History of changes

History of changes

• Salamandrae Goldfuss, G.A. 1820. Handbuch der Zoologie: Zweite Abteilung. Nürnberg : Johan Leonhard Schrag Vol. 2 pp. i-xxiv, 1-513, Figs 3-4. [129].

History of changes

• Pleurodelinae Tschudi, J.J. von 1838. Classification der Batrachier, mit Berücksichtigung der fossilen Tiere dieser Abteilung der Reptilien. Neuchâtel : Erück Petitpierre 102 pp. [56].

  Type genus:

   Pleurodeles Michahelles, 1830.

History of changes

• Lissotriton Bell, T. 1839. A history of British reptiles. London : J. Van Voorst pp. i-xxiv, 1-142. [132].

  Type species:

   Salamandra punctata Latreille, 1800 by subsequent designation, see Fitzinger, L.J. 1843. Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus Primus. Amblyglossae. Vienna : Braümüller et Seidel i-vi, 106 pp. [34].

Distribution

States

Victoria

IBRA

Vic: South East Coastal Plain (SCP), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

History of changes

• Lacerta vulgaris Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10 Edn., 824 pp. [206].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown
  Comment: Type species not stated or known to exist. Type locality: "Europa"; restricted to "Schweden" by Mertens and Müller, 1928.

  Type locality references:

  Mertens, R. & Müller, L. 1928. Liste der Amphibien und Reptilien Europas. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 41: 1-62 [13].
• Lacerta palustris Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10 Edn., 824 pp. [201].

Generic Combinations

• Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758). —
  García-Paris, M., Montori, A. & Herrero, P. 2004. Fauna Iberica: Amphibia Lissamphibia. Madrid : Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC Vol. 24 pp. 640. [50]
• Lissotriton (Lissotriton) vulgaris vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758). —
  Dubois, A. & Raffaëlli, J. 2009. A new ergotaxonomy of the family Salamandridae Goldfuss, 1820 (Amphibia, Urodela). Alytes 26(1-4): 1-85 [66]
• Triton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758). —
  Fleming, J. 1828. A History of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, mollusca, and radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. Edinburgh (London) : Bell & Bradfute (and James Duncan) xxiii, 565 pp. [85]

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Adults and larva found near Melbourne, VIC; historical introduction via pet trade, currently prohibited

Introduced from Europe.

IBRA

Vic: South East Coastal Plain (SCP), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

General References

Smart, A.S., Tingley, R., Weeks, A.R., van Rooyen, A.R. & McCarthy, M.A. 2015. Environmental DNA sampling is more sensitive than a traditional survey technique for detecting an aquatic invader. Ecological Applications 25(7): 1944-1952

Tingley, R., Weeks, A.R., Smart, A.S., van Rooyen, A.R., Woolnough, A.P. & McCarthy, M.A. 2015. European newts establish in Australia, marking the arrival of a new amphibian order. Biological Invasions 17: 31-37

Common Name References

Arnold, E. N. 2002. Reptiles and Amphibians of Europe. Princeton and Oxford : Princeton University Press 2, pp. 384. [46] (Common Newt)

History of changes

History of changes

Introduction

A large cosmopolitan family containing about 240 species in 18 genera. Its only representative in Australia—the marine or cane toad, Bufo marinus—was deliberately introduced into Queensland in 1935 in an attempt to combat several insect pests of sugar cane crops. It has gradually extended its range throughout Cape York Peninsula and the Gulf country to Arnhem Land, and into the Kimberley Region of Westaern Australia (see WA Cane toad update newsletter at http://www.dec.wa.gov.au/content/view/5974/2337/).

While some researchers believe that the cane toad will eventually adapt and expand into south-eastern Australia, it appears to have reached a natural limit on the far north coast of NSW. Records further south appear to be based on chance introductions or small breeding populations that remain viable for only a limited period. To date, no effective control measures have been developed. The impact of the cane toad on native fauna is believed to be highly significant, although the available data suggest that its impacts are selective rather than general.

Diagnosis

Characterised in Australia by: arciferal pectoral girdle; digits without discs or intercalary cartilages; supraocular region warty, separated from the interorbital region by a thick fold or ridge of skin; maxillary teeth absent; toes fully webbed.

General References

Anonimous Cane Toads (Bufo marinus). Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive-species/feral-animals-australia/cane-toads

Barker, J., Grigg, G. & Tyler, M. 1995. A Field Guide to Australian Frogs. Chipping Norton, NSW : Surrey Beatty & Sons 1995 edn xi, 407 pp.

Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. Sydney : Reed New Holland 6th edition, 808 pp.

Tyler, M.J. 1999. Australian Frogs. Sydney : Reed New Holland pp. 1-192.

History of changes

• Rhinella Fitzinger, L.J. 1826. Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren naturlichen Verwandtschaften. Vienna : Heubner 66 pp. [39].

  Type species:

   Bufo proboscideus Spix, 1824 by original designation.
• Chaunus Wagler, J.G. 1828. Vorläufige übersicht des Gerüstes seines Systema Amphibiorum. Isis von Oken, Jena 21: 859-861.

  Type species:

   Chaunus marmoratus Wagler, 1828 by original designation.
• Ramphophryne Trueb, L. 1971. Phylogenetic relationships of certain neotropical toads with the description of a new genus (Anura: Bufonidae). Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Contributions in Science 216: 1-40.

  Type species:

   Ramphophryne acrolopha Trueb, 1971 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), NSW North Coast (NNC), Pine Creek (PCK), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)

History of changes

• Rana marina Linnaeus, C. 1758. Classis III. Amphibia. pp. 194-238 in Linnaeus, C. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10 Edn., 824 pp. [211].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown, America.

Generic Combinations

• Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758). —
  Chaparro, J.C., Pramuk, J.B. & Gluesenkamp, A.G. 2007. A new species of arboreal Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from cloud forest of southeastern Peru. Herpetologica 63(2): 203-212
• Bufo marinus (Linnaeus, 1758).
• Chaunus marinus (Linnaeus, 1758). —
  Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M. & Wheeler, W.C. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1-370 + Fig. 50 foldout

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Introduced from Hawaiian Islands, but native to far southern U.S., Mexico, Central America and northern South America.

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), NSW North Coast (NNC), Pine Creek (PCK), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Closed forest, crepuscular, lentic freshwater, low open woodland, low woodland, mangrove, nocturnal, open forest, open scrub, swamp, tall forest, terrestrial, woodland.

Extra Ecological Information

Opportunistic breeder, free-living tadpole, breeds in lentic freshwater.

General References

Broughton, W.C. & Sabath, M.D. 1980. The distribution records of the marine toad Bufo marinus. Part 1: Australia. Griffith University, Brisbane, A.E.S. Working Papers 2/80: 1-81

Cochran, D.M. & Goin, C.J. 1970. Frogs of Colombia. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 288: i-xii, 1-655 (extralimital synonyms)

Covacevich, J. & Archer, M. 1975. The distribution of the cane toad, Bufo marinus, in Australia and its effects on indigenous vertebrates. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 17: 305-310

Easteal, S. 1981. The history of introductions of Bufo marinus (Amphibia: Anura); a natural experiment in evolution. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 16: 93-113

Frost, D.R. (ed.) 1985. Amphibian Species of the World; a taxonomic and geographical reference. Lawrence, Kansas : Allen Press & Assoc. Systematics Collections v 732 pp. (for full synonymy)

Gorham, S.W. 1974. Checklist of World Amphibians. Saint John : New Brunswick Museum 172 pp. [81] (exralimital synonyms)

van Beurden, E. & Grigg, G.C. 1980. An isolated and expanding population of the introduced toad Bufo marinus in New South Wales. Australian Wildlife Research 7: 305-310

History of changes

• Pelodryadidae Günther, A. 1858. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum xvi 160 pp. [119].

  Type genus:

   Pelodryas Günther, 1859.

Introduction

A large family of frogs found throughout most of the tropical and temperate regions of the world. Usually termed tree frogs because many species possess sticky discs on the tips of their fingers and toes which make them agile climbers. The family contains about 640 species in 40 genera of which 77 species and three genera occur in Australia.

Following from Duellman et al. (2016) and the Australian Society of Herpetologists (2023) we recognise Pelodryadidae for Australian frogs previously placed in the family Hylidae. (see also Frost et al. 2016).

Excluded Taxa

Other Excluded

HYLIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 [Australasian frogs of the genera Litoria and Cyclorana, previously placed in the Hylidae, are now placed in a separate family, Pelodryadidae. See Frost et al. (2006) and Duellman et al. (2016) and the Australian Society of Herpetologists (2023).] — Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M. & Wheeler, W.C. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1-370 + Fig. 50 foldout; Duellman, W.E., Marion, A.B. & Hedges, S.B. 2016. Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae). Zootaxa 4104(1): 1–109; Australian Society of Herpetologists 30 Nov, 2023. Australian Society of Herpetologists Official List of Australian Species. Australian Society of Herpetologists. https://www.australiansocietyofherpetologists.org/s/ASH-Official-Species-List-30-November-2023-Complete-Version-With-Comments-2crb.pdf

Diagnosis

Characterised in Australia by: arciferal pectoral girdle; intercalary cartilages usually present; finger and toe discs usually present, though sometimes very poorly developed; sacral diapophyses dilated; maxillary teeth present.

General References

Barker, J., Grigg, G. & Tyler, M. 1995. A Field Guide to Australian Frogs. Chipping Norton, NSW : Surrey Beatty & Sons 1995 edn xi, 407 pp.

Brattstrom, B.H. 1970. Thermal acclimation in Australian amphibians. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 35: 69-103

Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. Sydney : Reed New Holland 6th edition, 808 pp.

Copland, S.J. 1957. Presidential address. Australian tree frogs of the genus Hyla. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 82: 9-108

Duellman, W.E., Marion, A.B. & Hedges, S.B. 2016. Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the treefrogs (Amphibia: Anura: Arboranae). Zootaxa 4104(1): 1–109

Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M. & Wheeler, W.C. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1-370 + Fig. 50 foldout [65, 130, 204]

Frost, D.R. (ed.) 1985. Amphibian Species of the World; a taxonomic and geographical reference. Lawrence, Kansas : Allen Press & Assoc. Systematics Collections v 732 pp.

Glasby, C.J., Ross, G.J.B. & Beesley, P.L. (eds) 1993. Fauna of Australia: Amphibia and Reptilia. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 2A vii 439 pp.

Tyler, M.J. 1970. Patterns of distribution and the origins of the Papuan hylid frog fauna. Search 1: 246-247

Tyler, M.J. 1999. Australian Frogs. Sydney : Reed New Holland pp. 1-192.

History of changes

• Cyclorana Steindachner, F. 1867. Amphibien. pp. 1–70 in, Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorff-Urbair. Zoologie 1(4). Vienna : State Printer. [1869 on title page] [29].

  Type species:

   Cyclorana novaehollandiae Steindachner, 1867 by monotypy.
• Chiroleptes Günther, A. 1858. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum xvi 160 pp. [34] [junior homonym of Chiroleptes Kirby, 1837].

  Type species:

   Alytes australis Gray, 1842 by monotypy.
• Phractops Peters, W. 1867. Herpetologische notizen. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1867: 13-37 [1868 on title page] [30].

  Type species:

   Phractops alutaceus Peters, 1867 by monotypy.
• Cheiroleptes Spencer, B. 1901. Two new species of frogs from Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 13: 175-178 [176] [invalid emendation, lapsus for Chiroleptes Günther, 1858].
• Neophractops Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series 1: 1-61 [Date published September, 1985] [5].

  Type species:

   Chiroleptes platycephalus Günther, 1867 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Cogger, H.G. 2002. This checklist.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld, SA, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Central Ranges (CR), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gibson Desert (GD), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Kanmantoo (KAN), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Nullarbor (NUL), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Tanami (TAN), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

History of changes

• Chiroleptes alboguttatus Günther, A. 1867. Additions to the knowledge of Australian reptiles and fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3 20(8): 45-68 [54].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1947.2.18.50–51, Bowen (as Port Denison) and Cape York, QLD; BMNH 1947.2.20.6–7, Bowen (as Port Denison) and Cape York, QLD.
• Chiroleptes albopunctatus Fletcher, J.J. 1894. Contributions to a more exact knowledge of the geographical distribution of Australian Batrachia. 4. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 2 8: 524-533 [525] [error for Chiroleptes alboguttatus Günther, 1894].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Cogger, H.G., in Cogger, H.G., Cameron, E.E. & Cogger, H.M. 1983. Amphibia and Reptilia. 313 pp. in Walton, D.W. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 1 vi + 313 pp. [38]

Generic Combinations

• Cyclorana alboguttata (Günther, 1867). —
  Parker, H.W. 1940. The Australasian frogs of the family Leptodactylidae. Novitates Zoologicae 42: 1-106
• Litoria alboguttata (Günther, 1867). —
  Tyler, M.J. 1974. The systematic position and geographic distribution of the Australian frog Chiroleptes alboguttatus Günther. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 85: 27-32

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Low open woodland, low woodland, noctidiurnal, open scrub, predator, swamp, terrestrial, woodland.

Extra Ecological Information

Free-living tadpole, anuriphagous.

General References

Boontheung, P., Gao, Ch.-W.. Brinkworth, C.S., Bowie, J.H. & Tyler, M.J. 2006. Is the Australian Striped Burrowing Frog Litoria alboguttata a member of Litoria or Cyclorana? A profiling study using skin peptides as a probe. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 130(1): 1-9 ("peptide profiling indicates that Litoria alboguttata is more closely related to the genus Cyclorana than Litoria")

Dawson, A.B. 1951. Functional and degenerate or rudimentary glomeruli in the kidney of two species of Australian frog, Cyclorana (Chiroleptes) platycephalus and alboguttatus (Günther). Anatomical Records 109: 417-430 (as Cyclorana alboguttatus)

Meyer, E., Jamieson, B.G.M. & Scheltinga, D.M. 1997. Sperm ultrastructure of six Australian hylid frogs from two genera (Litoria and Cyclorana): Phylogenetic implications. Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology 29(4): 443-451 (taxonomy)

Moore, J.A. 1961. The frogs of eastern New South Wales. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 121: 149-386 (taxonomy, natural history)

Parker, H.W. 1940. The Australasian frogs of the family Leptodactylidae. Novitates Zoologicae 42: 1-106 (taxonomy)

Tyler, M.J. 1974. The systematic position and geographic distribution of the Australian frog Chiroleptes alboguttatus Günther. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 85: 27-32

History of changes

• Alytes australis Gray, J.E. 1842. Description of some hitherto unrecorded species of Australian reptiles and batrachians. pp. 51-57 in Gray, J.E. (ed.). The Zoological Miscellany. London : Treuttel, Würz & Co. [56].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH 1947.2.18.43–44, Port Essington, NT.

  Type locality references:

  Boulenger, G.A. 1882. Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradentia s. Caudata in the collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum xvi + 503 pp.

Generic Combinations

• Cyclorana australis (Gray, 1842). —
  Parker, H.W. 1940. The Australasian frogs of the family Leptodactylidae. Novitates Zoologicae 42: 1-106
• Litoria australis (Gray, 1842). —
  Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M. & Wheeler, W.C. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1-370 + Fig. 50 foldout

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NT, Qld, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Northern Kimberley (NK), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Sturt Plateau (STU), Tanami (TAN), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB)

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, burrower, low open shrubland, low open woodland, low woodland, nocturnal, open forest, oviparous, predator, swamp, terrestrial, woodland.

Extra Ecological Information

Seasonal breeder in swamps, free-living tadpole, anuriphagous.

General References

King, M., Tyler, M.J., Davies, M. & King, D. 1979. Karyotypic studies on Cyclorana and associated genera of Australian frogs. Australian Journal of Zoology 27: 699-708

Main, A.R. 1965. Frogs of southern Western Australia. Western Australian Naturalist Club Handbook 8: 1-73

Parker, H.W. 1940. The Australasian frogs of the family Leptodactylidae. Novitates Zoologicae 42: 1-106

Tyler, M.J. & Martin, A.A. 1975. Australian leptodactylid frogs of the Cyclorana australis complex. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 99: 93-99

History of changes

• Chiroleptes brevipes Peters, W. 1871. Über einige Arten der herpetologischen Sammlung des Berliner Zoologischen Museums. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1871: 644-652 [1872 on title page] [648].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB 7063 (not found), Port Clinton, QLD (as Port Bowen).
• Chiroleptes brevipalmatus Günther, A. 1876. Descriptions of new species of reptiles from Australia. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, Hamburg 5: 45-47 [47].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1947.2.18.52, Bowen (as Port Denison); BMNH 1947.2.18.53, Peak[es] Downs; BMNH 1947.2.18.54, Gayndah, QLD.

Generic Combinations

• Cyclorana brevipes (Peters, 1871). —
  Parker, H.W. 1940. The Australasian frogs of the family Leptodactylidae. Novitates Zoologicae 42: 1-106

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NSW, Qld: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, burrower, nocturnal, open forest, oviparous, predator, tall open forest, terrestrial.

Extra Ecological Information

Seasonal breeder, free-living tadpole.

General References

King, M., Tyler, M.J., Davies, M. & King, D. 1979. Karyotypic studies on Cyclorana and associated genera of Australian frogs. Australian Journal of Zoology 27: 699-708

Parker, H.W. 1940. The Australasian frogs of the family Leptodactylidae. Novitates Zoologicae 42: 1-106

History of changes

• Cyclorana cryptotis Tyler, M.J. & Martin, A.A. 1977. Taxonomic studies of some Australian leptodactylid frogs of the genus Cyclorana Steindachner. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 17: 261-276 [271, fig. 7a-c].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA R14716, Daly Waters, NT.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NT, WA: Central Kimberley (CK), Daly Basin (DAB), Dampierland (DL), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Victoria Bonaparte (VB)

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, burrower, nocturnal, oviparous, terrestrial.

General References

King, M., Tyler, M.J., Davies, M. & King, D. 1979. Karyotypic studies on Cyclorana and associated genera of Australian frogs. Australian Journal of Zoology 27: 699-708

Tyler, M.J., Davies, M. & Martin, A.A. 1981. Frog fauna of the Northern Territory: new distributional records and the description of a new species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 105: 149-154

History of changes

• Cyclorana cultripes Parker, H.W. 1940. The Australasian frogs of the family Leptodactylidae. Novitates Zoologicae 42: 1-106 [22].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1947.2.18.45, Alexandria, NT.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NT, Qld, SA, WA: Channel Country (CHC), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Tanami (TAN)

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, burrower, desert, low open shrubland, nocturnal, oviparous, predator, tall shrubland, terrestrial, tussock grassland.

Extra Ecological Information

Opportunistic breeder, free-living tadpole.

General References

Main, A.R. 1965. Frogs of southern Western Australia. Western Australian Naturalist Club Handbook 8: 1-73

Tyler, M.J. & Martin, A.A. 1977. Taxonomic studies of some Australian leptodactylid frogs of the genus Cyclorana Steindachner. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 17: 261-276

History of changes

• Cyclorana longipes Tyler, M.J. & Martin, A.A. 1977. Taxonomic studies of some Australian leptodactylid frogs of the genus Cyclorana Steindachner. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 17: 261-276 [271, figs 1a-b,d, 7b,d].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM R43258, Mitchell Plateau '(14º52´S 125º50´E)', Kimberley Division, WA.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NT, Qld, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Dampierland (DL), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Northern Kimberley (NK), Pine Creek (PCK), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, burrower, nocturnal, oviparous, terrestrial.

General References

King, M., Tyler, M.J., Davies, M. & King, D. 1979. Karyotypic studies on Cyclorana and associated genera of Australian frogs. Australian Journal of Zoology 27: 699-708

History of changes

• Cyclorana maculosa Tyler, M.J. & Martin, A.A. 1977. Taxonomic studies of some Australian leptodactylid frogs of the genus Cyclorana Steindachner. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 17: 261-276 [269, fig. 6a,d].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA R14719, Daly Waters, NT.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NT, Qld: Sturt Plateau (STU)

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, burrower, low woodland, nocturnal, oviparous, terrestrial, woodland.

History of changes

• Cyclorana maini Tyler, M.J. & Martin, A.A. 1977. Taxonomic studies of some Australian leptodactylid frogs of the genus Cyclorana Steindachner. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 17: 261-276 [273, fig. 8].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA R15191, Barrow Creek, NT.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NT, SA, WA: Carnarvon (CAR), Central Ranges (CR), Gascoyne (GAS), Gibson Desert (GD), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), Murchison (MUR), Pilbara (PIL), Yalgoo (YAL)

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, burrower, desert, low open shrubland, nocturnal, oviparous, tall shrubland, terrestrial.

Extra Ecological Information

Opportunistic breeder, free-living tadpole.

General References

King, M., Tyler, M.J., Davies, M. & King, D. 1979. Karyotypic studies on Cyclorana and associated genera of Australian frogs. Australian Journal of Zoology 27: 699-708

Main, A.R. & Storr, G.M. 1966. Range extensions and notes on the biology of frogs from the Pilbara Region, Western Australia. Western Australian Naturalist 10: 53-61 (as Cyclorana cultripes)

History of changes

• Cyclorana manya van Beurden, E. & McDonald, K.R. 1980. A new species of Cyclorana (Anura: Hylidae) from north Queensland. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 104: 193-195 [193].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM J34886, between Coen airport and Deep Creek crossing, 25 km N of Coen township, QLD [13°52'S 143°12'E].

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

Qld: Cape York Peninsula (CYP)

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, burrower, nocturnal, oviparous, terrestrial, woodland.

History of changes

• Cyclorana novaehollandiae Steindachner, F. 1867. Amphibien. pp. 1–70 in, Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorff-Urbair. Zoologie 1(4). Vienna : State Printer. [1869 on title page] [29, pl. 2 figs 7-10].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) NHMW 4716–7, Rockhampton, QLD.
• Phractops alutaceus Peters, W. 1867. Herpetologische notizen. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1867: 13-37 [1868 on title page] [31] [there is evidence that this name was published prior to Cyclorana novaehollandiae Steindachner, 1867].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB 5653, Rockhampton, QLD.
  Paratype(s) AMNH 23581; RMNH 3867.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Cogger, H.G., in Cogger, H.G., Cameron, E.E. & Cogger, H.M. 1983. Amphibia and Reptilia. 313 pp. in Walton, D.W. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 1 vi + 313 pp. [37]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NSW, Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, burrower, closed forest, low open shrubland, low woodland, nocturnal, open forest, open scrub, oviparous, tall shrubland, terrestrial, tussock grassland, woodland.

Extra Ecological Information

Seasonal breeder, free-living tadpole, anuriphagous.

General References

Main, A.R. 1965. Frogs of southern Western Australia. Western Australian Naturalist Club Handbook 8: 1-73

Parker, H.W. 1940. The Australasian frogs of the family Leptodactylidae. Novitates Zoologicae 42: 1-106

Tyler, M.J. & Martin, A.A. 1975. Australian leptodactylid frogs of the Cyclorana australis complex. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 99: 93-99

History of changes

• Cyclorana occidentalis Anstis, M., Price, L.C., Roberts, J.D., Catalano, S.R., Hines, H.B., Doughty, P. & Donnellan, S.C. 2016. Revision of the water-holding frogs, Cyclorana platycephala (Anura: Hylidae), from arid Australia, including a description of a new species. Zootaxa 4126(4): 451-479 [469].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM R111826 ♀, 55 km E Newman, Pilbara, Western Australia [23.4908°S, 120.3172°E].
  Paratype(s) WAM Numerous, Various locations, Western Australia.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Arid to semi-arid areas of central WA

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

WA: Carnarvon (CAR), Gascoyne (GAS), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), Murchison (MUR), Pilbara (PIL), Yalgoo (YAL)

History of changes

• Chiroleptes platycephalus Günther, A. 1873. Description of two new species of frogs from Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 11: 349-350 [350].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1947.2.18.42, Fort Bourke, NSW.
• Cyclorana slevini Loveridge, A. 1950. New frogs of the genera Cyclorana and Hyla from south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63: 131-138 [131].

  Type data:

   Holotype CAS 82052, Noondoo, SE QLD.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Cogger, H.G., in Cogger, H.G., Cameron, E.E. & Cogger, H.M. 1983. Amphibia and Reptilia. 313 pp. in Walton, D.W. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 1 vi + 313 pp. [37]

Generic Combinations

• Cyclorana platycephala (Günther, 1873). —
  Parker, H.W. 1940. The Australasian frogs of the family Leptodactylidae. Novitates Zoologicae 42: 1-106

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld, SA, WA: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Central Ranges (CR), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Finke (FIN), Gascoyne (GAS), Gibson Desert (GD), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Pilbara (PIL), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Tanami (TAN), Yalgoo (YAL)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, burrower, desert, hummock grassland, low open shrubland, low shrubland, low woodland, nocturnal, oviparous, tall shrubland, terrestrial.

Extra Ecological Information

Opportunistic aquatic breeder.

General References

Dawson, A.B. 1951. Functional and degenerate or rudimentary glomeruli in the kidney of two species of Australian frog, Cyclorana (Chiroleptes) platycephalus and alboguttatus (Günther). Anatomical Records 109: 417-430

King, M., Tyler, M.J., Davies, M. & King, D. 1979. Karyotypic studies on Cyclorana and associated genera of Australian frogs. Australian Journal of Zoology 27: 699-708

Main, A.R. 1965. Frogs of southern Western Australia. Western Australian Naturalist Club Handbook 8: 1-73

Parker, H.W. 1940. The Australasian frogs of the family Leptodactylidae. Novitates Zoologicae 42: 1-106

van Beurden, E.K. 1980. Energy metabolism of dormant Australian water-holding frogs (Cyclorana platycephalus). Copeia 1980: 787-799

History of changes

• Cyclorana vagitus Tyler, M.J., Davies, M. & Martin, A.A. 1981. New and rediscovered species of frogs from the Derby-Broome area of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 9: 147-172 [148, figs 1-4].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM R71037, junction of the Great Northern Highway and the road to Derby, 41 km S of Derby, Kimberley District, WA [124°38'E 17°44'S].

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NT, WA: Northern Kimberley (NK), Victoria Bonaparte (VB)

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, burrower, hummock grassland, nocturnal, oviparous, terrestrial, tussock grassland.

Extra Ecological Information

'flooded grassland and on a flooded spinifex plain'.

History of changes

• Cyclorana verrucosus Tyler, M.J. & Martin, A.A. 1977. Taxonomic studies of some Australian leptodactylid frogs of the genus Cyclorana Steindachner. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 17: 261-276 [267, fig. 2c-d, 5].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM J18105, 18km W of Dalby, QLD.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NSW, Qld: Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Mulga Lands (ML)

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, burrower, low open shrubland, low open woodland, low woodland, nocturnal, open woodland, oviparous, tall shrubland, terrestrial.

Extra Ecological Information

Free-living tadpole.

History of changes

• Litoria Tschudi, J.J. von 1838. Classification der Batrachier, mit Berücksichtigung der fossilen Tiere dieser Abteilung der Reptilien. Neuchâtel : Erück Petitpierre 102 pp. [36, 77].

  Type species:

   Litoria freycineti Tschudi, 1838 by monotypy.
• Ranoidea Tschudi, J.J. von 1838. Classification der Batrachier, mit Berücksichtigung der fossilen Tiere dieser Abteilung der Reptilien. Neuchâtel : Erück Petitpierre 102 pp. [35, 76].

  Type species:

   Ranoidea jacksoniensis Tschudi, 1838 by monotypy.
• Dryopsophus Fitzinger, L.J. 1843. Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus Primus. Amblyglossae. Vienna : Braümüller et Seidel i-vi, 106 pp. [30].

  Type species:

   Hyla citropa Duméril & Bibron, 1841 by original designation (as Hyla citropa Péron ms).
• Euscelis Fitzinger, L.J. 1843. Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus Primus. Amblyglossae. Vienna : Braümüller et Seidel i-vi, 106 pp. [31].

  Type species:

   Hyla lesueurii Duméril & Bibron, 1841 by original designation.
• Pelobius Fitzinger, L.J. 1843. Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus Primus. Amblyglossae. Vienna : Braümüller et Seidel i-vi, 106 pp. [31].

  Type species:

   Litoria freycineti Tschudi, 1838 by original designation (as Litor[ia] freycineti Duméril & Bibron).
• Pelodryas Günther, A. 1858. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum xvi 160 pp. [119].

  Type species:

   Rana caerulea White, 1790 by monotypy.
• Chirodryas Keferstein, W. 1867. Ueber einige neue oder seltene Batrachier aus Australien und dem tropischen Amerika. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen 18: 341-361 [358].

  Type species:

   Chirodryas raniformis Keferstein, 1867 by monotypy.
• Hylomantis Peters, W. 1880. Mitteilung über neue oder weniger bekannte Amphibien des Berliner Zoologischen Museums. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1880: 217-224 [1881 on title page] [224] [junior homonym of Hylomantis Peters 1872; 1881 on title page].

  Type species:

   Hylomantis fallax Peters, 1880 by monotypy.
• Drymomantis Peters, W. 1882. [Name change of genus from Hylomantis to Drymomantis]. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1882: 8 [8] [nom. nov. for Hylomantis Peters, 1880].
• Mitrolysis Cope, E.D. 1889. The Batrachia of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 34: 1-515 [312].

  Type species:

   Chiroleptes alboguttatus Günther, 1867 by original designation.
• Fanchonia Werner, F. 1893. Herpetologische nova. Zoologischer Anzeiger 16: 81-84 [82].

  Type species:

   Fanchonia elegans Werner, 1893 by monotypy.
• Brendanura Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series 1: 1-61 [Date published September, 1985] [4].

  Type species:

   Chiroleptes alboguttatus Günther, 1867 by original designation.
• Coggerdonia Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series 1: 1-61 [Date published September, 1985] [4].

  Type species:

   Hyla adelaidensis Gray, 1841 by original designation.
• Colleeneremia Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series 1: 1-61 [Date published September, 1985] [4].

  Type species:

   Hyla rubella Gray, 1842 by original designation.
• Llewellynura Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series 1: 1-61 [Date published September, 1985] [5].

  Type species:

   Hyla dorsalis microbelos Cogger, 1966 by original designation.
• Mahonabatrachus Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series 1: 1-61 [Date published September, 1985] [5].

  Type species:

   Hyla meiriana Tyler, 1969 by original designation.
• Mosleyia Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series 1: 1-61 [Date published September, 1985] [5].

  Type species:

   Hyla nannotis Andersson, 1916 by original designation (.).
• Pengilleyia Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series 1: 1-61 [Date published September, 1985] [6].

  Type species:

   Litoria tyleri Martin, Watson, Gartside, Littlejohn, Loftus-Hills, 1979 by original designation.
• Rawlinsonia Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series 1: 1-61 [Date published September, 1985] [6].

  Type species:

   Hyla ewingii Duméril & Bibron, 1841 by original designation.
• Saganura Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series 1: 1-61 [Date published September, 1985] [6].

  Type species:

   Hyla burrowsi Scott, 1942 by original designation.
• Sandyrana Wells, R.W. & Wellington, C.R. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology Supplementary Series 1: 1-61 [Date published September, 1985] [6].

  Type species:

   Hyla infrafrenata Günther, 1867 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Cogger, H.G., in Cogger, H.G., Cameron, E.E. & Cogger, H.M. 1983. Amphibia and Reptilia. 313 pp. in Walton, D.W. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 1 vi + 313 pp. [38]
• Shea, G.M. & Sadlier, R.A. 1999. A catalogue of the non-fossil amphibian and reptile type specimens in the collection of the Australian Museum: types currently, previously and purportedly present. Technical Reports of the Australian Museum 15: 1-91
• Cogger, H.G. 2002. This checklist.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

E Indonesia.

IBRA

New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), Wet Tropics (WT) ; ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Central Ranges (CR), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gibson Desert (GD), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Nullarbor (NUL), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Distribution References

History of changes

• Hyla adelaidensis Gray, J.E. 1841. Description of some new species and four new genera of reptiles from Western Australia, discovered by John Gould, Esq. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7 42: 86-91 [90].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1947.2.22.80, Western Australia.
• Hyla bioculata Gray, J.E. 1841. Description of some new species and four new genera of reptiles from Western Australia, discovered by John Gould, Esq. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7 42: 86-91 [90].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH 1947.2.23.68–74, Western Australia.
• Hyla binoculata Gray, J.E. 1841. A catalogue of the species of Reptiles and Amphibia hitherto described as inhabiting Australia, with a description of some new species from Western Australia. Appendix E. pp. 422-449 in Grey, G. (ed.). Journals of Two Expeditions of Discovery in North-west and Western Australia During the Years 1837, 38, and 39, Under the Authority of Her Majesty's Government. Describing many newly discovered, important, and fertile districts, with observations on the moral and physical condition of the aboriginal inhabitants, &c. &c. London : T. & W. Boone Vol. 2 vii 482 pp. [Date published Nov. 1841] [447] [unjustified emendation, lapsus for Hyla bioculata Gray, 1841].
• Hyla schuetteii Keferstein, W. 1868. Über die Batrachier Australiens. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 34: 253-290 [279, pl. 8 figs 27-28].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZFMK (ZMG 108b), Sydney, NSW (?in error).

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Cogger, H.G., in Cogger, H.G., Cameron, E.E. & Cogger, H.M. 1983. Amphibia and Reptilia. 313 pp. in Walton, D.W. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 1 vi + 313 pp. [38]

Generic Combinations

• Litoria adelaidensis (Gray, 1841). —
  Tyler, M.J. 1971. The phylogenetic significance of vocal sac structure in hylid frogs. University of Kansas Publications of the Museum of Natural History 19: 319-360

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

WA: Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mallee (MAL), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Warren (WAR)

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, nocturnal, open forest, oviparous, predator, swamp, tall forest, woodland.

Extra Ecological Information

Seasonal breeder, free-living tadpole, breeds in swamps.

General References

Copland, S.J. 1957. Presidential address. Australian tree frogs of the genus Hyla. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 82: 9-108 (taxonomy)

Main, A.R. 1965. Frogs of southern Western Australia. Western Australian Naturalist Club Handbook 8: 1-73 (natural history)

History of changes

• Litoria andiirrmalin McDonald, K.R. 1997. A new stream-dwelling Litoria from the Melville Range, Queensland, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 42(1): 307-309 [307].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM J59000 ♀ adult, Temple Creek on the eastern slopes of the Melville Range, Cape Melville National Park, QLD [14°16'S 144°31'E].

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Currently known only from the immediate vicinity of the type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

Qld: Cape York Peninsula (CYP)

Ecological Descriptors

Arthropod-feeder, closed forest, lotic freshwater, nocturnal, oviparous, predator.

General References

Hoskin, C.J. 2014. The advertisement call of the Cape Melville Treefrog Litoria andiirrmalin (Anura: Hylidae). Zootaxa 3786(4): 499–500

History of changes

• Rana aurea Lesson, R.P. 1829. Description de quelques reptiles nouveaux ou peu connus. pp. 34-65 in Duperrey, L.I. (ed.). (1826–1838) Voyage Autour du Monde, Exécuté par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de sa Majesté, La Coquille, Pendant les Années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Zoologie 2(1) and Atlas (Reptiles 7 pls). Paris : Arthus Bertrand. [published over the period 1826-1838, Sherborn, C.D. & Woodward, B.B. 1901. Notes on the dates of publication of the natural history portions of some French voyages. Part 1. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7 7: 388–392 established date of the text as 1831] [60, pl. VII fig. 3] [see Sherborn & Woodward (1906) on the dates of publication of Lesson's volumes].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) (but MNHP 4857 from Port Jackson cited as a lectotype by Roux-Estève, R. 1979. Liste des Amphibiens et Reptiles des collections du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, récoltés par Lesueur (1778–1846). Bull. Trim. Soc. Géol. Normandie et Amis Muséum du Havre 66: 25–29 [26]), Macquarie River at Bathurst, NSW.

  Secondary source:

   Sherborn, C.D. & Woodward, B.B. 1906. Notes on the dates of publication of the natural history portions of some French voyages.—'Voyage autour du Monde .... sur .... la Coquille pendant .... 1822–25 .... Par L.J. Duperry', &c.—A correction. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7 17: 335-336.
• Ranoidea jacksoniensis Tschudi, J.J. von 1838. Classification der Batrachier, mit Berücksichtigung der fossilen Tiere dieser Abteilung der Reptilien. Neuchâtel : Erück Petitpierre 102 pp. [35, 76].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MNHP 537?, Port Jackson, NSW; MNHP 4857–8 (MNHP 4858 from Port Jackson, NSW, regarded as holotype by Guibé, J. 1950. Catalogue des types d'Amphibiens du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris : Imprimerie Nationale 71 pp.; MNHP 537 cited as a speciemen of Litoria adelaidensis from Perth, by Roux-Estève, R. 1979. Liste des Amphibiens et Reptiles des collections du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, récoltés par Lesueur (1778–1846). Bull. Trim. Soc. Géol. Normandie et Amis Muséum du Havre 66: 25–29 [26]), Port Jackson, NSW.
• Ranoidea resplendens Girard, C. 1853. Descriptions of new species of reptiles, collected by the U.S. Exploring Expedition, under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Second Part. Including the species of batrachians, exotic to North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 6: 420-424 [1854 on title page] [422].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown (not found), Wollongong, Illawarra, NSW.
• H[yla] jacksonii Duméril, A.M.C., Bibron, G. & Duméril, A. 1854. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Paris : Roret Vol. 9 xx 440 pp. [407] [unjustified emendation for Hyla jacksoniensis Duméril & Bibron, 1841, itself only a new combination for Ranoidea jacksoniensis Tschudi, 1838].
• Fanchonia elegans Werner, F. 1893. Herpetologische nova. Zoologischer Anzeiger 16: 81-84 [82].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown (not found), unknown locality (as Tropical Africa).
• Hyla blandsuttoni Procter, J.B. 1924. Unrecorded characters seen in living snakes, and description of a new tree-frog. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1924: 1125-1129 [1128, pl. 3].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown (presumed lost), ?QLD.
• Hyla aurea ulongae Loveridge, A. 1950. New frogs of the genera Cyclorana and Hyla from south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63: 131-138 [133].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM R13817 (ex CAS 83235), Ulong, NSW.
• [Hyla] [aurea] ulongensis Loveridge, A. 1950. New frogs of the genera Cyclorana and Hyla from south-eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 63: 131-138 [134] [lapsus for Hyla aurea ulongae Loveridge, 1950].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Werner, F. 1897. Über einige noch unbeschriebene Reptilian und Batrachier. Zoologischer Anzeiger 20: 261-267 (for Fanchonia elegans Werner, 1893)
• Cogger, H.G., in Cogger, H.G., Cameron, E.E. & Cogger, H.M. 1983. Amphibia and Reptilia. 313 pp. in Walton, D.W. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 1 vi + 313 pp. [39]

Generic Combinations

• Hyla aurea (Lesson, 1829). —
  Günther, A. 1858. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum xvi 160 pp.
• Litoria aurea (Lesson, 1829).

Introduction

The Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales held a 'bell frog symposium' in 2006, to discuss ecology and conservation of Litoria aurea, and published the proceedings from the Symposium in 2008, see Goldingay & Osborne (2008).

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Vic: NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC)

Ecological Descriptors

Amphibious, lentic freshwater, low open woodland, noctidiurnal, open forest, predator, swamp, woodland.

Extra Ecological Information

Seasonal breeder, free-living tadpole, general carnivore.

General References

Copland, S.J. 1957. Presidential address. Australian tree frogs of the genus Hyla. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 82: 9-108 (taxonomy)

Courtice, G.P. & Grigg, G.C. 1975. A taxonomic revision of the Litoria aurea complex (Anura: Hylidae) in south-eastern Australia. The Australian Zoologist 18: 149-163 (taxonomy)

Goldingay, R & Osborne, W. (eds) 2008. Ecology and Conservation of Australian Bell Frogs. The Australian Zoologist 34(3): 235-458

Harrison, L. 1922. On the breeding habits of some Australian frogs. The Australian Zoologist 3: 17-34

Marriner, G.R. 1905. On the anatomy of Hyla aurea. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 38: 257-265

Moore, J.A. 1961. The frogs of eastern New South Wales. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 121: 149-386 (taxonomy, natural history)

Parker, H.W. 1938. The races of the Australian frog Hyla aurea Lesson. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 11 2: 302-305

History of changes

• Litoria aurifera Anstis, Tyler, Roberts, Price & Doughty, 2010.

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM R169913, creek near Bachsten Creek, Prince Regent River Nature Reserve, Western Australia [15°59'18.2"S 125°19'38.1"E].

  Type locality references:

  Anstis, M., Tyler, M.J., Roberts, J.D., Price, L.C. & Doughty, P. 2010. A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) with a highly distinctive tadpole from the north-western Kimberley region of Western Australia. Zootaxa 2550: 39-57.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

Northern Kimberley (NK)

History of changes

• Litoria axillaris Doughty, 2011.

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM R171472, north of the Prince Regent River, Kimberley region, Western Australia [15°17'37"S 125°29'46"E].

  Type locality references:

  Doughty, P. 2011. An emerging frog diversity hotspot in the northwest Kimberley of Western Australia: another new frog species from the high rainfall zone. Records of the Western Australian Museum 26: 209-216.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

Northern Kimberley (NK)

History of changes

• Litoria balatus Rowley, J.J.L., Mahony, M.J., Hines, H.B., Myers, S., Price, L.C., Shea, G.M. & Donnellan, S.C. 2021. Two new frog species from the Litoria rubella species group from eastern Australia. Zootaxa 5071(1): 001-041 [27].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM J91105 Adult ♂, SVL 36.3 mm, small drainage in the northeastern corner of Anstead Bushland Reserve, near the junction of Mt Crosby and Hawkesbury Roads, Anstead, south-eastern Queensland [-27.5406, 152.8614].

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

South-eastern QLD from Maryborough district, south to the foothills of Mount Barney and west to the Bunya Mountains.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Common Name References

Rowley, J.J.L., Mahony, M.J., Hines, H.B., Myers, S., Price, L.C., Shea, G.M. & Donnellan, S.C. 2021. Two new frog species from the Litoria rubella species group from eastern Australia. Zootaxa 5071(1): 001-041 [27] (Slender Bleating Tree Frog)

History of changes

• Hyla phyllochroa barringtonensis Copland, S.J. 1957. Presidential address. Australian tree frogs of the genus Hyla. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 82: 9-108 [45].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM R9502, Cutler's Pass, Williams River, NSW.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

New England Tablelands (NET)

History of changes

• Litoria bella McDonald, K.R., Rowley, J.J.L., Richards, S.J. & Frankham, G.J. 2016. A new species of treefrog (Litoria) from Cape York Peninsula, Australia. Zootaxa 4171(1): 153-169.

  Type data:

   Holotype QM J74476 ♂, Lankelly Creek, 10 km NE of Coen, Cape York Peninsula, Queensland [13.8869º N; 143.2673ºE].
  Paratype(s) QM J74466–8, J74470, J74473–5, J74478; J38289; J39656; J46363–4, various localities in Cape York region, Queensland.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

Qld: Cape York Peninsula (CYP)

History of changes

• Eucnemis bicolor Gray, J.E. 1842. Description of some hitherto unrecorded species of Australian reptiles and batrachians. pp. 51-57 in Gray, J.E. (ed.). The Zoological Miscellany. London : Treuttel, Würz & Co. [57].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1947.2.22.59, Port Essington, NT.

Generic Combinations

• Litoria bicolor (Gray, 1842).
• Hyla bicolor (Gray, 1842).

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Also southern coastal areas of New Guinea

IBRA

NT, Qld, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Northern Kimberley (NK), Pine Creek (PCK), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Arboreal, arthropod-feeder, closed forest, low open woodland, low woodland, noctidiurnal, open forest, open scrub, predator, riparian, supralittoral, swamp, tall forest, terrestrial, woodland.

Extra Ecological Information

Seasonal breeder, free-living tadpole.

General References

Copland, S.J. 1957. Presidential address. Australian tree frogs of the genus Hyla. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 82: 9-108 (taxonomy)

Moore, J.A. 1961. The frogs of eastern New South Wales. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 121: 149-386 (taxonomy, natural history)

Straughan, I.R. 1968. The Hyla bicolor complex (Anura: Hylidae) in north Queensland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 80: 43-54 (taxonomy)

History of changes

• Hyla booroolongensis Moore, J.A. 1961. The frogs of eastern New South Wales. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 121: 149-386 [292, figs 59-60, pl. 45 fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM R16006, Guy Fawkes Creek, Ebor, NSW.

Generic Combinations

• Litoria booroolongensis (Moore, 1961).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NSW, Qld, Vic: NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South Eastern Highlands (SEH)

Ecological Descriptors

Amphibious, arthropod-feeder, lotic freshwater, nocturnal, open forest, predator, riparian, tall forest, woodland.

Extra Ecological Information

Seasonal breeder, free-living tadpole.

General References

Copland, S.J. 1957. Presidential address. Australian tree frogs of the genus Hyla. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 82: 9-108 (taxonomy, as Hyla X)

Donnellan, S.C. & Mahony, M.J. 2004. Allozyme, chromosomal and morphological variability in the Litoria leseuri species group (Anura: Hylidae), including a description of a new species. Australian Journal of Zoology 52: 1-28 (close relationship with L. leseuri species group)

Moore, J.A. 1961. The frogs of eastern New South Wales. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 121: 149-386 (taxonomy, natural history)

History of changes