Introduction

Kinetoplastids have prominent extranuclear DNA (kinetoplast) and many have a recurrent membrane foring an undulating membrane.

History of changes

Introduction

Bodoninids have two heterodynamic flagella.

History of changes

Introduction

Osmotrophs or phagotrophs, recurrent flagellum free or attached.

History of changes

• Bodo Ehrenberg, C.G. 1832. Über die Entwickelung und Lebensdauer der Infusionsthiere, nebst ferneren Beiträgen zu einer Vergleichung ihrer organsichen Systeme. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1831: 1-154 pls 1-4.

Introduction

Unidentified species recorded from southern Australia.

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Trachydosaurus rugosus Gray, 1825 [SCINCIDAE] Shingleback Lizard, Stumpy-tailed Lizard, Sleepy Lizard (syn. Tiliqua rugosa; rectum)).

Extra Ecological Information

Unidentified species of Bodo have been found in the listed parasite hosts.

General References

Johnston, T.H. 1932. The parasites of the "stumpy-tail" lizard Trachysaurus rugosus. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 56: 62-70

History of changes

• Cryptobia Leidy, J. 1846. Description of a new genus and species of Entozoa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 3: 100-101 [100].

Introduction

Unidentified species recorded from eastern Australia.

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) [LATIDAE] Barramundi (gills); Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) [CYPRINIDAE] Golden Carp, Goldfish (syn. Cyprinus auratus; gills); Gyrinocheilus aymonieri (Tirant, 1883) [GYRINOCHEILIDAE] Siamese Headbreather, Sucking Catfish (imported ornamental fish; gut)).

Extra Ecological Information

Unidentified species of Cryptobia have been found in the listed parasite hosts.

General References

Callinan, R.B. 1988. Diseases of Australian natives fishes. in Fish Diseases. Refresher Course forVeterinarians. Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science : Sydney. pp. 459-472

Copland, J.W. & Grey, D.L. (ed.) 1987. International Workshop on Management of Wild and Cultured Sea bass/barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Darwin.

Evans, B.B & Lester, R.J.G. 2001. Parasites of ornamental fish imported into Australia. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 21: 52-55

Munday, B.L. 1996. Infectious diseases of finfish. in Fish Health Workshop. Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney. pp. 81-132

Owens, L., Glazebrook, J.S., Ladds, P.W. & Campbell, R.S.F. 1988. Disease in tropical mariculture in Australia. pp. 375-416 in Fish diseases. Refresher course for veterinarians. Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney.

Reddacliff, G.L. 1985. Diseases of Aquarium Fishes. A Practical Guide for the Australian Veterinarian. Veterinary Review No. 25 (Post Graduate Foundation in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney).

Reddacliff, G.L. 1988. Diseases of aquarium fish. pp. 299-327 in Fish diseases. Refresher Course for Veterinarians. Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney.

History of changes

• Dimastigella Sandon, H. 1928. A study of the protozoa of some American soils. Soil Science, Baltimore 25: 107-121 [117].

History of changes

• Dimastigella trypaniformis Sandon, H. 1928. A study of the protozoa of some American soils. Soil Science, Baltimore 25: 107-121 [117].

Ecological Descriptors

Endosymbiotic (host(s): Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt, 1896 [MASTOTERMITIDAE] Giant Termite (hindgut (lab. colony))).

Associated Fauna References

Berchtold, M., Philippe, H., Breunig, A., Brugerolle, G. & Konig, H. 1994. The phylogenetic position of Dimastigella trypaniformis within the parasitic kinetoplastids. Parasitology Research 80: 672-679 (Mastotermes darwiniensis)

Breunig, A., Konig, H., Brugerolle, G., Vickerman, K. & Hertel, H. 1993. Isolation and ultrastructural features of a new strain of Dimastigella trypaniformis Sandon, 1928 (Bodonina, Kinetoplastida and comparison with a previously isolated strain. European Journal of Protistology 29: 416-424 (Mastotermes darwiniensis)

History of changes

• Ichthyobodo Pinto, C. 1928. Myxosporideos e outros protozoarios intestinaes de peixes observados na America do Sul. Archivos do Instituto Biológico (São Paulo) 1: 101-135 10 text-figs, 4 pls [replacement name].
• Costia Leclerq, 1890 [junior homonym].

Introduction

Unidentified species recorded from Tasmania.

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758 [SALMONIDAE] Atlantic Salmon (gills); Salmo gairdneri Richardson, 1836 [SALMONIDAE] Rainbow Trout (syn. S. irideus; gills); Salmo sp. [SALMONIDAE]).

Extra Ecological Information

Unidentified species of Ichthyobodo have been found in the listed parasite hosts.

General References

Munday, B.L., Lange, K., Foster, C., Lester, R.J.G. & Handlinger, J. 1993. Amoebic gill disease of sea-caged salmonids in Tasmanian waters. Tasmanian Fisheries Bulletin 28: 14-19

Munday, B.L. & Copland, J.W. 1981. Diseases of farmed freshwater tablefish in Australia. An overview. pp. 160-165 in Fowler, M.E. Wildlife diseases of the Pacific Basin and other countries. Sydney : Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Wildlife Diseases Associations.

History of changes

• Bodo necator Henneguy, L.F. 1883. Sur un Infusoire flagellé, ectopasasite des Poissons. Comptes Rendus Memorias de la Société Biologie Paris xcvi: 658-660.
• Costia necatrix Leclerq, 1890.

Generic Combinations

• Ichthyobodo necator (Henneguy, 1883).

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) [CYPRINIDAE] Golden Carp, Goldfish (syn. Cyprinus auratus; gill, skin); Macquaria ambigua (Richardson, 1845) [PERCICHTHYIDAE] Golden Perch (syn. Plectroplites ambiguus; skin, gills); Macquaria australasica Cuvier, 1830 [PERCICHTHYIDAE] Macquarie Perch (gills); Maccullochella peelii (Mitchell, 1838) [PERCICHTHYIDAE] Murray Cod (syn. Acerina peeli; gills); Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell, 1838) [TERAPONTIDAE] Silver Perch (skin, gills); Anguilla sp. [ANGUILLIDAE] (gill, skin)).

Associated Fauna References

Callinan, R.B. 1988. Diseases of Australian natives fishes. in Fish Diseases. Refresher Course forVeterinarians. Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science : Sydney. pp. 459-472 (Macquaria ambigua; Maccullochella peelii; Bidyanus bidyanus)

Langdon, J.S. 1988. Diseases of introduced Australian fish in Fish Diseases. Refresher Course for Veterinarians. Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney. pp. 225-276 (Carassius auratus)

Langdon, J.S. 1990. Major protozoan and metazoan parasitic diseases of Australian finfish. in Munday, B.L. (ed.) Fin Fish Diseases. Refresher Course for Veterinarians. Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney. pp. 233-255 (Bidyanus bidyanus)

Langdon, J.S. 1992. Major protozoan and metazoan parasitic diseases of Australian finfish in Fin Fish Workshop, Refresher Course for Veterinarians. Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney. pp. 1-26 (Bidyanus bidyanus)

Munday, B.L. 1996. Infectious diseases of finfish. in Fish Health Workshop. Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney. pp. 81-132 (Bidyanus bidyanus; Carassius auratus; Anguilla sp.)

Reddacliff, G.L. 1985. Diseases of Aquarium Fishes. A Practical Guide for the Australian Veterinarian. Veterinary Review No. 25 (Post Graduate Foundation in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney). (Carassius auratus)

Rowland, S.J. & Ingram, B.A. 1991. Diseases of Australian native freshwater fishes with particular emphasis on the ectoparasitic and fungal diseases of Murray cod (Maccullochella peeli), golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) and silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus). Fisheries Bulletin 4, N.S.W. Dept. Agric. & Fisheries. (Macquaria ambigua; Maccullochella peelii; Bidyanus bidyanus; Macquaria australasica)

History of changes

• Pleuromonas Perty, J.A.M. 1848. [Title not found]. Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern 1848: 206.

Distribution

IBRA

Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

History of changes

• Pleuromonas jaculans Perty, J.A.M. 1852. Zur Kenntnis kleinster Lebensformen. Bern : Jent and Reinert.

Distribution

IBRA

Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Anopheles punctulatus Dönitz, 1901 [CULICIDAE] Anopheline Mosquito (gut)).

Associated Fauna References

Mackerras, M.J. & Ercole, Q.N. 1948. Observations on the development of human malarial parasites in the mosquito. 1. Morphological changes. Australian Journal of Experimantal Biology and Medical Science 26: 439-447 (Anopheles punctulatus)

History of changes

• Trypanoplasma Laveran, M. & Mesnil, F. 1901. Recherches morphologiques et experimentales sur le trypanosome des rats (Tr. lewisi Kent). Annales de l'Institut Pasteur 15: 673-713 [673].

Introduction

Unidentified species recorded from Anguilla sp.

Distribution

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Anguilla sp. [ANGUILLIDAE] (blood)).

General References

Munday, B.L. 1996. Infectious diseases of finfish. in Fish Health Workshop. Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney. pp. 81-132

History of changes

• Trypanoplasma parmae Mackerras, I.M. & Mackerras, M.J. 1925. The haematozoa of Australian marine Teleostei. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 50: 359-366.

Distribution

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Parma microlepis Günther, 1862 [POMACENTRIDAE] White-ear (blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Beumer, J.P., Ashburner, L.D., Burberry, M.E., Jetté, E. & Latham, D.J. 1982. A checklist of the parasites of fishes from Australia and its adjacent Antarctic territories. Technical Communication No. 48 of the Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology (Thanet Press, Margate). 1-99 pp. (Parma microlepis)

Mackerras, I.M. & Mackerras, M.J. 1925. The haematozoa of Australian marine Teleostei. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 50: 359-366 (Parma microlepis)

Mackerras, M.J. & Mackerras, I.M. 1961. The haematozoa of Australian frogs and fish. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 123-139 (Parma microlepis)

History of changes

Introduction

Haemoflagellates with one flagellum.

History of changes

History of changes

• Crithidia Léger, L. 1902. Sur un flagellé parasite de l'Anopheles maculipennis. Comptes Rendus Memorias de la Société Biologie Paris 54: 354-356 [355].

Introduction

Unidentified species recorded from eastern Australia.

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 [APIDAE] Honey Bee (gut)).

Associated Fauna References

Langridge, D.F. 1966. Flagellated protozoa (Trypanosomidae) in the honey bee, Apis mellifera, in Australia. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 8: 124-126 (Apis mellifera)

General References

Langridge, D.F. 1966. Flagellated protozoa (Trypanosomidae) in the honey bee, Apis mellifera, in Australia. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 8: 124-126

History of changes

• Crithidia mellificae Langridge, D.F. & McGhee, R.B. 1967. Crithidia mellificae n. sp. an acidophilic trypanosomatid of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Journal of Protozoology 14: 485-487.

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 [APIDAE] Honey Bee (gut (+ culture))).

Associated Fauna References

Langridge, D.F. & McGhee, R.B. 1967. Crithidia mellificae n. sp. an acidophilic trypanosomatid of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Journal of Protozoology 14: 485-487 (Apis mellifera)

History of changes

• Herpetomonas Saville-Kent, W. 1880 [1881]. Manual of the Infusoria, including a description of all known flagellate, ciliated, and tentaculiferous Protozoa, British and foreign, and an account of the organisation and affinities of the sponges. London Vol. I 472 pp. [published in two parts, first in 1880, second in 1881] [245].
• Leptomonas Saville-Kent, W. 1880 [1881]. Manual of the Infusoria, including a description of all known flagellate, ciliated, and tentaculiferous Protozoa, British and foreign, and an account of the organisation and affinities of the sponges. London Vol. I 472 pp. [published in two parts, first in 1880, second in 1881] [243].

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Wet Tropics (WT)

History of changes

• Herpetomonas muscaedomesticae Burnett, 1851 [as Bodo muscae-domesticae].
• Herpetomonas muscarum Saville-Kent, W. 1880 [1881]. Manual of the Infusoria, including a description of all known flagellate, ciliated, and tentaculiferous Protozoa, British and foreign, and an account of the organisation and affinities of the sponges. London Vol. I 472 pp. [published in two parts, first in 1880, second in 1881] [replacement name].

Generic Combinations

• Cercomonas muscae-domesticae (Burnnet [Leidy]). —
  Stein, F. 1878. Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere. Leipzig : Engelmann.
• Bodo muscaedomesticae (Burnett, 1851) [as muscae-domesticae]. —
  Stein, F. 1878. Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere. Leipzig : Engelmann.
• Herpetomonas muscaedomesticae (Burnett, 1851) [as muscae-domesticae]. —
  Prowazek, S. 1904. Die Entwicklung von Herpetomonas, einen mit den Trypanosomen verwandten Flagellaten. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 20: 440-452

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 [MUSCIDAE] Common Housefly; Calliphora stygia (Fabricius, 1782) [CALLIPHORIDAE] Eastern Golden-haired Blowfly (syn. Pollenia stygia, C. villosa); Calliphora augur (Fabricius, 1775) [CALLIPHORIDAE] Lesser Brown Blowfly, Blue-bodied Blowfly (syn. C. oceaniae = Anastellorhina augur)).

Associated Fauna References

Johnston, T.H. 1916. A census of the endoparasites recorded as occurring in Queensland, arranged under their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 28: 31-79 (Calliphora stygia; Calliphora augur; Musca domestica)

History of changes

• Leishmania Ross, R. 1903. A new parasite of man. Thompson Yates and Johnstone Laboratories Reports 5 2: 79-82, 1 pl.

Introduction

Unidentified species recorded from northern Australia.

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Dampierland (DL), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Macropus agilis (Gould, 1842) [MACROPODIDAE] Agile Wallaby (skin (+ PCR + ELISA)); Macropus bernardus Rothschild, 1904 [MACROPODIDAE] Black Wallaroo (skin (+ PCR + ELISA)); Macropus robustus Gould, 1841 [MACROPODIDAE] Common Wallaroo (skin (culture + PCR + ELISA)); Macropus rufus (Desmarest, 1822) [MACROPODIDAE] Red Kangaroo (syn. Megalia rufus; skin (+ PCR))).

Extra Ecological Information

Unidentified species of Leishmania have been found in the listed parasite hosts.

General References

Dougall, A., Shilton, C., Low Choy, J., Alexander, B. & Walton, S. 2009. New reports of Australian cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Australian macropods. Epidemiology and Infection 137: 1516-1520

Ladds, P. 2009. Pathology of Australian Native Wildlife. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing 640 pp.

Rose, K. 2004. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in red kangaroos. Australian Veterinary Journal 82: 440

Rose, K., Curtis, J., Baldwin, T., Mathis, A., Kumar, B., Sakthianandeswaren, A., Spurck, T., Choy, J.L. & Handman, E. 2004. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in red kangaroos: isolation and characterisation of the causative organisms. International Journal for Parasitology 34: 655-664

History of changes

• Leishmania braziliensis Vianna, G. 1911. Sobre uma nova espécie de Leishmania (nota preliminar). Brasil Médico 25: 411.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Tourists, South America, Central America

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Dampierland (DL), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 [HOMINIDAE] Human (skin (+ PCR))).

Associated Fauna References

Konecny, P. & Stark, D.J. 2007. An Australian case of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. Medical Journal of Australia 186: 315-317 (Homo sapiens)

Maguire, G.P., Bastian, I., Arianayagam, S., Bryceson, A. & Currie, B.J. 1998. New world cutaneous leshmaniasis imported into Australia. Pathology 30: 73-76 (Homo sapiens)

History of changes

• Piroplasma donovani Laveran, A. & Mesnil, F. 1903. Sur un Protozoaire nouveau (Piroplasma donovani Lav. et Mesn.) parasite d'une fièvre de l'Inde. Compte rendu de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris 137: 957-961, 17 text-figs.

Generic Combinations

• Leishmania donovani (Laveran & Mesnil, 1903). —
  Ross, R. 1903. A new parasite of man. Thompson Yates and Johnstone Laboratories Reports 5 2: 79-82, 1 pl.

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr, 1792) [PHALANGERIDAE] Common Brushtail Possum (heart (exptl. infection)); Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 [HOMINIDAE] Human (skin)).

Associated Fauna References

Backhouse T.C. & Bolliger A. 1951. Transmission of Chagas' disease to the Australian marsupial Trichosurus vulpecula. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 44: 521-533 (Trichosurus vulpecula)

Hagger, T.D. 1956. A case of visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar. Medical Journal of Australia 2: 198-199 (Homo sapiens)

Ladds, P. 2009. Pathology of Australian Native Wildlife. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing 640 pp. (Trichosurus vulpecula)

Mackerras, M.J. 1958. Catalogue of Australian mammals and their recorded internal parasites. Part I. Monotremes and marsupials. Part II. Eutheria. Part III. Introduced herbivora and the domestic pig. Part IV. Man. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 83: 101-160 (Homo sapiens)

Rigg, A. 1957. Kala-azar in a child of five years. Medical Journal of Australia 1: 389-391 (Homo sapiens)

History of changes

• Leishmania infantum Nicolle, C. 1908. Le Kala-Azar infantile. Annales de l'Institut Pasteur 23: 361-401, 441-471.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Immigrant

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 [HOMINIDAE] Human (skin (culture + PCR))).

Associated Fauna References

Stark, D., Pett, S., Marriott, S. & Harkness, J. 2006. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patient. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 44: 1178-1180 (Homo sapiens)

History of changes

• Leishmania major Yakimoff, W.L. & Schokkor, N.I. 1914. Récherches sur les maladies tropicales humaines et animals au Turkestan — II. La leishmaniose cutanée spontanée du chien au Turkestan. Bulletin de la Société Pathologie Exotique 7: 186–187.

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 [MURIDAE] House Mouse (syn. M. domesticus; skin (exptl.))).

Associated Fauna References

Uboldi A.D., Lueder F.B., Walsh P., Spurck T., McFadden G.I., Curtis J., Likic V.A., Perugini M.A., Barson M., Lithgow T. & Handman E. 2006. A mitochondrial protein affects cell morphology, mitochondrial segregation and virulence in Leishmania. International Journal for Parasitology 36: 1499-1514 (Mus musculus)

Zhu, Y., Davis, A., Smith, B.J., Curtis, J. & Handman, E. 2009. Leishmania major Cor-A-like magnesium transporters play a critical role in parasite development and virulence. International Journal for Parasitology 39: 713-723 (Mus musculus)

History of changes

• Perkinsiella Hollande, A. 1981. Identification du parasome (Nebenkern) de Janickina pigmentifera a un symbionte (Perkinsiella amoebae nov. gen.-nov.sp.) apparenté aux flagellés kinetoplastidies. Protistologica 16: 613-625 [Date published 1981: dated 1980] [junior homonym of Perkinsiella Kirkaldy, 1903 (Hemiptera)].

Introduction

Perkinsiella Hollande, 1981 is a junior homonym of of the hemipteran name Perkinsiella Kirkaldy, 1903 and requires a replacement name.

Distribution

IBRA

Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)

History of changes

• Perkinsiella amoebae Hollande, A. 1981. Identification du parasome (Nebenkern) de Janickina pigmentifera a un symbionte (Perkinsiella amoebae nov. gen.-nov.sp.) apparenté aux flagellés kinetoplastidies. Protistologica 16: 613-625 [Date published 1981: dated 1980].

Generic Combinations

• Perkinsiella amoebae (Hollande, 1981).

Distribution

IBRA

Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Neoparamoeba branchiphila Dykova et al., 2005 [PARAMOEBIDAE] Amoebae (endosymbiont (cytoplasm); gills); Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis (Page, 1970) [PARAMOEBIDAE] Amoebae (syn. Paramoeba pemaquidensis Page, 1970; endosymbiont (cytoplasm); gills)).

Associated Fauna References

Dyková, I., Nowak, B.F., Crosbie, P.B.B., Fiala, I., Pecková, H., Adams, M., Macháčková, B. & Dvořáková, H. 2005. Neoparamoeba branchiphila n. sp., and related species of the genus Neoparamoeba Page, 1987: morphological and molecular characterization of selected strains. Journal of Fish Diseases 28: 49-64 (Neoparamoeba branchiphila; Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis)

History of changes

• Phytomonas Donovan, C. 1909. Kala-azar in Madras, especially with regard to its connexion with the dog and the bug (Conorrhinus). Lancet 177: 1495-1496.

Introduction

Unidentified species recorded from Queensland.

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (associated flora: Sarcostemma australe R.Br. [APOCYNACEAE] Caustic Vine (latex); Hoya australis R.Brown, 1828 [APOCYNACEAE] Common Wax Flower (latex); Secamone elliptica R.Br., 1810 [APOCYNACEAE] Secamone Vine (latex)).

Extra Ecological Information

Unidentified species of Phytomonas have been found in the listed parasite hosts.

General References

Bancroft, T.L. 1927. Flagellates in certain Queensland plants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 39: 22

Holmes, F.O. 1931. Herpetomonas bancrofti n. sp. from the latex of a ficus in Queensland. Contributions from the Boyce Thompson Institute 3: 375-384

History of changes

• Herpetomonas bancrofti Holmes, F.O. 1931. Herpetomonas bancrofti n. sp. from the latex of a ficus in Queensland. Contributions from the Boyce Thompson Institute 3: 375-384.

Generic Combinations

• Phytomonas bancrofti (Holmes, 1931). —
  McGhee, R.B. & McGhee, A.H. 1979. Biology and stracture of Phytomonas staheli sp. n., a trypanosomatid located in sieve tubes of coconut and oil palms. Journal of Parasitology 26: 348-351

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (associated flora: Ficus scabra G.Forst., 1786 [MORACEAE] Rough Fig (latex; as Herpetomonas bancrofti); Ficus opposita Miq., 1848 [MORACEAE] Sandpaper Fig (latex)).

Associated Flora References

Wallace, F.G., Roitman, I. & Camargo, E.P. 1992. Trypanosomatids of plants. pp. 55-84 in Kreier, J.P. & Baker, J.R. Parasitic Protozoa. San Diego : Academic Press 2. (Ficus opposita)

General References

Bancroft, T.L. 1927. Flagellates in certain Queensland plants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 39: 22

Holmes, F.O. 1931. Herpetomonas bancrofti n. sp. from the latex of a ficus in Queensland. Contributions from the Boyce Thompson Institute 3: 375-384

History of changes

• Trypanosoma Gruby, M. 1843. Recherches et observations sur une nouvelle espèce d'hématozoaire, Trypanosoma sanguinis. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences. Paris 17: 1134-1336 [1134].

Introduction

Unidentified species recorded from most Australian states.

Distribution

States

Queensland

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gawler (GAW), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL) ; Qld: South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

IMCRA

Timor Province (2), Northwest Transition (3), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Pseudomys albocinereus (Gould, 1845) [MURIDAE] Ash-grey Mouse (blood (PCR)); Gymnorhina tibicen (Latham, 1801) [CRACTICIDAE] Australian Magpie, Black-backed Magpie (blood); Mixophyes fleayi Corben & Ingram, 1987 [MYOBATRACHIDAE] Barred Frog (blood (PCR)); Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) [MURIDAE] Black Rat (blood); Pardalotus melanocephalus (Gould, 1838) [PARDALOTIDAE] Black-headed Pardalote, Chip-chip (blood); Entomyzon cyanotis (Latham, 1801) [MELIPHAGIDAE] Blue-faced Honeyeater (syn. Entomyza cyanotis; blood); Ninox boobook Latham, 1801 [STRIGIDAE] Boobook Owl (blood); Bettongia penicillata Gray, 1837 [POTOROIDAE] Brush-tailed Bettong, Woylie (blood (PCR)); Petrogale penicillata (Gray, 1825) [MACROPODIDAE] Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby (blood (PCR)); Bettongia lesueuri (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) [POTOROIDAE] Burrowing Bettong, Boodie (blood (PCR)); Rattus fuscipes (Waterhouse, 1839) [MURIDAE] Bush Rat (blood (PCR)); Rattus macleari (Thomas, 1887) [MURIDAE] Christmas Island Rat ([now extinct] = Mus macleari; blood); Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr, 1792) [PHALANGERIDAE] Common Brushtail (blood (PCR)); Planigale maculata (Gould, 1851) [DASYURIDAE] Common Planigale (blood (PCR)); Vombatus ursinus (Shaw, 1800) [VOMBATIDAE] Common Wombat (syn. Phascolom mitchelli; blood (culture)(PCR)); Ctenotus taeniolatus (White, 1790) [SCINCIDAE] Copper-tailed Skink (blood); Lygosoma taeniolatum White, ex Shaw, 1790 [SCINCIDAE] Copper-tailed Skink (blood); Strepera sp. [CRACTICIDAE] Currawong (blood (culture) (PCR)); Nyctimystes dayi (Günther, 1897) [HYLIDAE] Day’s Frog (blood); Parantechinus apicalis (Gray, 1842) [DASYURIDAE] Dibbler (syn. Antechinus apicalis; blood); Pseudomys fieldi (Waite, 1896) [MURIDAE] Djoongari, Shark Bay Mouse (blood (PCR)); Perameles gunnii Gray, 1838 [PERAMELIDAE] Eastern Barred Bandicoot (blood); Pseudonaja textilis (Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril, 1854) [ELAPIDAE] Eastern Brown Snake (syn. Diemenia textilis; blood); Litoria fallax (Peters, 1880) [HYLIDAE] Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog (blood); Macropus giganteus Shaw, 1790 [MACROPODIDAE] Eastern Grey Kangaroo (syn. M. canguru; blood (PCR)(culture)); Chelodina longicollis (Shaw, 1794) [CHELIDAE] Eastern Snake-necked Tortise, Eastern Long-necked Tortoise (blood); Sphecotheres viridis Vieillot, 1816 [ORIOLIDAE] Figbird (syn. S. maxillaris, Oriolus viridis; blood); Potorous gilberti (Gould, 1841) [POTOROIDAE] Gilbert’s Potoroo (= P. Tridactylus; (PCR)); Isoodon auratus (Ramsay, 1887) [PERAMELIDAE] Golden Bandicoot (blood (PCR)); Cracticus torquatus (Latham, 1801) [CRACTICIDAE] Grey Butcherbird (blood); Chtonobdella limbata Grube, 1866 [HAEMADIPSIDAE] Leech (crop); Philaemon sp. [HAEMADIPSIDAE] Leech; Micobdella sp. [HAEMADIPSIDAE] Leech; Litoria lesueuri (Dumeril & Bibron, 1841) [HYLIDAE] Lesueur’s Frog (syn. Hyla lesueuri; blood); Phalacrocorax melanoleucos (Vieillot, 1817) [PHALACROCORACIDAE] Little Pied Cormorant (blood); Acanthochaera chrysoptera (Latham, 1801) [MELIPHAGIDAE] Little Wattlebird, Brush Wattlebird (syn. Anellobia chrysoptera, A. mellivora, A. lunulata; blood); Pachycephala melanura Gould, 1842 [MUSCICAPIDAE] Mangrove Golden Whistler, Black-tailed Whistler (blood); Litoria nyakalensis Liem, 1974 [HYLIDAE] Nyakala Frog (blood); Oriolus sagittatus (Latham, 1801) [ORIOLIDAE] Olive-backed Oriole (syn. O. sagittarius; blood); Limnodynastes ornatus (Gray, 1842) [MYOBATRACHIDAE] Ornate Burrowing Frog (blood); Litoria peronii (Tschudi, 1838) [HYLIDAE] Peron’s Tree Frog (syn. Hyla peronii; blood); Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Shaw & Nodder, 1799) [ORNITHORHYNCHIDAE] Platypus (blood, lung, liver, heart (PCR)); Setonix brachyurus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830) [MACROPODIDAE] Quokka (PCR); Litoria chloris (Boulenger, 1893) [HYLIDAE] Red-eyed Tree Frog (blood); Litoria nasuta (Gray, 1842) [HYLIDAE] Rocket Frog (syn. Hyla nasuta; blood); Elseya latisternum Gray, 1867 [CHELIDAE] Saw-shelled Turtle (blood); Myzomela sanguineolenta (Latham, 1801) [MELIPHAGIDAE] Scarlet Honeyeater, Blood-bird (blood); Emydura signata Ahl, 1932 [CHELIDAE] Short-necked Tortoise (blood); Isoodon obesulus (Shaw, 1797) [PERAMELIDAE] Southern Brown Bandicoot (syn. Thylacis obesulus; blood); Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Günther, 1858 [MYOBATRACHIDAE] Spotted Grass Frog (blood); Wallabia bicolor (Desmarest, 1804) [MACROPODIDAE] Swamp Wallaby (blood (culture)(PCR)); Dasyurus geoffroii Gould, 1841 [DASYURIDAE] Western Quoll, Chuditch (blood (PCR)); Lichenostomus penicillatus (Gould, 1837) [MELIPHAGIDAE] White-plumed Honeyeater (syn. Meliphaga penicillata, M. leilavalensis, Ptilotis penicillatus, Ptilotis leilavalensis; blood); Lichenostomus chrysops (Latham, 1801) [MELIPHAGIDAE] Yellow-faced Honeyeater (syn. Meliphaga chrysops, Ptilotis chrysop; blood); Anguilla sp. [ANGUILLIDAE]).

Extra Ecological Information

Unidentified species of Trypanosoma have been found in the listed parasite hosts.

General References

Adlard, R.D., Peirce, M.A. & Lederer, R. 2004. Blood parasites of birds from south-east Queensland. Emu 104: 191-196

Averis, S., Thompson, R.C.A., Lymbery, A.J., Wayne, A.F., Morris, K.D. & Smith, A. 2009. The diversity, distribution and host-parasite associations of trypanosomes in Western Australian wildlife. Parasitology 136: 1269-1279

Bancroft T.L. 1891. Exhibit: two apparently new infusorian parasites in the blood of a frog, Hyla nasuta, one of them is referable to the genus Trypanosoma. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 8: 13

Bettiol, S.S., Jakes, K., Le, D.D., Goldsmid, J.M. & Hocking, G. 1998. First record of trypanosomes in Tasmanian bandicoots. Journal of Parasitology 84: 538-541

Breinl, A. 1913. Parasitic protozoa encountered in the blood of Australian native animals. Report of the Australian Instute of Tropical Medicine 1911(April, 1913): 30-38

Cleland, J.B. 1915. The haematozoa of Australian birds. No. 3. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 39: 25-37

Cleland, J.B. 1922. The parasites of Australian birds. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 46: 85-118

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1910. The haematozoa of Australian batrachians. No. 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 44: 252-261

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1911. The haematozoa of Australian birds. No. II. Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales 45: 415-444

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1912. Tabular statements of haematozoa occurring in wild and domesticated animals in Australia. Report of the Government Bureau of Microbiology 1912: 83-88

Delvinquier, B.L.J. 1988. On some Nyctotheridae of the Australian Anura with a description of Nyctotheroides raffae n. sp. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 99: 21-34

Durham, H.E. 1908. Notes on nagana and on some haematozoa observed during my travels. Parasitology 1: 227-235

Hamerton, A.E. 1933. Report on deaths occurring in the Society's Gardens during the year 1932. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1933: 451-482

Hamilton, P.B., Stevens, J.R., Gidley, J., Holz, P. & Gibson, W.C. 2005. A new lineage of trypanosomes from Australian vertebrates and terrestrial bloodsucking leeches (Haemadipsidae). International Journal for Parasitology 35: 431-443

Jakes, K.A., O'Donoghue, P., Munro, M. & Adlard, R. 2001. Hemoprotozoa of freshwater turtles in Queensland. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 37: 12-19

Johnston, T.H. 1910. On Australian avian entozoa. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 44: 84-122

Johnston, T.H. 1912. A census of Australian reptilian entozoa. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 23: 233-249

Johnston, T.H. 1912. Internal parasites recorded from Australian birds. The Emu 12(2): 105-112

Johnston, T.H. 1916. A census of the endoparasites recorded as occurring in Queensland, arranged under their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 28: 31-79

Johnston, T.H. & Cleland, J.B. 1910. The haematozoa of Australian Reptilia. No. 1. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 35: 677-685

Ladds, P. 2009. Pathology of Australian Native Wildlife. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing 640 pp.

Langdon, J.S. 1990. Major protozoan and metazoan parasitic diseases of Australian finfish. in Munday, B.L. (ed.) Fin Fish Diseases. Refresher Course for Veterinarians. Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney. pp. 233-255

Langdon, J.S. 1992. Major protozoan and metazoan parasitic diseases of Australian finfish in Fin Fish Workshop, Refresher Course for Veterinarians. Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney. pp. 1-26

Mackerras, M.J. 1958. Catalogue of Australian mammals and their recorded internal parasites. Part I. Monotremes and marsupials. Part II. Eutheria. Part III. Introduced herbivora and the domestic pig. Part IV. Man. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 83: 101-160

Mackerras, M.J. 1961. The haematozoa of Australian reptiles. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 61-122

Mackerras, M.J. & Mackerras, I.M. 1960. The haematozoa of Australian birds. Australian Journal of Zoology 8: 226-260

Mackerras, M.J. & Mackerras, I.M. 1961. The haematozoa of Australian frogs and fish. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 123-139

McColl, K.A. 1983. Pathology in captive platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in Victoria, Australia. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 19: 118-122

Noyes, H.A., Stevens, J.R., Teixeira, M., Phelan, J. & Holz, P. 1999. A nested PCR for the ssrRNA gene detects Trypanosoma binneyi in the platypus and Trypanosoma sp. in wombats and kangaroos in Australia. International Journal for Parasitology 29: 331-339

Owen, J. 1934. Trypanosoma in the monotreme. Canberra : Publ. Aust. Inst. Anatomy.

Pickering, J. & Norris, C.A. 1996. New evidence concerning the extinction of the endemic murid Rattus macleri from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Australian Mammalogy 19: 19-25

Richardson, L.R. & Hunt, P.J. 1967. Trypanosomes in the crop of an haemadispid leech. Australian Journal of Science 30: 374-375

Smith, A., Clark, P., Averis, S., Lymbery, A.J., Wayne, A.F., Morris, K.D. & Thompson, R.C.A. 2008. Trypanosomes in a declining species of threatened Australian marsupial, the brush-tailed bettong Bettongia penicillata (Marsupialia: Potoroidae). Parasitology 135: 1329-1335

Stevens, J.R., Noyes, H.A., Dover, G.A. & Gibson, W.C. 1999. The ancient and divergent origins of the human pathogenic trypanosomes, Trypanosoma brucei and T. cruzi. Parasitology 118: 107-116

Stevens, J.R., Teixeira, M.M.G., Bingle, L.E.H. & Gibson, W.C. 1999. The taxonomic position and evolutionary relationships of Trypanosoma rangeli. International Journal for Parasitology 29: 749-757

Thompson, C.K., Godfrey, S.S. & Thompson, R.C.A. 2014. Trypanosomes of Australian mammals: A review. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 3: 57–66

Thompson, R.C.A., Lymbery, A.J. & Smith, A. 2010. Parasites, emerging disease and wildlife conservation. International Journal for Parasitology 40: 1163-1170

History of changes

• Trypanosoma anellobiae Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1910. The haematozoa of Australian birds. No. 1. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 34: 100-114 [105].

Distribution

IBRA

Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Myzomela sanguineolenta (Latham, 1801) [MELIPHAGIDAE] Scarlet Honeyeater, Blood-bird (blood); Corcorax melanorhamphos (Vieillot, 1817) [CORCORACIDAE] White-winged Chough (blood); Entomyzon cyanotis (Latham, 1801) [MELIPHAGIDAE] Blue-faced Honeyeater (syn. Entomyza cyanotis; blood); Microeca fascinans (Latham, 1801) [MUSCICAPIDAE] Brown Flycatcher, Jacky Winter (blood); Lichenostomus fuscus (Gould, 1837) [MELIPHAGIDAE] Fuscous Honeyeater, Brown Honeyeater (syn. Meliphaga fusca, Ptilotis fusca; blood); Acanthochaera chrysoptera (Latham, 1801) [MELIPHAGIDAE] Little Wattlebird, Brush Wattlebird (syn. Anellobia chrysoptera, A. mellivora, A. lunulata; blood); Philemon corniculatus (Latham, 1790) [MELIPHAGIDAE] Noisy Friarbird, Leatherhead (syn. Tropidorhynchus corniculatus; blood); Manorina melanocephala (Latham, 1801) [MELIPHAGIDAE] Noisy Miner/Minah, Soldier Bird (syn. M. garrula; blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Adlard, R.D., Peirce, M.A. & Lederer, R. 2004. Blood parasites of birds from south-east Queensland. Emu 104: 191-196 (Philemon corniculatus)

Bennett, G.F., Squires-Parsons, D. & Poldmaa, T. 1994. The species of Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Trypanosoma of the Australian honeyeater family Meliphagidae (Aves: Passeriformes). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 37: 13-18 (Acanthochaera chrysoptera; Manorina melanocephala)

Cleland, J.B. 1915. The haematozoa of Australian birds. No. 3. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 39: 25-37 (Lichenostomus fuscus; Microeca fascinans)

Cleland, J.B. 1922. The parasites of Australian birds. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 46: 85-118 (Lichenostomus fuscus; Microeca fascinans)

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1910. The haematozoa of Australian birds. No. 1. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 34: 100-114 (Acanthochaera chrysoptera)

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1911. The haematozoa of Australian birds. No. II. Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales 45: 415-444 (Lichenostomus fuscus; Corcorax melanorhamphos; Microeca fascinans; Entomyzon cyanotis)

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1912. Species of haemoprotozoa met with during 1910 and 1911. Report of the Government Bureau of Microbiology 1912: 74-83 (Acanthochaera chrysoptera)

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1912. Tabular statements of haematozoa occurring in wild and domesticated animals in Australia. Report of the Government Bureau of Microbiology 1912: 83-88 (Acanthochaera chrysoptera)

Johnston, T.H. 1912. Internal parasites recorded from Australian birds. The Emu 12(2): 105-112 (Lichenostomus fuscus; Microeca fascinans; Acanthochaera chrysoptera; Entomyzon cyanotis)

Johnston, T.H. 1916. A census of the endoparasites recorded as occurring in Queensland, arranged under their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 28: 31-79 (Lichenostomus fuscus; Corcorax melanorhamphos; Microeca fascinans; Acanthochaera chrysoptera; Entomyzon cyanotis; Myzomela sanguineolenta)

Mackerras, M.J. & Mackerras, I.M. 1960. The haematozoa of Australian birds. Australian Journal of Zoology 8: 226-260 (Lichenostomus fuscus; Microeca fascinans; Acanthochaera chrysoptera; Entomyzon cyanotis)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma anguillicola Johnston, T.H. & Cleland, J.B. 1910. The haematozoa of Australian fish. No. 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 44: 406-415 [407].

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner, 1867 [ANGUILLIDAE] Longfin Eel (syn. A. mauritiana; blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Beumer, J.P., Ashburner, L.D., Burberry, M.E., Jetté, E. & Latham, D.J. 1982. A checklist of the parasites of fishes from Australia and its adjacent Antarctic territories. Technical Communication No. 48 of the Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology (Thanet Press, Margate). 1-99 pp. (Anguilla reinhardtii)

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1912. Species of haemoprotozoa met with during 1910 and 1911. Report of the Government Bureau of Microbiology 1912: 74-83 (Anguilla reinhardtii)

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1912. Tabular statements of haematozoa occurring in wild and domesticated animals in Australia. Report of the Government Bureau of Microbiology 1912: 83-88 (Anguilla reinhardtii)

Johnston, T.H. 1916. A census of the endoparasites recorded as occurring in Queensland, arranged under their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 28: 31-79 (Anguilla reinhardtii)

Johnston, T.H. & Cleland, J.B. 1910. The haematozoa of Australian fish. No. 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 44: 406-415 (Anguilla reinhardtii)

Mackerras, M.J. & Mackerras, I.M. 1961. The haematozoa of Australian frogs and fish. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 123-139 (Anguilla reinhardtii)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma aulopi Mackerras, I.M. & Mackerras, M.J. 1925. The haematozoa of Australian marine Teleostei. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 50: 359-366.

Distribution

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Hime purpurissata (Richardson, 1843) [AULOPODIDAE] Sergeant Baker (syn. Latropiscus purpurissatus; blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Beumer, J.P., Ashburner, L.D., Burberry, M.E., Jetté, E. & Latham, D.J. 1982. A checklist of the parasites of fishes from Australia and its adjacent Antarctic territories. Technical Communication No. 48 of the Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology (Thanet Press, Margate). 1-99 pp. (Hime purpurissata)

Mackerras, I.M. & Mackerras, M.J. 1925. The haematozoa of Australian marine Teleostei. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 50: 359-366 (Hime purpurissata)

Mackerras, M.J. & Mackerras, I.M. 1961. The haematozoa of Australian frogs and fish. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 123-139 (Hime purpurissata)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma avium Danilewsky, W.H. 1885. Die Hämatozoën der Kaltblüter. Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie 24: 588-598.

Distribution

IBRA

Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Falco hypoleucus Gould, 1840 [FALCONIDAE] Grey Falcon (blood); Haliastur girrenera Vieillot, 1817 [ACCIPITRIDAE] White-headed Sea-eagle (syn. H. leucosternus; blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Breinl, A. 1913. Parasitic protozoa encountered in the blood of Australian native animals. Report of the Australian Instute of Tropical Medicine 1911(April, 1913): 30-38 (Falco hypoleucus; Haliastur girrenera)

Cleland, J.B. 1922. The parasites of Australian birds. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 46: 85-118 (Falco hypoleucus; Haliastur girrenera)

Johnston, T.H. 1916. A census of the endoparasites recorded as occurring in Queensland, arranged under their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 28: 31-79 (Falco hypoleucus; Haliastur girrenera)

Mackerras, M.J. & Mackerras, I.M. 1960. The haematozoa of Australian birds. Australian Journal of Zoology 8: 226-260 (Falco hypoleucus; Haliastur girrenera)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma bancrofti Johnston, T.H. & Cleland, J.B. 1910. The haematozoa of Australian fish. No. 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 44: 406-415 [407].

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Tandanus tandanus (Mitchell, 1838) [PLOTOSIDAE] Freshwater Catfish (syn. Plotosus tandanus, Capidoglanus tandanus; blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Ashburner L.D. 1976. Fish diseases and potential fish diseases in Australia. Animal Quarantine 5: 1-7 (Tandanus tandanus)

Beumer, J.P., Ashburner, L.D., Burberry, M.E., Jetté, E. & Latham, D.J. 1982. A checklist of the parasites of fishes from Australia and its adjacent Antarctic territories. Technical Communication No. 48 of the Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology (Thanet Press, Margate). 1-99 pp. (Tandanus tandanus)

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1912. Species of haemoprotozoa met with during 1910 and 1911. Report of the Government Bureau of Microbiology 1912: 74-83 (Tandanus tandanus)

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1912. Tabular statements of haematozoa occurring in wild and domesticated animals in Australia. Report of the Government Bureau of Microbiology 1912: 83-88 (Tandanus tandanus)

Johnston, T.H. 1916. A census of the endoparasites recorded as occurring in Queensland, arranged under their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 28: 31-79 (Tandanus tandanus)

Johnston, T.H. & Cleland, J.B. 1910. The haematozoa of Australian fish. No. 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 44: 406-415 (Tandanus tandanus)

Mackerras, M.J. & Mackerras, I.M. 1961. The haematozoa of Australian frogs and fish. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 123-139 (Tandanus tandanus)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma binneyi Mackerras, M.J. 1959. The haematozoa of Australian mammals. Australian Journal of Zoology 7: 105-135.

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Shaw, 1799) [ORNITHORHYNCHIDAE] Platypus (blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Connolly, J.H., Obendorf, D.L. & Whittington, R.J. 1999. Haematological, serum biochemical and serological features of platypuses with and without mycotic granulomatous dermatitis. Australian Veterinary Journal 77: 809-813 (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

Hamilton, P.B., Stevens, J.R., Gidley, J., Holz, P. & Gibson, W.C. 2005. A new lineage of trypanosomes from Australian vertebrates and terrestrial bloodsucking leeches (Haemadipsidae). International Journal for Parasitology 35: 431-443 (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

Hoare, C.A. 1972. The Trypanosomes of Mammals. A Zoological Monograph. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publishers. (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

Jakes, K.A., O'Donoghue, P.J. & Adlard, R.D. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma chelodina and Trypanosoma binneyi from Australian tortoises and platypuses inferred from small subunit rRNA analyses. Parasitology 123: 483-487 (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

Mackerras, M.J. 1959. The haematozoa of Australian mammals. Australian Journal of Zoology 7: 105-135 (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

McMillan, B. & Bancroft, B.J. 1974. On the morphology of Trypanosoma binneyi Mackerras, 1959 from the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus. International Journal for Parasitology 4: 441-442 (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

Noyes, H.A., Stevens, J.R., Teixeira, M., Phelan, J. & Holz, P. 1999. A nested PCR for the ssrRNA gene detects Trypanosoma binneyi in the platypus and Trypanosoma sp. in wombats and kangaroos in Australia. International Journal for Parasitology 29: 331-339 (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

History of changes

Distribution

IBRA

Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic.

Details of nominate subspecies, not present in Australia

Trypanosoma brucei Plimmer & Bradford, 1899

History of changes

• Trypanosoma rhodesiense Stephens, J.W. & Fantham, H.B. 1910. On the peculiar morphology of a trypnosome from a case of sleeping sickness and the possibility of its being a new species (T. rhodiense). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B) 83: 28-33.

Generic Combinations

• Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Stephens & Fantham, 1910).

Distribution

IBRA

Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 [HOMINIDAE] Human (blood; host had visited Africa)).

History of changes

• Trypanosoma carchariasi Laveran, A. 1908. Sur une hemogregarine, un trypanosome et un spirille, trouves dans le sang d'un requin. Bulletin of the Exotic Pathology Society 1: 148-150.

Distribution

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Odontaspis sp. [ODONTASPIDIDAE] (blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Beumer, J.P., Ashburner, L.D., Burberry, M.E., Jetté, E. & Latham, D.J. 1982. A checklist of the parasites of fishes from Australia and its adjacent Antarctic territories. Technical Communication No. 48 of the Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology (Thanet Press, Margate). 1-99 pp. (Odontaspis sp.)

Laveran, A. 1908. Sur une hemogregarine, un trypanosome et un spirille, trouves dans le sang d'un requin. Bulletin of the Exotic Pathology Society 1: 148-150 (Odontaspis sp.)

Mackerras, M.J. & Mackerras, I.M. 1961. The haematozoa of Australian frogs and fish. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 123-139 (Odontaspis sp.)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma chelodina Johnson, E.A. 1907. A trypanosome found in the river Murray turtle (Chelodina longicollis). Australian Medical Gazette 26: 26 [26].

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Chelodina longicollis (Shaw, 1794) [CHELIDAE] Eastern Snake-necked Tortise, Eastern Long-necked Tortoise (blood); Emydura krefftii (Gray, 1871) [CHELIDAE] Krefft’s River Turtle (blood); Emydura macquarii (Gray, 1830) [CHELIDAE] Murray Turtle (blood); Elseya dentata (Gray, 1863) [CHELIDAE] Northern Snapping Turtle (blood); Elseya latisternum Gray, 1867 [CHELIDAE] Saw-shelled Turtle (blood); Emydura signata Ahl, 1932 [CHELIDAE] Short-necked Tortoise (blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Breinl, A. 1913. Parasitic protozoa encountered in the blood of Australian native animals. Report of the Australian Instute of Tropical Medicine 1911(April, 1913): 30-38 (Chelodina longicollis)

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1912. Species of haemoprotozoa met with during 1910 and 1911. Report of the Government Bureau of Microbiology 1912: 74-83 (Emydura krefftii; Chelodina longicollis)

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1912. Tabular statements of haematozoa occurring in wild and domesticated animals in Australia. Report of the Government Bureau of Microbiology 1912: 83-88 (Emydura krefftii; Chelodina longicollis)

Jakes, K.A., O'Donoghue, P., Munro, M. & Adlard, R. 2001. Hemoprotozoa of freshwater turtles in Queensland. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 37: 12-19 (Emydura signata; Elseya latisternum; Chelodina longicollis)

Jakes, K.A., O'Donoghue, P.J. & Adlard, R.D. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma chelodina and Trypanosoma binneyi from Australian tortoises and platypuses inferred from small subunit rRNA analyses. Parasitology 123: 483-487 (Emydura signata; Elseya latisternum; Chelodina longicollis)

Johnson, E.A. 1907. A trypanosome found in the River Murray turtle (Chelonia longicollis). Australian Medical Gazette 26: 26 (Chelodina longicollis)

Johnston, T.H. 1912. A census of Australian reptilian entozoa. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 23: 233-249 (Emydura krefftii; Emydura macquarii; Chelodina longicollis)

Johnston, T.H. 1916. A census of the endoparasites recorded as occurring in Queensland, arranged under their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 28: 31-79 (Emydura krefftii; Emydura macquarii; Chelodina longicollis)

Johnston, T.H. & Cleland, J.B. 1910. The haematozoa of Australian Reptilia. No. 1. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 35: 677-685 (Emydura krefftii; Chelodina longicollis)

Johnston, T.H. & Cleland, J.B. 1912. The Haematozoa of Australian Reptilia. No. II. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 36: 479-491, pls xiii-xvi (Emydura krefftii; Chelodina longicollis)

Mackerras, M.J. 1961. The haematozoa of Australian reptiles. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 61-122 (Emydura krefftii; Elseya latisternum; Elseya dentata; Emydura macquarii; Chelodina longicollis)

Telford, S.R. 1995. The kinetoplastid hemoflagellates of reptiles. pp. 161-223 in Kreier, J.P. Parasitic Protozoa. San Diego : Academic Press Vol. 10 2. (Emydura krefftii; Elseya latisternum; Elseya dentata; Emydura macquarii; Chelodina longicollis)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma chlamydoderae Breinl, A. 1913. Parasitic protozoa encountered in the blood of Australian native animals. Report of the Australian Instute of Tropical Medicine 1911(April, 1913): 30-38.

Distribution

IBRA

Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Chlamydera nuchalis (Jardine & Selby, 1830) [PTILONORHYNCHIDAE] Great Bowerbird (syn. Chlamydodera orientalis; blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Breinl, A. 1913. Parasitic protozoa encountered in the blood of Australian native animals. Report of the Australian Instute of Tropical Medicine 1911(April, 1913): 30-38 (Chlamydera nuchalis)

Cleland, J.B. 1922. The parasites of Australian birds. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 46: 85-118 (Chlamydera nuchalis)

Johnston, T.H. 1916. A census of the endoparasites recorded as occurring in Queensland, arranged under their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 28: 31-79 (Chlamydera nuchalis)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma clelandi Johnston, T.H. 1916. A census of the endoparasites recorded as occurring in Queensland, arranged under their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 28: 31-79 [60].
• Amoeba rotatoria Mayer, A.F.I.C. 1843. Spicilegium observationum de organo electrico in Raiis anelectricis et de Hematozois. Bonnae 17 pp., 3 pls.

Generic Combinations

• Trypanosoma rotatorium (Mayer, 1843). —
  Laveran, A. & Mesnil, E. 1907. Trypanosomes and trypanosomiases. Chicago 538 pp., 1 pl. [translated and revised by Nabarro [for additional information, see Kudo 1922]]
  Kudo, R. 1922. On the protozoa parasitic in frogs. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 41: 59-76

Distribution

IBRA

Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Gawler (GAW), Kanmantoo (KAN), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Limnodynastes ornatus (Gray, 1842) [MYOBATRACHIDAE] Ornate Burrowing Frog (blood); Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Günther, 1858 [MYOBATRACHIDAE] Spotted Grass Frog (blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Cleland, J.B. 1914. The haematozoa of Australian batrachians, No. 2. Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 48: 412-414 (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis)

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1912. Species of haemoprotozoa met with during 1910 and 1911. Report of the Government Bureau of Microbiology 1912: 74-83 (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis; Limnodynastes ornatus)

Cleland, J.B. & Johnston, T.H. 1912. Tabular statements of haematozoa occurring in wild and domesticated animals in Australia. Report of the Government Bureau of Microbiology 1912: 83-88 (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis; Limnodynastes ornatus)

Johnston, T.H. 1916. A census of the endoparasites recorded as occurring in Queensland, arranged under their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 28: 31-79 (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis; Limnodynastes ornatus)

Mackerras, M.J. & Mackerras, I.M. 1961. The haematozoa of Australian frogs and fish. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 123-139 (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis; Limnodynastes ornatus)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma copemani Austen, J., Jeffries, R., Friend, T., Adams, P., Ryan, U. & Reid, S.A. 2009. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Trypanosoma copemani n. sp. (Trypanosomatidae) isolated from Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) and quokka (Setonix brachyurus). Parasitology 136: 783-792.

Distribution

IBRA

Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Coolgardie (COO), Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mallee (MAL), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Vombatus ursinus (Shaw, 1800) [VOMBATIDAE] Bare-nosed Wombat; Dasyurus maculatus (Kerr, 1792) [DASYURIDAE] Bindjulang; Bettongia penicillata Gray, 1837 [POTOROIDAE] Brush-tailed Bettong; Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr, 1792) [PHALANGERIDAE] Common Brushtail Possum; Potorous gilberti (Gould, 1841) [POTOROIDAE] Gilbert’s Potoroo (= P. tridactylus; blood (+ PCR)); Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss, 1817) [PHASCOLARCTIDAE] Koala; Isoodon obesulus (Shaw, 1797) [PERAMELIDAE] Northern Brown Bandicoot; Setonix brachyurus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830) [MACROPODIDAE] Quokka (blood (+ PCR))).

Associated Fauna References

Austen, J., Jeffries, R., Friend, T., Adams, P., Ryan, U. & Reid, S.A. 2009. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Trypanosoma copemani n. sp. (Trypanosomatidae) isolated from Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) and quokka (Setonix brachyurus). Parasitology 136: 783-792 (Potorous gilberti; Setonix brachyurus)

McInnes, L.M., Hanger, J., Simons, G., Reid, S.A. & Ryan, U.M. 2011. Novel trypanosome Trypanosoma gilletti sp. (Euglenozoa: Trypanosomatidae) and the extension of the host range of Trypanosoma copemani to include the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Parasitology 38: 59-70 (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Thompson, C.K., Godfrey, S.S. & Thompson, R.C.A. 2014. Trypanosomes of Australian mammals: A review. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 3: 57–66 (Bettongia penicillata; Vombatus ursinus; Isoodon obesulus; Dasyurus maculatus; Trichosurus vulpecula)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma corvi Stephens J W.W. & Christophers S.R. 1908. The Practical Study of Malaria and Other Blood Parasites. Liverpool : University Press.

  Secondary source:

   Baker J.R. 1976. Biology of the trypanosomes of birds. pp. 131-174 in Lumsden, W.H.R. (ed.). Biology of the Kinetoplastida. London : Academic Press. (emendation).

Distribution

IBRA

Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Grallina picata Latham, 1801 [GRALLINIDAE] Peewit, Peewee, Australian Magpie Lark (syn. G. cyanoleuca; blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Adlard, R.D., Peirce, M.A. & Lederer, R. 2004. Blood parasites of birds from south-east Queensland. Emu 104: 191-196 (Grallina picata)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, C. 1909. Neue Trypanosomen. Archiv für Schiffs- und Tropen-hygiene 13: 120–122.

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr, 1792) [PHALANGERIDAE] Common Brushtail Possum (blood, various organs (exptl. infection)); Tachyglossus aculeatus (Shaw, 1792) [TACHYGLOSSIDAE] Short-beaked Echidna (blood (exptl. infection))).

Associated Fauna References

Backhouse T.C. & Bolliger A. 1951. Transmission of Chagas' disease to the Australian marsupial Trichosurus vulpecula. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 44: 521-533 (Tachyglossus aculeatus; Trichosurus vulpecula)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma egerniae Mackerras, M.J. 1961. The haematozoa of Australian reptiles. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 61-122.

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Egernia cunninghami (Gray, 1832) [SCINCIDAE] Cunningham’s Skink (blood); Egernia striolata (Peters, 1870) [SCINCIDAE] Tree Skink (blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Mackerras, M.J. 1961. The haematozoa of Australian reptiles. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 61-122 (Egernia striolata; Egernia cunninghami)

Telford, S.R. 1995. The kinetoplastid hemoflagellates of reptiles. pp. 161-223 in Kreier, J.P. Parasitic Protozoa. San Diego : Academic Press Vol. 10 2. (Egernia striolata; Egernia cunninghami)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma eudyptulae Jones, H.I. & Woehler, E.J. 1989. A new species of blood trypanosome from little penguins (Eudyptula minor) in Tasmania. Journal of Protozoology 36: 389-390.

Distribution

IBRA

Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Eudyptula minor (J.R. Forster, 1781) [SPHENISCIDAE] Little Penguin (blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Jones, H.I. & Woehler, E.J. 1989. A new species of blood trypanosome from little penguins (Eudyptula minor) in Tasmania. Journal of Protozoology 36: 389-390 (Eudyptula minor)

Ladds, P. 2009. Pathology of Australian Native Wildlife. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing 640 pp. (Eudyptula minor)

History of changes

• Spyrochaete evansi Steel, 1885.

Generic Combinations

• Trypanosoma evansi (Steel, 1885). —
  Balbiani, G. 1888. Evolution des micro-organismes animaux et vegetaux parasites. Les Mastigophores. Journal de Micrographie 12: 394

Distribution

IBRA

Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Coolgardie (COO), Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mallee (MAL), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Macropus agilis (Gould, 1842) [MACROPODIDAE] Agile Wallaby (blood (exptl. infection)); Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) [MURIDAE] Black Rat (blood (exptl. infection)); Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 [CANIDAE] Domestic Dog (blood (exptl. infection)); Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 [CAMELIDAE] Dromedary (blood); Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758) [CAVIIDAE] Guinea Pig (syn. Cavia cutleri Bennett, 1835; blood (exptl. infection)); Equus (Equus) caballus Linnaeus, 1758 [EQUIDAE] Horse (blood (exptl. infection))).

Associated Fauna References

Callow, L.L. 1984. Animal Health in Australia. Volume 5. Protozoal and Rickettsial Diseases. Canberra : Aust. Govt. Publ. Service. (Camelus dromedarius)

Cleland, J.B. 1909. Trypanosomiasis and other diseases in camels, with experiments in connection with the former. Australian Mededical Congress 1908 2: 305-324 (Camelus dromedarius)

Johnston, T.H. 1909. Notes on Australian entozoa. No. 1. Records of the Australian Museum 7: 329-344 (Equus (Equus) caballus; Cavia porcellus)

Johnston, T.H. & Cleland, J.B. 1910. Protozoal infections. Report of the Government Bureau of Microbiology 1909: 31-46 (Camelus dromedarius)

Ladds, P. 2009. Pathology of Australian Native Wildlife. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing 640 pp. (Macropus agilis)

Mackerras, M.J. 1958. Catalogue of Australian mammals and their recorded internal parasites. Part I. Monotremes and marsupials. Part II. Eutheria. Part III. Introduced herbivora and the domestic pig. Part IV. Man. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 83: 101-160 (Camelus dromedarius)

Reid, S.A., Husein, A., Partoutomo, S. & Copeman, D.B. 2001. The susceptibility of two species of wallaby to infection with Trypanosoma evansi. Australian Veterinary Journal 79: 285-288 (Macropus agilis)

Reid, S.A. & Copeman, D.B. 2002. Evaluation of an antibody-ELISA using five crude antigen preparations for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi infection in cattle. Veterinary Microbiology 104: 79-84 (Rattus rattus)

Reid, S.A. & Copeman, D.B. 2003. The development and validation of an antibody-ELISA to detect Trypanosoma evansi infection in cattle in Australia and Papua New Guinea. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 61: 195-208 (Rattus rattus)

Seddon, H.R. 1952. Diseases of domestic animals in Australia. Part 4. Protozoan and viral diseases. Canberra : Commonwealth of Australia Department of Health, Service Publication (Division of Veterinary Hygeine) Vol. No. 8. (Canis familiaris; Equus (Equus) caballus; Camelus dromedarius; Rattus rattus; Cavia porcellus)

Seddon, H.R. & Albiston, H.E. 1966. Diseases of domestic animals in Australia. Part 4. Protozoan and virus diseases. Canberra : Commonwealth of Australia Department of Health, Service Publication (Division of Veterinary Hygeine) Vol. No. 8 2. (Canis familiaris; Equus (Equus) caballus; Camelus dromedarius; Rattus rattus; Cavia porcellus)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma gargantua Laird, M. 1951. Studies on the trypanosomes of New Zealand fish. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 121: 285-309 [293].

Distribution

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Hemiscyllium ocellatum (Bonnaterre, 1788) [HEMISCYLLIIDAE] Ocellated Catshark, Epaulette Shark (syn. Squalus ocellatus; blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Lester, R.J.G. 1982. Unicapsula seriolae n.sp. (Myxosporea, Multivalvulida) from Australian yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi. Journal of Protozoology 29: 584-587 (Hemiscyllium ocellatum)

Lester, R.J.G. & Sewell, K.B. 1989. Checklist of parasites from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Australian Journal of Zoology 37: 101-128 (Hemiscyllium ocellatum)

Mackerras, M.J. & Mackerras, I.M. 1961. The haematozoa of Australian frogs and fish. Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 123-139 (Hemiscyllium ocellatum)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma gilletti McInnes, L.M., Hanger, J., Simons, G., Reid, S.A. & Ryan, U.M. 2011. Novel trypanosome Trypanosoma gilletti sp. (Euglenozoa: Trypanosomatidae) and the extension of the host range of Trypanosoma copemani to include the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Parasitology 38: 59-70 [5].

  Type host:

   Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss, 1817) [PHASCOLARCTIDAE]

Ecological Descriptors

Endoparasitic (host(s): Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss, 1817) [PHASCOLARCTIDAE] Koala), parasitic.

History of changes

• Trypanosoma granulosum Laveran, A. & Mesnil, F. 1902. Des Trypanosomes des Poissons. Archiv für Protistenkunde 1: 475-498, 15 text-figs [487].

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Anguilla australis Richardson, 1841 [ANGUILLIDAE] Short-finned Eel (blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Lom, J., Rohde, K., & Dykova, I. 1992. Studies on protozoan parasite of Australian fishes I. New species of the genera Coccomyxa Leger et Hesse. 1907, Ortholinea Shulman, 1962 and Kudoa Meglitsch, 1947 (Myxozoa, Myxosporea). Folia Parasitologica. Prague 39: 289-306 (Anguilla australis)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma hipposideri Mackerras, M.J. 1959. The haematozoa of Australian mammals. Australian Journal of Zoology 7: 105-135.

Distribution

IBRA

Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Hipposideros ater Templeton, 1848 [HIPPOSIDERIDAE] Dusky Horseshoe Bat (= H. bicolor; blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Hoare, C.A. 1972. The Trypanosomes of Mammals. A Zoological Monograph. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publishers. (Hipposideros ater)

Ladds, P. 2009. Pathology of Australian Native Wildlife. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing 640 pp. (Hipposideros ater)

Mackerras, M.J. 1959. The haematozoa of Australian mammals. Australian Journal of Zoology 7: 105-135 (Hipposideros ater)

Molyneux, D.H. 1991. Trypanosomes of bats. pp. 195-223 in Kreier, J.P. & Baker, J.R. (eds). Parasitic Protozoa. San Diego : Academic Press 2. (Hipposideros ater)

History of changes

• Trypanosoma irwini McInnes, L.M., Gillett, A., Ryan, U.M., Austen, J., Campbell, R.S.F., Hanger, J. & Reid, S.A. 2009. Trypanosoma irwini n. sp. (Sarcomastigophora: Trypanosomatidae) from the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Parasitology 136: 875-885.

Distribution

IBRA

Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss, 1817) [PHASCOLARCTIDAE] Koala (blood (+ PCR))).

Associated Fauna References

McInnes, L.M., Gillett, A., Ryan, U.M., Austen, J., Campbell, R.S.F., Hanger, J. & Reid, S.A. 2009. Trypanosoma irwini n. sp. (Sarcomastigophora: Trypanosomatidae) from the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Parasitology 136: 875-885 (Phascolarctos cinereus)

History of changes

• Herpetomonas lewisi Saville-Kent, W. 1880 [1881]. Manual of the Infusoria, including a description of all known flagellate, ciliated, and tentaculiferous Protozoa, British and foreign, and an account of the organisation and affinities of the sponges. London Vol. I 472 pp. [published in two parts, first in 1880, second in 1881].

Generic Combinations

• Trypanosoma lewisi (Kent, 1880). —
  Laveran, M. & Mesnil, F. 1901. Recherches morphologiques et experimentales sur le trypanosome des rats (Tr. lewisi Kent). Annales de l'Institut Pasteur 15: 673-713

Distribution

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Wet Tropics (WT)

IMCRA

Timor Province (2), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Pseudomys albocinereus (Gould, 1845) [MURIDAE] Ash-grey Mouse; Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) [MURIDAE] Black Rat (blood, skin (+PCR)); Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) [MURIDAE] Brown Rat (syn. Rattus decumanus Pallus, 1778, Mus decumanus; blood); Rattus fuscipes (Waterhouse, 1839) [MURIDAE] Bush Rat (blood); Rattus macleari (Thomas, 1887) [MURIDAE] Christmas Island Rat ([now extinct] = Mus macleari; skin (PCR)); Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 [MURIDAE] House Mouse (syn. M. domesticus; blood); Hydromys chrysogaster Geoffroy, 1804 [MURIDAE] Water-rat (blood); Rattus sp. [MURIDAE] (blood)).

Associated Fauna References

Bancroft T.L. 1888. Note on Haematomonas in rats' blood. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 5: 31-32 (Rattus sp.)

Callow, L.L. 1984. Animal Health in Australia. Volume 5. Protozoal and Rickettsial Diseases. Canberra : Aust. Govt. Publ. Service. (Rattus rattus)

Cleland, J.B. 1908. Some remarks on the natural history and diseases of the rats of Perth and Fremantle, Western Australia. Report of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science 1908: 516-520 (Rattus sp.)

Fielding, J.W. 1928. Observations on rodents and their parasites. Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales 61: 115-134 (Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus)

Hoare, C.A. 1972. The Trypanosomes of Mammals. A Zoological Monograph. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publishers. (Rattus fuscipes; Hydromys chrysogaster)

Johnston, T.H. 1909. Notes on some Australian parasites. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales 20: 581-584 (Rattus norvegicus; Mus musculus; Rattus rattus)

Johnston, T.H. 1910. Notes on some Australian parasites. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales 20: 349-353 (Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus)

Johnston, T.H. 1916. A census of the endoparasites recorded as occurring in Queensland, arranged under their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 28: 31-79 (Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus; Rattus sp.)

Johnston, T.H. 1918. Notes on certain entozoa of rats and mice, together with a catalogue of the internal parasites recorded as occurring in rodents in Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 30: 53-78 (Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus; Rattus sp.)

Johnston, T.H. & Cleland, J.B. 1909. Notes on some parasitic protozoa. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 34: 500-513 (Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus)

Johnston, T.H. & Cleland, J.B. 1910. Protozoal infections. Report of the Government Bureau of Microbiology 1909: 31-46 (Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus)

Ladds, P. 2009. Pathology of Australian Native Wildlife. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing 640 pp. (Rattus fuscipes; Hydromys chrysogaster)

Mackerras, M.J. 1958. Catalogue of Australian mammals and their recorded internal parasites. Part I. Monotremes and marsupials. Part II. Eutheria. Part III. Introduced herbivora and the domestic pig. Part IV. Man. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 83: 101-160 (Rattus fuscipes; Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus; Rattus sp.)

Mackerras, M.J. 1959. The haematozoa of Australian mammals. Australian Journal of Zoology 7: 105-135 (Rattus fuscipes; Hydromys chrysogaster; Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus)

Pound, C.J. 1905. On Trypanosoma and their presence in the blood of Brisbane rats. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 19: 33-38 (Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus)

Seddon, H.R. 1952. Diseases of domestic animals in Australia. Part 4. Protozoan and viral diseases. Canberra : Commonwealth of Australia Department of Health, Service Publication (Division of Veterinary Hygeine) Vol. No. 8. (Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus)

Seddon, H.R. & Albiston, H.E. 1966. Diseases of domestic animals in Australia. Part 4. Protozoan and virus diseases. Canberra : Commonwealth of Australia Department of Health, Service Publication (Division of Veterinary Hygeine) Vol. No. 8 2. (Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus)

Thompson, C.K., Godfrey, S.S. & Thompson, R.C.A. 2014. Trypanosomes of Australian mammals: A review. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 3: 57–66 (Pseudomys albocinereus)

Wyatt, K.B., Campos, P.F., Gilbert, M.T.P., Kolokotronis, S.-O., Hynes, W.H., DeSalle, R., Daszak, P., MacPhee, R.D.E. & Greenwood, A.D. 2008. Historical mammal extinction on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) correlates with introduced infectious disease. PLoS ONE (Public Library of Science) 3: 1-9 (Rattus macleari; Rattus rattus)

History of changes