52, figs 1-20]

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [434, 456, figs 84, 86, 87] (description)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88, 92, fig. 2d] (key, distribution)

History of changes

• Anisops hayesi Lansbury, I. 1995. Notes on the genus Anisops Spinola (Hemiptera - Heteroptera, Notonectidae) of the Northern Territory and Western Australia. The Beagle 12: 65-74.

  Type data:

   Holotype ♂, Northern Territory, Alice Springs, John Hayes Rock-hole near Trephina Gorge.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory

IBRA

NT: MacDonnell Ranges (MAC)

History of changes

• Anisops hyperion Kirkaldy, G.W. 1898. Neue und seltene Notonectiden-Arten. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 17: 141-142 [141].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMH 2♂, Rockhampton, QLD.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

NSW—Royal National Park, Sydney, VIC—Little Desert National Park, Sydney, SA—Adelaide, Mt Lofty Ranges, WA—Bridgetown, Pigeon Rock, NT—near Elliot, also Oriental Region—Taiwan, Melanesia—Fiji, New Caledonia, Micronesia—Mariana Ils.

IBRA

NSW, Qld, SA, Vic, WA: Coolgardie (COO), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), Sydney Basin (SB), Sturt Plateau (STU)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [332, pl. 37 fig. 16] (description)

Distant. W.L. 1914. Rhynchota from New Caledonia and the surrounding islands. 369-390 pls xi, xii in Sarasin, F. & Roux, J. (eds). Nova Caledonia Forschungen in Neu-Caledonien und auf den Loyalty-Inseln A. Zoologie. Wiesbaden : C.W. Kreidels Vol. 2. [386] (probable misidentification, biology)

Esaki, T. 1926. Verzeichniss der Hemiptera-Heteroptera der Insel Formosa. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici (Zoologica) 24: 136-189 [188] (probable misidentification, biology)

Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [403-412] (biology, misidentification as Anisops hyperion—see Anisops theinemanni Lundblad, 1933)

Hale, H.M. 1923. The breeding habits of the "Backswimmer" (Anisops hyperion). South Australian Naturalist 4: 124-128 fig. 1 (biology, misidentification as Anisops hyperion —see Anisops theinemanni Lundblad, 1933)

Hale, H.M. 1924. Notes on eggs, habits and migration of some Australian aquatic bugs. (Corixidae and Notonectidae). South Australian Naturalist 5: 133-135 pl. I [135] (biology, misidentification as Anisops hyperion—see Anisops theinemanni Lundblad, 1933)

Kirkaldy, G.W. 1904. Über Notonectiden (Hemiptera). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 23: 93-135 [111, 132]

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52, 61, figs 56-70] (description, distribution)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [455, figs 85, 90, 91] (description, distribution)

Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [145] (list)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88, 90, fig. 1c] (key, distribution)

History of changes

• Anisops malkini Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [349].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM ♂, Darwin, NT.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

WA—Ord River, plus type locality.

IBRA

NT, WA: Darwin Coastal (DAC), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [434, 452, figs 64-69] (distribution)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88] (list)

History of changes

• Anisops nabilla Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [451].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM ♂, 14 miles W of Marillana (as Marilana), WA.
  Paratype(s) WAM 5♂.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IBRA

WA: Pilbara (PIL)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

History of changes

• Anisops nasuta Fieber, F.X. 1851. Rhynchotographien, drei monographische Abhandlungen. Abhandlungen der Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Prague 5 7: 425-486 [484].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB ♂, locality unknown.
• Anisops fieberi Kirkaldy, G.W. 1901. Miscellanea Rhynchotalia. The Entomologist 34(452): 5-6 [5] [unnecessary replacement name for Anisops nivea (Fabricius, 1775): Fieber, 1851, originally proposed for a misidentified specimen].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown (not in ZMB), India and Sulawesi (as Celebes), Indonesia.
• Anisops protracta Liu, G.-q. & Zheng, L.-y. 1990. A new species and a new record of Notonectidae from China (Hemiptera). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 15: 349-351 [351].

  Type data:

   Holotype NKMU ♂, Nanning, Guangxi, China.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Esaki, T. 1926. Verzeichniss der Hemiptera-Heteroptera der Insel Formosa. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici (Zoologica) 24: 136-189 [188] (synonymy of Anisops fieberi; also Anisops kuroiwae Matsumura, 1915 as junior synonym, not followed in this work)
• Polhemus, J.T. 1994. New synonymy in the genus Anisops Spinola (Notonectidae: Heteroptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 96: 579 (synonymy of Anisops protracta)

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Barron River, Fraser Is., Moore Is., Townsville, Torres Strait Ils (Thursday Is.), WA—Marilana, North West Cape, Tambrey, NT—Darwin, Katherine, also ?(Palaearctic Region—China), Oriental Region—Indonesia (Sulawesi), India, Sri Lanka, Micronesia—Friendly Is., Guam, Melanesia—Papua New Guinea.

IBRA

NT, Qld, WA: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Carnarvon (CAR), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Breddin, G. 1901. Die Hemipteren von Celebes ein beitrag zur faunistik der insel. Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Halle 24: 1-213 1 pl. [103] (biology)

Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [416] (presenting alternative taxonomic arrangement Anisops niveus ogasawarensis Matsumura, 1915 as junior synonym of Anisops nasutus)

Distant, W.L. 1906. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota (Heteroptera—Homoptera). London : Taylor & Francis Vol. 3 xiv 503 pp. [153]

Dover, C. 1928. Notes on a collection of aquatic Rhynchota from the Buitenzorg Museum. Treubia 10: 65-72 [71]

Esaki, T. 1928. Aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera. pp. 67–80 in, Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial Arthropoda. Part II. Hemiptera. Fasc. 2. London : William Clowes & Sons Ltd. [76]

Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [400-401, fig. 363] (description, habitus)

Hale, H.M. 1925. Results of Dr. E. Mjöberg's Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910–1913. 44. The aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemiptera. Arkiv för Zoologi 17A(20): 1-19 [17] (note, distribution)

Kirkaldy, G.W. 1904. Über Notonectiden (Hemiptera). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 23: 93-135 [116, 132] (taxonomy)

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [433, 440, figs 23-28] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1975. Notes on additions, changes and the distribution of the Australian water-bug fauna (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 36: 17-23 [19] (distribution)

Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [145, 145, 168-171, fig. 58] (list, description, separate species)

Matsumura, S. 1906. Die Hemipteren fauna von Riukiu (Okinawa). Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society 1: 15-38 [28] (misidentification as Anisops niveus)

Nieser, N. & Chen, P. 1991. Naucoridae, Nepidae and Notonectidae, mainly from Sulawesi and Pulau Buton (Indonesia). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 134: 47-67 [57] (Oriental Region, Melanesia, Australia)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88] (list)

Wu, C.F. 1933. A preliminary check list of Hemiptera heretofore recorded from Kwantung Province South China. Lingnan Science Journal Suppl. 12: 203-231 [213] (catalogue)

Wu, C.F. 1935. Catalogus insectorum Sinesium (Catalog of Chinese Insects). Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping 2: 1-634 [575] (catalogue)

History of changes

• Anisops nodulata Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [336].

  Type data:

   Holotype KU ♂, Pangasinan, Philippines.
  Paratype(s) KU 6♂ 9♀.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Brisbane, Palm Is., also Oriental Region—Philippines, Melanesia—Papua New Guinea.

IBRA

Qld: South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [434, 450, figs 55-60] (key, description)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88] (distribution)

History of changes

• Anisops occipitalis Breddin, G. 1905. Rhynchota Heteroptera aus Java, gesammelt von Prof. K. Kraepelin 1904. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg 22: 109-159 [152].

  Type data:

   Lectotype DEIB ♀, Buitenzorg, Java.
  Paralectotype(s) KU.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [345].
• Anisops ocularis Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [412].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA ♂, Darwin, NT.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [433, 438, figs 18-22] (description)

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Barron River, WA—Prince Regent River Reserve, Wotjulum Mission, NT—Alice Springs, Darwin, also Oriental Region—Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines, Melanesia—New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea.

IBRA

NT, Qld, WA: Darwin Coastal (DAC), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Northern Kimberley (NK), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [344, 469, pl. 39 fig. 22] (separate species)

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52] (list, separate species)

Lansbury, I. 1984. Some Nepomorpha (Corixidae, Notonectidae and Nepidae) (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of north-west Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 108: 35-49 [39, figs 23-25] (description)

Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [145, 158-260, fig. 154] (description, separate species)

Nieser, N. & Chen, P. 1991. Naucoridae, Nepidae and Notonectidae, mainly from Sulawesi and Pulau Buton (Indonesia). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 134: 47-67 [57] (Indonesia, Australia)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88] (list)

History of changes

• Anisops paracrinita Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [329].

  Type data:

   Holotype MCZ ♂, Coen, QLD.
  Paratype(s) USNM ♂ 2♀.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Cape York, Moore Is., Thursday Is., NT—Darwin, also Oriental Region—Indonesia.

IBRA

NT, Qld: Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Darwin Coastal (DAC)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52, 57, figs 31-35] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [434] (key)

Nieser, N. & Chen, P. 1991. Naucoridae, Nepidae and Notonectidae, mainly from Sulawesi and Pulau Buton (Indonesia). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 134: 47-67 [57] (Indonesia, Australia)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88] (list)

History of changes

• Anisops paraexigera Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [55].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA ♂, Longreach, QLD.
  Paratype(s) SAMA 7♂ 24♀ (22 specimens located).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Keeroongooloo, NSW—Broken Hill, SA—Innamincka.

IBRA

NSW, Qld, SA: Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Channel Country (CHC), Mulga Lands (ML), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [456] (distribution)

History of changes

• Anisops philippinensis Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [383].

  Type data:

   Holotype FMNH ♂, N slope of Mt Apo, 7800 ft, Lake Linau, Davao Prov[ince], Mindanao, Philippines.
  Paratype(s) FMNH 48♂ 30♀; KU 10♂ 10♀.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Fraser Is., also Oriental Region—Philippines.

IBRA

Qld: South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1978. Comments on the species concept in some Australian Anisops Spinola (Hemiptera: Notonectidae). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 39: 101-115 [108] (QLD)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88] (list)

History of changes

• Anisops planifascies Lansbury, I. 1975. Notes on additions, changes and the distribution of the Australian water-bug fauna (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 36: 17-23 [19].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV T4569 ♂, Hahn River, 112 km S of Coen, QLD.
  Paratype(s) NMV T4570 ♀.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

Qld: Cape York Peninsula (CYP)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

History of changes

• Anisops semita Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [366].

  Type data:

   Holotype KU ♂, Barron River, near Barron Waters (as Barren River, near Barren Waters), QLD.
  Paratype(s) KU 4♂ 12♀.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Alice River, Coen, WA—Wyndham.

IBRA

Qld, WA: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Victoria Bonaparte (VB)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [434, 441, figs 29-32] (key, description)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88] (list)

History of changes

• Anisops stali Kirkaldy, G.W. 1904. Über Notonectiden (Hemiptera). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 23: 93-135 [132].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MNHP ♂ ♀, Australia; NHRM, Australia.
• Notonecta australis Stål, C. 1855. Nya Hemiptera fran Cafferlandet. Öfversigt af Kongelige Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, Stockholm 12: 27-46, 89-100 [89].

  Type data:

   Holotype NHRM, Australia (as New Holland).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Brisbane, Cleveland, Cunnamulla, Eidsvold, Gatton, Ingham, Lawes, Townsville, Southport, NSW—Brewarrina, Broken Hill, Hay, Pilliga, Sydney, ACT—Canberra, SA—Bordertown, Koongra, Murray River, Myrtle Springs, WA—Barrow, Gasgoyne River, Kathleen Valley, North West Cape, Wyndham, NT—Alice Springs, Newcastle Waters, Palm Valley, Roper River, also Oriental Region—Indonesia (Sulawesi, Sumba, Timor), Philippines, Palaearctic Region—Okinawa, Melanesia—Mussau Is.

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld, SA, WA: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Carnarvon (CAR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Gascoyne (GAS), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Murchison (MUR), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [319, pl. 37 fig. 9, pl. 57 fig. 107] (description)

Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [414-415, fig. 368] (description)

Hale, H.M. 1925. Results of Dr. E. Mjöberg's Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910–1913. 44. The aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemiptera. Arkiv för Zoologi 17A(20): 1-19 [17] (list, distribution)

Hungerford, H.B. 1934. Concerning some aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera from Australia. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29: 68-73 [69] (biology)

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1965. Notes on the species of the genus Anisops Spin. (Hem.-Notonectidae) of Java. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 23: 57-68

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [433, 434 figs 1-10] (key, description)

Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [146] (list)

Nieser, N. & Chen, P. 1991. Naucoridae, Nepidae and Notonectidae, mainly from Sulawesi and Pulau Buton (Indonesia). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 134: 47-67 [58] (Oriental Region, Australia)

Stål, C. 1859. Hemiptera. Species novas descripsit. pp. 219-298 in (no editor given). Konglika Svenska Fregattens Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden, under Befal af C.A. Virgin åren 1851–1853. III Zoologi, Insekter. Stockholm : Norstedt. [267] (description, distribution)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88, 90, fig. 1d] (key, distribution)

History of changes

• Anisops tahitiensis Lundblad, O. 1935. Aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera of Tahiti. Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 113: 121-126 [121].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH, Tahiti.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Gladstone, also Oriental Region—Andaman Ils, Indonesia (Borneo, Sulawesi), Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Palaearctic Region—Okinawa, Melanesia—Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Guadalcanal, Polynesia—Society Is., Tahiti, Micronesia—Guam.

IBRA

Qld: South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [376, pl. 43 fig. 40] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [434] (key)

Nieser, N. & Chen, P. 1991. Naucoridae, Nepidae and Notonectidae, mainly from Sulawesi and Pulau Buton (Indonesia). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 134: 47-67 [58] (Oriental Region, Melanesia, Micronesia)

History of changes

• Anisops tasmaniensis Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [378].

  Type data:

   Holotype KU ♂, Lake Leake, TAS.
  Paratype(s) KU 2♂ 2♀.

Distribution

States

Tasmania

IBRA

Tas: Tasmanian South East (TSE)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [434, 453, figs 70-74] (description)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88] (distribution)

History of changes

• Anisops thienemanni Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [167].

  Type data:

   Holotype NHRM, Dieng plateau, Java.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Brisbane, Cleveland, NSW—Broken Hill, Katoomba, Lake Victoria, Sydney, Williams River, Leeton, ACT—Canberra, VIC—Healesville, Melbourne, Moyston, Streatham Billabong, Yarra Flats, SA—Adelaide, Gawler, Innamincka, Italowie, Myponga, Port Willunga, Willow Wells, WA—Geraldton, Mullewa, Pigeon Rocks, Rottnest Is., Stirling Ranges National Park, also Indonesia (Java).

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Channel Country (CHC), Coolgardie (COO), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Gawler (GAW), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Kanmantoo (KAN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Victorian Midlands (VM)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [403-412, fig. 365] (description, misidentification as Anisops hyperion)

Hale, H.M. 1923. The breeding habits of the "Backswimmer" (Anisops hyperion). South Australian Naturalist 4: 124-128 fig. 1 [124, 128, fig. 1] (biology, misidentification as Anisops hyperion)

Hale, H.M. 1924. Notes on eggs, habits and migration of some Australian aquatic bugs. (Corixidae and Notonectidae). South Australian Naturalist 5: 133-135 pl. I [135] (misidentification as Anisops hyperion)

Hale, H.M. 1935. Some aquatic Hemiptera from Western Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 59: 249-251 [249] (misidentification as Anisops hyperion)

Lansbury, I. 1961. Notes on the genus Anisops (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) in the Hungarian National History Museum. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici (Zoologica) 53: 505-506 [506] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [444, 446, figs 43-48] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1975. Notes on additions, changes and the distribution of the Australian water-bug fauna (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 36: 17-23 [19] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1981. Aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs (Hemiptera) of Australia. pp. 1195-1211 in Keast, A. (ed.). Ecological Biogeography of Australia. The Hague : Dr. W. Junk Vol. 2(4). [1205] (TAS)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88, fig. 1a] (key, distribution)

History of changes

• Anisops ungarinyn Lansbury, I. 1995. Notes on the genus Anisops Spinola (Hemiptera - Heteroptera, Notonectidae) of the Northern Territory and Western Australia. The Beagle 12: 65-74.

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA ♂, WA, Kimbereley region.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IBRA

WA: Northern Kimberley (NK)

History of changes

• Anisops windi Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [392].

  Type data:

   Holotype KU ♂, Barron River (as Barren River), near Redlynch, QLD.
  Paratype(s) KU ♀; MCZ ♂.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

McIlwraith Range, Rocky Scrub, plus type locality.

IBRA

Qld: Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1964. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) Part I. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 52-65 [52] (list)

Lansbury, I. 1969. The genus Anisops in Australia (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 433-458 [434, 444, figs 37-39] (distribution)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [88] (list)

History of changes

• Paranisops Hale, H.M. 1924. Two new Hemiptera from New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 49: 461-467 [462].

  Type species:

   Paranisops inconstans Hale, 1924 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

NSW, Qld, Vic: Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ) ; WA: Swan Coastal Plain (SWA)

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [307] (key)

Hungerford, H.B. 1933. The genus Notonecta of the world (Notonectidae-Hemiptera). Kansas University Science Bulletin 21: 5-195 [10] (taxonomy)

Hungerford, H.B. 1946. A new genus and species of Notonectidae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 19: 59-62 [61] (taxonomy)

Jaczewski, T. 1937. Allgemeine Züge der geographischen Verbreitung der Wasserhemipteren. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 31: 565-591 [583, 587] (taxonomy)

Lansbury, I. 1964. A revision of the genus Paranisops Hale (Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London 33: 181-188 (revision)

Lansbury, I. 1968. The Enithares (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae) of the Oriental region. Pacific Insects 10: 353-442 [357]

Poisson, R. 1951. Ordre des Hétéroptères. (Heteroptera Latreille, 1810—Frontirostres Fallén, 1814). pp. 1657-1803 in Grassé, P.P. (ed.). Traité de Zoologie: Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie. Insectes supérieurs et Hémiptéroides. Paris : Masson & Cie Vol. 10. [1754] (note)

History of changes

• Anisops endymion Kirkaldy, G.W. 1904. Über Notonectiden (Hemiptera). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 23: 93-135 [133].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH ♂, Swan River, WA.
  Paratype(s) KU 3♂ 3♀.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Gnangara, plus type locality.

IBRA

WA: Swan Coastal Plain (SWA)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [417] (translation of original description)

Hale, H.M. 1924. Two new Hemiptera from New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 49: 461-467 [465] (note)

Lansbury, I. 1964. A revision of the genus Paranisops Hale (Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London 33: 181-188 [185, fig. 3] (description, nov. comb. as Paranisops endymion)

Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [145] (list)

History of changes

• Paranisops inconstans Hale, H.M. 1924. Two new Hemiptera from New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 49: 461-467 [463].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA ♂, Berrowa Creek, NSW.
  Paratype(s) SAMA ♂.
• Paranisops inconstans lutea Hale, H.M. 1924. Two new Hemiptera from New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 49: 461-467 [463].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA ♂, Berrowa Creek, NSW.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Cassis, G. & Gross, G.F. 1995. Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Coleorrhuncha to Cimicomorpha). pp. 1-501 in Houston, W.W.K. & Maynard, G.V. (eds). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha to Cimicomorpha. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 27.3A xv 506 pp.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Brisbane, Lamington National Park, NSW—Berrowa Creek, Sydney, VIC—Epping.

IBRA

NSW, Qld, Vic: Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Hungerford, H.B. 1934. Concerning some aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera from Australia. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29: 68-73 [68-69, pl. 5 fig. 4] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1964. A revision of the genus Paranisops Hale (Heteroptera: Notonectidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London 33: 181-188 [182, 184, fig. 1a] (description, habitus)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [93, fig. 35] (distribution)

Truxal, F. 1949. The comparative morphology of the male genitalia of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 25: 30-38 [34-35, pl. 3 figs 6a-6c] (description)

History of changes

• Walambianisops Lansbury, I. 1984. Some Nepomorpha (Corixidae, Notonectidae and Nepidae) (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of north-west Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 108: 35-49 [42].

  Type species:

   Walambianisops wandjina Lansbury, 1984 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IBRA

WA: Dampierland (DL), Northern Kimberley (NK)

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

History of changes

• Walambianisops wandjina Lansbury, I. 1984. Some Nepomorpha (Corixidae, Notonectidae and Nepidae) (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of north-west Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 108: 35-49 [42].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM 79–287–93 ♂, Port Warrender, Kimberley, WA.
  Paratype(s) WAM 79–287–93, 79–294–317, 79–218–27, 79–165–9 10♂ 10♀; WADA ♂ ♀.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Kalumburu Mission, Koolan Is., Prince Regent River Reserve, Wotjulum Mission.

IBRA

WA: Dampierland (DL), Northern Kimberley (NK)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

Extra Ecological Information

Permanent pool in dry creek bed.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

History of changes

History of changes

History of changes

• Enithares Spinola, M.M. 1837. Essai sur les genres d'insectes appartenants à l'ordre des Hémiptères Lin. ou Rhyngotes Fab. et à la section des Hétéroptères, Dufour. Gênes, Chez Yves Gravier 1837: 1-383, 15 tables [60].

  Type species:

   Notonecta ciliata Fabricius, 1798 by subsequent designation, see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1969. Opinion 875. Enithares Spinola, 1837 (Insecta, Hemiptera). Designation of a type species under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 26: 12-13 (as Notonecia ciliata, incorrect original spelling).
• Bothronotus Fieber, F.X. 1851. Genera Hydrocoridum secundum ordinem naturelem in familias disposita. Abhandlungen der Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Prague 5 7: 181-211 [as separate in: Actis Regiae Bohemicae Societatis Scientatiarum (Pragae) 1: 1–30] [26] [unnecessary nom. nov. for Enithares Spinola, 1837].

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Afrotropical, Palaearctic and Oriental regions.

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Kanmantoo (KAN), Sydney Basin (SB), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Wet Tropics (WT) ; ACT, NSW, Qld, Vic: Mulga Lands (ML) ; NT, Qld, SA: Darwin Coastal (DAC) ; WA: Northern Kimberley (NK)

Distribution References

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [307] (key)

Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [418] (taxonomy)

Hutchinson, G.E. 1929. A revision of the Notonectidae and Corixidae of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 25: 359-474 (Afrotropical Region)

Jaczewski, T. 1937. Allgemeine Züge der geographischen Verbreitung der Wasserhemipteren. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 31: 565-591 [583, 587, 589, 590] (taxonomy)

Kirkaldy, G.W. 1897. Revision of the Notonectidae. Part I. Introduction, and systematic revision of the genus Notonecta. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1897: 393-426 [393-395] (key)

Lansbury, I. 1966. Enithares Spinola, 1837 (Insecta: Hemiptera): proposed use of the Plenary Powers to designate a type-species. Z.N.(S.) 1762. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 23: 191-192 (nomenclature)

Lansbury, I. 1973. Notes on the genus Enithares Spinola (Hem., Notonectidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 109: 226-231 (Oriental Region, Melanesia)

Linnavuori, R.E. 1981. Hemiptera of Nigeria, with remarks on some species of the adjacent countries 1. The aquatic and semiaquatic families, Saldidae and Leptopodidae. Acta Entomologica Fennica 37: 1-39 [6] (Afrotropical Region)

Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [174-182] (taxonomy)

Nieser, N. & Chen, P. 1991. Naucoridae, Nepidae and Notonectidae, mainly from Sulawesi and Pulau Buton (Indonesia). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 134: 47-67 [58-64] (Indonesia)

Poisson, R. 1951. Ordre des Hétéroptères. (Heteroptera Latreille, 1810—Frontirostres Fallén, 1814). pp. 1657-1803 in Grassé, P.P. (ed.). Traité de Zoologie: Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie. Insectes supérieurs et Hémiptéroides. Paris : Masson & Cie Vol. 10. [1750, 1754, 1755] (list)

Villiers, A. 1952. Initiations Africaines. IX. Hémiptères de l'Afrique Noire (Punaiseset cigales). Institut Français d'Afrique Noire-Dakar 9: 1-256 [204] (Afrotropical Region)

History of changes

• Enithares atra Brooks, G.T. 1948. New species of Enithares Hemiptera: Notonectidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 21: 37-54 pls I-III [48].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM ♂, New Guinea.
  Paratype(s) USNM 2♂ 8♀; KU 5♀.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory

Extra Distribution Information

Melanesia—Papua New Guinea.

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1968. The Enithares (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae) of the Oriental region. Pacific Insects 10: 353-442 [363-364, 423] (key, description)

Lansbury, I. 1974. Notes on the genus Enithares Spinola (Hem., Notonectidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 109: 226-231 [228-229]

History of changes

• Enithares gwini Lansbury, I. 1984. Some Nepomorpha (Corixidae, Notonectidae and Nepidae) (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of north-west Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 108: 35-49 [40].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM 79–294–317 ♂, Port Warrender, Kimberley, WA.
  Paratype(s) WAM 79–218–27 ♂ ♀.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Kalumburu Mission, plus type locality.

IBRA

WA: Northern Kimberley (NK)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

History of changes

• Enithares hackeri Hungerford, H.B. 1940. A new Enithares for Australian (Notonectidae-Hemiptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 13: 130-131 [130].

  Type data:

   Holotype KU ♂, Brisbane, QLD.
  Paratype(s) EUQ ♀; KU 5♂ 9♀.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Biloela, Burdenbin River, Cunnamulla, Dunwich, Eidsvold, NSW—Sydney, ACT—Canberra, VIC—Kooba Lagoon.

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld, Vic: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Mulga Lands (ML), Sydney Basin (SB), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1968. The Enithares (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae) of the Oriental region. Pacific Insects 10: 353-442 [359, 365, 374] (key, description)

Lansbury, I. 1974. Notes on the genus Enithares Spinola (Hem., Notonectidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 109: 226-231 [230] (distribution)

Lansbury, I. 1975. Notes on additions, changes and the distribution of the Australian water-bug fauna (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 36: 17-23 [21] (distribution)

Lansbury, I. 1984. Some Nepomorpha (Corixidae, Notonectidae and Nepidae) (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of north-west Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 108: 35-49 [41] (distribution)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [93] (distribution)

History of changes

• Enithares loria Brooks, G.T. 1948. New species of Enithares Hemiptera: Notonectidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 21: 37-54 pls I-III [45].

  Type data:

   Holotype KU ♂, New Guinea.
  Paratype(s) USNM 2♂ 2♀.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia

Extra Distribution Information

SA—Adelaide, NT—Darwin, Melanesia—Papua New Guinea, Solomon Ils.

IBRA

NT, Qld, SA: Darwin Coastal (DAC), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Lansbury, I. 1964. Some observations on the Notonectidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of Viêt-nam and adjacent regions. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 22: 203-219 [207]

Lansbury, I. 1968. The Enithares (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae) of the Oriental region. Pacific Insects 10: 353-442 [360, 363, 393] (key, description)

Lansbury, I. 1974. Notes on the genus Enithares Spinola (Hem., Notonectidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 109: 226-231 [229] (distribution)

Lansbury, I. 1984. Some Nepomorpha (Corixidae, Notonectidae and Nepidae) (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of north-west Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 108: 35-49 [41] (distribution)

History of changes

• Enithares woodwardi Lansbury, I. 1968. The Enithares (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae) of the Oriental region. Pacific Insects 10: 353-442 [398].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM T6537 ♂, Brisbane, QLD.
  Paratype(s) AM 6♂ 2♀; EUQ 2♀; KU 4♂ 2♀; OUM 3♂; SAMA I20421–I20425 3♂ 2♀.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Cardwell Ranges, Carnarvon Ranges, Highvale, Whitsunday Is., NSW—Blackheath, Como, Katoomba, Mittagong, Nowra, Sydney, ACT—Canberra, VIC—Eltham district, Fitzroy River, Kooba Lagoon, TAS—Hobart, Launceston, SA—Adelaide, Kangaroo Is., also Melanesia—New Guinea, Solomon Ils.

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Kanmantoo (KAN), Sydney Basin (SB), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

Extra Ecological Information

Side of rock pool.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Froggatt, W.W. 1907. Australian Insects. Sydney : W. Brooks & Co. xiv 449 pp., 37 pls. [Date published April 11, 1907] [344-345] (misidentification as Enithares bergrothi Montandon, 1892)

Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [419-421, pl. 10 fig. 1] (misidentification as Enithares bergrothi Montandon, 1892)

Hungerford, H.B. 1934. Concerning some aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera from Australia. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29: 68-73 [68] (misidentification as Enithares bergrothi Montandon, 1892)

Hungerford, H.B. 1940. A new Enithares for Australian (Notonectidae-Hemiptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 13: 130-131 [130] (misidentification as Enithares bergrothi Montandon, 1892)

Kirkaldy, G.W. 1904. Über Notonectiden (Hemiptera). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 23: 93-135 [98, 105] (misidentification as Enithares bergrothi Montandon, 1892)

Lansbury, I. 1984. Some Nepomorpha (Corixidae, Notonectidae and Nepidae) (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) of north-west Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 108: 35-49 [41] (distribution)

Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [146] (misidentification as Enithares bergrothi Montandon, 1892)

Sweeney, A.W. 1965. The distribution of the Notonectidae (Hemiptera) in south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 90: 87-94 [92] (misidentification as Enithares bergrothi Montandon, 1892)

History of changes

Taxonomic Decision for Subgeneric Arrangement

• Hungerford, H.B. 1933. The genus Notonecta of the world (Notonectidae-Hemiptera). Kansas University Science Bulletin 21: 5-195 [23-25]
• Štys, P. & Jansson, A. 1988. Check-list of recent family-group and genus-group names of Nepomorpha (Heteroptera) of the world. Acta Entomologica Fennica 50: 1-44 [14]

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Cosmopolitan.

IBRA

WA: Warren (WAR)

Distribution References

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

History of changes

• Enitharonecta Hungerford, H.B. 1928. Some recent studies in aquatic Hemiptera (including a new subgenus and a new species). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 21: 139-146 [143] [first introduced as a subgenus of Notonecta Linnaeus, 1758].

  Type species:

   Notonecta handlirschi Kirkaldy, 1897 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IBRA

WA: Warren (WAR)

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Hungerford, H.B. 1933. The genus Notonecta of the world (Notonectidae-Hemiptera). Kansas University Science Bulletin 21: 5-195 [25] (diagnosis)

Poisson, R. 1951. Ordre des Hétéroptères. (Heteroptera Latreille, 1810—Frontirostres Fallén, 1814). pp. 1657-1803 in Grassé, P.P. (ed.). Traité de Zoologie: Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie. Insectes supérieurs et Hémiptéroides. Paris : Masson & Cie Vol. 10. [1755] (list)

Štys, P. & Jansson, A. 1988. Check-list of recent family-group and genus-group names of Nepomorpha (Heteroptera) of the world. Acta Entomologica Fennica 50: 1-44 [14] (classification)

History of changes

• Notonecta handlirschi Kirkaldy, G.W. 1897. Revision of the Notonectidae. Part I. Introduction, and systematic revision of the genus Notonecta. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1897: 393-426 [408].

  Type data:

   Holotype NHMW ♂, Australia.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

WA—N of Walpole (new record, Polhemus, J.T., pers. coll.).

IBRA

WA: Warren (WAR)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [418] (note)

Hungerford, H.B. 1928. Some recent studies in aquatic Hemiptera (including a new subgenus and a new species). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 21: 139-146 [143] (as Notonecta (Enitharonecta) handlirschi)

Hungerford, H.B. 1933. The genus Notonecta of the world (Notonectidae-Hemiptera). Kansas University Science Bulletin 21: 5-195 [27, pl. 4 fig. 2, pl. 8 fig. 4, pl. 9 fig. 7] (description, distribution)

History of changes

• Notonecta Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10 Edn., 824 pp. [439].

  Type species:

   Notonecta glauca Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation, see Latreille, P.A. 1810. Considération Générales sur l'Order Naturel des Animaux Composant les Classes des Crustacés, des Arachnides et des Insectes; avec un Tableau Méthodique de leurs Genres Disposés en Familles. Paris : F. Schoell viii 444 pp. [this work is the subject of Opinions 11 and 136, ICZN, and is on the Official List of Works approved as available for Zoological Nomenclature] [434].

Distribution

Recorded from "Australia".

Extra Distribution Information

Cosmopolitan.

Distribution References

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Brooks, A.R. & Kelton, L.A. 1967. Aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (Hemiptera). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 51: 1-92 [39, 40] (description)

Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [307] (key)

Champion, G.C. 1901. Insecta: Rhynchota (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). pp. 1-416 in Godman, F.D. & Salvin, O. (eds). Biologia Centrali-Americana; or, contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and central America, Zoology. London : Dulau Vol. 2 xvi 416 pp., 22 pls. [1897: 1–32; 1898: 33–192; 1899: 193–304; 1900: 305–344; 1901: xvi 345–416] [368] (Neotropical Region)

Douglas, J.W. & Scott, J. 1865. The British Hemiptera. Vol. I. Hemiptera-Heteroptera. London : Robert Hardwicke xii 627 pp. 21 pls. [585] (description)

Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [418] (description)

Jaczewski, T. 1937. Allgemeine Züge der geographischen Verbreitung der Wasserhemipteren. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 31: 565-591 [567, 575, 583, 585, 586, 589, 590] (taxonomy)

Kirkaldy, G.W. 1897. Revision of the Notonectidae. Part I. Introduction, and systematic revision of the genus Notonecta. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1897: 393-426 [395] (key)

Polhemus, J.T. & Polhemus, D.A. 1988. Family Notonectidae Latreille, 1802: the backswimmers. pp. 533-540 in Henry, T.J. & Froeschner, R.C. (eds). Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States. Leiden : E.J. Brill xix 958 pp. [537] (Nearctic Region)

Stål, C. 1865. Hemiptera Africana. Holmiae : Norstedtiana Vol. 3 200 pp. [190] (key)

Truxal, F.S. 1979. Family Notonectidae—Backswimmers. pp. 139-147 in Menke, A.S. (ed.). The Semiaquatic and Aquatic Hemiptera of California (Heteroptera: Hemiptera). Berkeley : University of California Press. [140] (diagnosis)

Usinger, R.L. 1963. Aquatic Hemiptera. pp. 182-228 in Usinger, R.L. (ed.). Aquatic Insects of California with keys to North American genera and California species. Berkeley : University of California Press. [198] (key)

Van Duzee, E.P. 1917. Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America north of Mexico, excepting the Aphididae, Coccidae and Aleurodidae. University of California Publications in Entomology. Technical Bulletin 2: xiv 1-902 [449] (Nearctic Region)

History of changes

• Notonecta australis Olivier, A.G. 1811. Histoire Naturelle Insectes. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Hemiptera. Paris : H. Agasse Vol. 8(2) pp. 361-722. [389].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP (Institution uncertain), Australia (as Nouvelle-Hollande).

Distribution

Recorded from "Australia".

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator, volant.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [418] (note)

Kirkaldy, G.W. 1897. Revision of the Notonectidae. Part I. Introduction, and systematic revision of the genus Notonecta. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1897: 393-426 [426] (as Notonecta (?Anisops) australis)

History of changes

History of changes

• Nychia Stål, C. 1859. Hemiptera. Species novas descripsit. pp. 219-298 in (no editor given). Konglika Svenska Fregattens Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden, under Befal af C.A. Virgin åren 1851–1853. III Zoologi, Insekter. Stockholm : Norstedt. [268].

  Type species:

   Nychia limpida Stål, 1859 by monotypy.
• Antipalocoris Scott, J. 1872. [with descriptions of new genera and species of Hemiptera]. pp. 243–245 in Marshall, T.A. Notes on some Corsican insects. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 8: 191-193, 243-245 [244].

  Type species:

   Antipalocoris marshalli Scott, 1872 by monotypy.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kirkaldy, G.W. 1899. Viaggio del Dr Enrico Festa nell Ecuador e regioni vicine. XIX. Aquatic Rhynchota. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 14(350): 1-9 [9]

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Afrotropical Region; Palaearctic Region—China, Italy; Oriental Region—Burma, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Sri Lanka.

IBRA

NT, Qld: Darwin Coastal (DAC), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Wet Tropics (WT)

Distribution References

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Brooks, G.T. 1951. A revision of the genus Anisops (Notonectidae: Hemiptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 34: 301-519 [307] (key)

Hale, H.M. 1925. Results of Dr. E. Mjöberg's Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910–1913. 44. The aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemiptera. Arkiv för Zoologi 17A(20): 1-19 [17] (diagnosis)

Jaczewski, T. 1937. Allgemeine Züge der geographischen Verbreitung der Wasserhemipteren. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 31: 565-591 [582, 587, 589] (taxonomy)

Kirkaldy, G.W. 1904. Über Notonectiden (Hemiptera). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 23: 93-135 [124] (description)

Lansbury, I. 1968. The Enithares (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae) of the Oriental region. Pacific Insects 10: 353-442 [357] (key)

Lansbury, I. 1985. Notes on the identity of Nychia Stål (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae) in Australia. Occasional Papers of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 2: 1-9 [1] (diagnosis)

Linnavuori, R. 1971. Hemiptera of the Sudan, with remarks on some species of the adjacent countries 1. The aquatic and subaquatic families. Annales Zoologici Fennici 8: 340-366 [352] (Afrotropical Region)

Linnavuori, R.E. 1981. Hemiptera of Nigeria, with remarks on some species of the adjacent countries 1. The aquatic and semiaquatic families, Saldidae and Leptopodidae. Acta Entomologica Fennica 37: 1-39 [6] (Afrotropical Region)

Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [155] (list)

Poisson, R. 1951. Ordre des Hétéroptères. (Heteroptera Latreille, 1810—Frontirostres Fallén, 1814). pp. 1657-1803 in Grassé, P.P. (ed.). Traité de Zoologie: Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie. Insectes supérieurs et Hémiptéroides. Paris : Masson & Cie Vol. 10. [1754] (list)

Štys, P. & Jansson, A. 1988. Check-list of recent family-group and genus-group names of Nepomorpha (Heteroptera) of the world. Acta Entomologica Fennica 50: 1-44 [15] (classification)

History of changes

• Nychia marshalli sappho Kirkaldy, G.W. 1901. On some Rhynchota, principally from New Guinea, Amphicorisae and Notonectidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova 20: 804-810 [809].

  Type data:

   Holotype BPBM (Institution uncertain), New Guinea.
• Nychia marshalli atavia Hale, H.M. 1925. Results of Dr. E. Mjöberg's Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910–1913. 44. The aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemiptera. Arkiv för Zoologi 17A(20): 1-19 [17].

  Type data:

   Holotype NHRM ♂, Kimberley district, WA.
  Paratype(s) SAMA ♀.
• Nychia malayana Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [148].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) NHRM, Malaysia.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Lansbury, I. 1985. Notes on the identity of Nychia Stål (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Notonectidae) in Australia. Occasional Papers of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 2: 1-9 [4]

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Little Mitchell River, Tinaroo Falls, NT—Coomalie Creek, Darwin, Flying Fox Creek, Kakadu National Park, Koongarna, Stapleton Creek, Wildman River, also Oriental Region—Indonesia (Sulawesi), Malaysia, Melanesia—New Guinea.

IBRA

NT, Qld: Darwin Coastal (DAC), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, diurnal, lentic freshwater, predator.

Extra Ecological Information

Billabongs, brachypterous.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Nieser, N. & Chen, P. 1991. Naucoridae, Nepidae and Notonectidae, mainly from Sulawesi and Pulau Buton (Indonesia). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 134: 47-67 [64] (Indonesia, New Guinea)

History of changes

Introduction

The Pleidae, or pygmy backswimmers, are a family of truly aquatic, nepomorphan bugs, comprising three genera and 38 species (Slater 1982; Zoological Record 1980–1994; Henry 2009; Polhemus, J.T. pers. comm.). They are cosmopolitan and are most diverse in the tropics.

Pleids are very small, ranging in length from 2 to 3 mm. They are coleopteriform, ovoid, strongly convex and tapered caudally. They are generally pale in colour. The head is hypognathous. The eyes are large and ocelli are absent. The antennae are 3-segmented and not visible from above. The labium is 4-segmented and awl-shaped. The pronotum is large, quadrate, and either punctate or reticulate. The scutellum is triangular. The forewings are uniform, without a differentiated membrane, and fit closely over the abdomen. The hind wings are often shortened. The larvae have dorsal abdominal glands between terga III and IV. The metathoracic glands are sac-like and have a single midventral opening (Aldrich 1988). The coxae are open and pagiopodous. The hind legs are characterised by long hairs adapted for swimming. The tarsi are 3-segmented and the hind pretarsus has two claws (Slater 1982).

Pleids are predaceous and feed on mosquito larvae and other invertebrates, such as ostracods and Daphnia Müller species (Polhemus 1988). Pleids are usually found in quiet waters. Like notonectids, pleids swim upside down in a rowing manner. Carver et al. (1991) report that they are poor swimmers, preferring to walk on or through thick submerged vegetation. Australian pleids are most common in swamps and lakes.

Esaki & China (1927) first recognised pleids as a family and allied them with the Helotrephidae. Schuh (1986) and Carver et al. (1991) placed them in the Notonectoidea, which is followed in the Catalogue. Alternatively, Štys & Jansson (1988) placed the Pleidae, together with Helotrephidae, in the superfamily Pleoidea. Rieger (1976), in his phylogenetic analysis of the Nepomorpha, considered the Pleidae and Helotrephidae to be the most apomorphic nepomorphans. Lundblad (1933) reviewed the Pleidae and described one new Australian species. Drake & Chapman (1953) gave an account of the Western Hemisphere species and Polhemus (1984) updated the North American fauna, cataloguing it in a subsequent work (Polhemus 1988).

Carver et al. (1991) listed Australian pleids as belonging to the genus Plea. Štys & Jansson (1988), however, listed this genus as restricted to the Palaearctic Region. In Cassis & Gross (1995) the three species that occur in Australia are referred to Paraplea Esaki & China. P. brunni (Kirkaldy) is widely distributed in Australia, P. halei (Lundblad) is a temperate species known from Victoria and Tasmania, and P. liturata (Fieber) is a tropical species known from the Northern Territory, Java and New Caledonia. Andersen & Weir (2004b) provided a key for the Australian pleids.

General References

Aldrich, J.R. 1988. Chemical ecology of the Heteroptera. Annual Review of Entomology 33: 211-238

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Carver, M., Gross, G.F. & Woodward, T.E. 1991. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale insects, etc.) [with contributions by Cassis, G., Evans, J.W., Fletcher, M.J., Hill, L., Lansbury, I., Malipatil, M.B., Monteith, G.B., Moulds, M.S., Polhemus, J.T., Slater, J.A., Štys, P., Taylor, K.L., Weir, T.A. & Williams, D.J.]. pp. 429-509 in CSIRO (ed.). The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press Vol. 1 xiii 542 pp.

Cassis, G. & Gross, G.F. 1995. Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Coleorrhuncha to Cimicomorpha). pp. 1-501 in Houston, W.W.K. & Maynard, G.V. (eds). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha to Cimicomorpha. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 27.3A xv 506 pp.

Drake, C.J. & Chapman, H.C. 1953. Preliminary report on the Pleidae (Hemiptera) of the Americas. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 66: 53-59

Esaki, T. & China, W.E. 1927. A new family of aquatic Heteroptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 75: 279-295

Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489

Polhemus, D.A. 1988. Family Pleidae Fieber, 1851: the pygmy backswimmers. pp. 608-612 in Henry, T.J. & Froeschner, R.C. (eds). Catalog of the Heteroptera, or True Bugs, of Canada and the Continental United States. Leiden : E.J. Brill xix 958 pp.

Polhemus, J.T. 1984. Aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera. pp. 231-260 in Merrit, R.W. & Cummins, K.W. (eds). An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. Dubuque : Kendall-Hunt.

Rieger, C. 1976. Skelett und Muskulatur des Kopfes und Prothorax von Ochterus marginatus Latreille. Beitrag zur Klärung der phylogenetischen der Ochteridae (Insecta, Heteroptera). Zoomorphology (Berlin) 83: 109-191

Schuh, R.T. 1986. The influence of cladistics on Heteropteran classification. Annual Review of Entomology 31: 67-93

Slater, J.A. 1982. Hemiptera. pp. 417-447 in Parker, S.P. (ed.). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. New York : McGraw Hill Book Co.

Štys, P. & Jansson, A. 1988. Check-list of recent family-group and genus-group names of Nepomorpha (Heteroptera) of the world. Acta Entomologica Fennica 50: 1-44

History of changes

History of changes

• Paraplea Esaki, T. & China, W.E. 1928. A monograph of the Helotrephidae, subfamily Helotrephinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Eos 4: 129-172 [166] [originally introduced as a subgenus of Plea Leach, 1817].

  Type species:

   Plea pallescens Distant, 1906 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Cosmopolitan (excluding New Zealand).

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Flinders (FLI), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Sturt Plateau (STU), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT) ; NSW, SA, Tas, Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Kanmantoo (KAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), Riverina (RIV), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP) ; NT, Qld, WA: Mount Isa Inlier (MII)

Distribution References

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Drake, C.J. & Maldonado Capriles, J. 1956. Some pleids and water-striders from the Dominican Republic (Hemiptera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 51: 53-56 (Paraplea raised to genus rank)

Jaczewski, T. 1937. Allgemeine Züge der geographischen Verbreitung der Wasserhemipteren. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 31: 565-591 [589-590] (taxonomy)

History of changes

• Paraplea bifurcata Cook, J.L. 2021. Review of the Paraplea Esaki & China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Pleidae) of Australia, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 4985(1): 081–090.
  Zoobank Registration Number:http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4BD3C47D-D732-42A2-AEDA-0AD11550AE06

  Type data:

   Holotype ANIC 12 IX 2002 ♀, Howard River at Gunn Point Road, NT.
  Paratype(s) ANIC ♂, same locality as holotype; UMKC 1♂, 1♀, same locality as holotype; 2♂ (Sam Houston State University Natural History Collections), same locality as holotype.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from Howard River at Gun Point Road, NT

Known only from type locality.

IBRA

NT: Darwin Coastal (DAC)

History of changes

• Plea brunni Kirkaldy, G.W. 1898. Neue und seltene Notonectiden-Arten. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 17: 141-142 [141].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMH, Rockhampton, QLD.
• Plea australis Horváth, G. 1918. De Hydrocorisis nonnullis extraeuropaeis. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici (Zoologica) 16: 140-146 [142].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNH, Clarence River, NSW.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [142]

Generic Combinations

• Paraplea brunni (Kirkaldy, 1898). —
  Drake, C.J. & Maldonado Capriles, J. 1956. Some pleids and water-striders from the Dominican Republic (Hemiptera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 51: 53-56

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

QLD—Cunnamulla, Gladstone, NSW—Clarence River, TAS—George Town, SA—Murray Bridge, Myponga Swamps, WA—Albany, NT—Darwin.

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Flinders (FLI), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Sturt Plateau (STU), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, lentic freshwater, predator.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

Hale, H.M. 1923. Studies in Australian aquatic Hemiptera. No. II. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 2: 397-424 pls X-XI [421, figs 371a, b] (description)

Hale, H.M. 1935. Some aquatic Hemiptera from Western Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 59: 249-251 [251] (distribution)

Hungerford, H.B. 1934. Concerning some aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera from Australia. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 29: 68-73 [68]

Kirkaldy, G.W. 1900. On some Rhynchota, principally from New Guinea (Amphibocorisae and Notonectidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova 40: 804-810 [809]

Kirkaldy, G.W. 1904. Über Notonectiden (Hemiptera). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 23: 93-135 [128]

History of changes

• Plea (Paraplea) halei Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [144].

  Type data:

   Holotype NHRM ♂, Myponga, SA.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

South-eastern Australia

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NSW, SA, Tas, Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Kanmantoo (KAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, lentic freshwater, predator.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

History of changes

• Ploa liturata Fieber, F.X. 1844. Entomologische Monographien. Leipzig : Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth 138 pp. 10 pls. [19].

  Type data:

   Holotype NHMW, India (as Ostindien).
• Plea metiadusa Distant, W.L. 1910. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota. London : Taylor & Francis Vol. 5 xii 362 pp. [337].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH, Calcutta, India.
• Plea rufonotata Distant. W.L. 1914. Rhynchota from New Caledonia and the surrounding islands. 369-390 pls xi, xii in Sarasin, F. & Roux, J. (eds). Nova Caledonia Forschungen in Neu-Caledonien und auf den Loyalty-Inseln A. Zoologie. Wiesbaden : C.W. Kreidels Vol. 2. [387].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH, Coné, New Caledonia.
• Plea fasciata Horváth, G. 1918. De Hydrocorisis nonnullis extraeuropaeis. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici (Zoologica) 16: 140-146 [144].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MNH, Batavia, Java.
• Plea quinquenotata Paiva, C.A. 1918. Aquatic Rhynchota from the southern Shan States. Records of the Indian Museum 14: 21-32 [29].

  Type data:

   Holotype IM, Burma.

  Secondary source:

   Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [130].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Lundblad, O. 1933. Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali auf Grund des Materials der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition, nebst Revision einiger anderer, indoaustralischer Arten. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 12: 1-195, 263-489 [129]

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Northern Regions of Australia- NT, WA and QLD; Oriental Region—Indonesia (Java), Melanesia—New Caledonia.

IBRA

NT, Qld, WA: Darwin Coastal (DAC), Dampierland (DL), Mount Isa Inlier (MII)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, arthropod-feeder, lentic freshwater, predator.

General References

Andersen, N.M. & Weir, T.A. 2004. Australian Water Bugs. Their Biology and Identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha & Nepomorpha). Entomonographen Denmark : Apollo Books Vol. 14 344 pp.

History of changes