• Hyotissa Stenzel, H.B. 1971. Vol. 3. Oysters. pp. N953-N1224 in Moore, R.C. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part N. Mollusca 6. Bivalvia. Kansas : Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press. [N1107].

  Type species:

   Mytilus hyotis Linnaeus, 1758 by original designation.
• Numismoida Harry, H.W. 1985. Synopsis of the supraspecific classification of living oysters (Bivalvia: Gryphaeidae and Ostreidae). The Veliger 28(2): 121-158 [132].

  Type species:

   Ostrea numisma Lamarck, 1819 by original designation.
• Parahyotissa Harry, H.W. 1985. Synopsis of the supraspecific classification of living oysters (Bivalvia: Gryphaeidae and Ostreidae). The Veliger 28(2): 121-158 [130].

  Type species:

   Ostrea thomasi McLean, 1941 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kirkendale, L., Lee, T., Baker, P. & ÓFoighil, D. 2004. Oysters of the Conch Republic (Florida Keys): a molecular phylogenetic study of Parahyotissa mcginty, Teskeyostrea weberi and Ostreola equestris. Malacologia 46(2): 309-326 [320] (synomymises Parahyotissa with Hyotissa)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Worldwide distribution

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Lord Howe Province (14), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

General References

Beu, A.G. 2006. Marine Mollusca of oxygen isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand. Part 2. Biostratigraphically useful and new Pliocene to recent Bivalves. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 36(4): 151-338 [211-212]

Harry, H.W. 1985. Synopsis of the supraspecific classification of living oysters (Bivalvia: Gryphaeidae and Ostreidae). The Veliger 28(2): 121-158 [130]

Kirkendale, L., Lee, T., Baker, P. & ÓFoighil, D. 2004. Oysters of the Conch Republic (Florida Keys): a molecular phylogenetic study of Parahyotissa mcginty, Teskeyostrea weberi and Ostreola equestris. Malacologia 46(2): 309-326

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [130]

Torigoe, K. 2004. Oysters in the world. Part 2. Systematic description of the Recent oysters. Bulletin of the Nishinomiya Shell Museum 3(3): 1-63, pls I-XIII, index (1-9) [1] (does not synonymise Hyotissa and Parahyotissa and synonyms)

History of changes

• Mytilus hyotis Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10 Edn., 824 pp. [704].
• Ostrea gigas Humphrey, G. 1797. Museum Calonnianum : specification of the various articles which compose the magnificent museum of natural history collected by M. de Calonne in France and lately his property : consisting of an assemblage of the most beautiful and rare subjects in entomology, conchology, ornithology, mineralogy, &c. London : E. Bibl. Radcl. viii, 84 pp. [53] [invalid name; work rejected by ICZN Direction 32 for nomenclatorial purposes. Introduced as a replacement name for Mytilus hyotis Linnaeus].
• Ostrea cristigalli Saville-Kent, W. 1891. Oysters and Oyster Fisheries of Queensland. Brisbane : Government Printer. [1 pl. 3, fig. 2].
• Ostrea cristagalli Saville-Kent, W. 1893. The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its Products and Potentialities. London : W.H. Allen & Co., Limited. [xiii] + 388 pp. 21 figs 64 pls. [244, pl. 14, fig. 5] [junior homonym; not Ostrea cristagalli Linnaeus, 1758].
• Ostrea jacobaea Rochebrune, A.T.d. 1895. Diagnose de mollusques nouveaux, provenant du voyage de M. Diguet en Basse-Californie. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris [published 1895-1906] 1(6): 239-243 [241] [junior homonym; not Ostrea jacobaea Linnaeus, 1758].
• Ostrea fischeri Dall, W.H. 1914. Notes on West American oysters. Nautilus 28: 1-3 [1] [replacement name; new name for Ostrea jacobaea Rochebrune, 1895].
• Lopha hyotis notina Iredale, T. 1936. Australian molluscan notes. No. 2. Records of the Australian Museum 19(5): 267-340, pls 20-24 [269].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C.90525, Sydney Harbour, New South Wales, Australia [33°51‘0‘S 151°13‘58.8‘E].

Generic Combinations

• Lopha hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758). —
  Iredale, T. 1936. Australian molluscan notes. No. 2. Records of the Australian Museum 19(5): 267-340, pls 20-24 [269]
• Pycnodonta hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758). —
  Ranson, G 1941. Les espèces actuelles et fossiles du genre Pycnodonta F. de W. – I. Pycnodonta hyotis L. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris [published 1907-1971] 13: 82-92
• Pycnodonte hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758). —
  Thomson, J.M. 1954. The genera of oysters and the Australian species. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 132-168 [159]
• Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indian and Pacific Oceans as well as Caribbean, pseudo-populations in Hawaii. Subfossil in NSW near Sydney. One lot from Solitary Islands in Australian Museum Sydney mollusc collection

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine, subtidal.

Extra Ecological Information

Attached to rock, pylons, coral although sometimes detached and lying freely on sea bed

General References

Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [275, pl. 29, fig. 3]

Bieler R. , P.M. Mikkelsen, T. Lee & D. Ó Foighil 2004. Discovery of the Indo-Pacific oyster Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Florida Keys (Bivalvia : Gryphaeidae). Molluscan Research 24: 149-159

Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. Tropical Pacific marine shells. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls. [182, pl. 66, fig. 3]

Coleman, N. 1981. What shell is that? Sydney : Lansdowne Press, Sydney 308 pp. [152-153, fig. 463]

Harris, G.F. 1897. Catalogue of Tertiary Mollusca in the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History). The Australasian Tertiary Mollusca. London : British Museum of Natural History Part 1 407 pp., 8 pls. [299]

Harry, H.W. 1981. Nominal species of living oysters proposed during the last fifty years. The Veliger 24(1): 39-45 [43] (author notes that Ostrea procles is a probable synonym of Hyotissa numisma (Lamarck, 1819), in contrast to Thomson (1954) who place the name in synonymy of Hyotissa hyotis. The synonymies of both taxa need further substanciation and clarity. A logical consequence of Harry placing O. procles in the synonymy of H. numisma is that the preoccupied name Ostrea cerata Hedley, 1906 (not Ostrea cerata Sowerby, 1871) that O. procles replaced follows suit)

Harry, H.W. 1985. Synopsis of the supraspecific classification of living oysters (Bivalvia: Gryphaeidae and Ostreidae). The Veliger 28(2): 121-158 [130, figs 7-11]

Kirkendale, L., Lee, T., Baker, P. & ÓFoighil, D. 2004. Oysters of the Conch Republic (Florida Keys): a molecular phylogenetic study of Parahyotissa mcginty, Teskeyostrea weberi and Ostreola equestris. Malacologia 46(2): 309-326

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [130, fig. 322]

Maes, V.O. 1967. The littoral marine mollusks of Cocos-Keeling Islands (Indian Ocean). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 119: 93–217 [158]

Oliver, P.G. 1992. Bivalved Seashells of the Red Sea. Wiesbaden : Verlage Christa Hemmen 330 pp. [89]

Paulay, G. 1996. New records and synonymies of Hawaiian bivalves (Mollusca). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 45: 18-29 [24]

Tëmkin, I. 2010. Molecular phylogeny of pearl oysters and their relatives (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pterioidea). BMC Evolutionary Biology 10(342): 1-28 [4, figs 2, 5, 6, 8, 10]

Thomson, J.M. 1954. The genera of oysters and the Australian species. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 132-168 [159-160, pl. 10, figs 2-4, pl. 11, figs 1-3]

Torigoe, K. 2004. Oysters in the world. Part 2. Systematic description of the Recent oysters. Bulletin of the Nishinomiya Shell Museum 3(3): 1-63, pls I-XIII, index (1-9) [1-2, pl. 1, figs 1a-1d]

Common Name References

Coleman, N. 1981. What shell is that? Sydney : Lansdowne Press, Sydney 308 pp. [152] (Giant Coxcomb Oyster)

Wilson, B. 2002. A handbook to Australian seashells on seashores east to west and north to south. Sydney : Reed New Holland 185 pp. [46, pl. 47F] (Honeycomb Oyster)

History of changes

• Ostrea imbricata Lamarck, J.B. 1819. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres. Paris : J.B. Lamarck Vol. 6(1) 343 pp. [Date published July 1819] [213, no. 46].

  Type data:

   
  Status unknown, MHNG, Java.
• Ostrea quirites Iredale, T. 1939. Mollusca. Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928-29. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5(6): 209-425, pls 1-75 [396, pl. 7, fig. 3].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C.90529 dry, Great Barrier Reef, Low Islands, Queensland, Australia [16°22‘58.8‘S 145°34‘1.2‘E].

Generic Combinations

• Parahyotissa (Parahyotissa) imbricata (Lamarck, 1819). —
  Harry, H.W. 1985. Synopsis of the supraspecific classification of living oysters (Bivalvia: Gryphaeidae and Ostreidae). The Veliger 28(2): 121-158 [130]
• Dendostrea imbricata (Lamarck, 1819). —
  Habe, T. 1951. Genera of Japanese Shells: Pelecypoda. Kyoto : T. Habe Vol 1. 96 pp., 192 figs. [93]
• Pretostrea imbricata (Lamarck, 1819). —
  Habe, T. & Kosuge, S. 1967. Shells of the world in colour, II. The tropical Pacific. Osaka : Hoikusha 194 pp. [138, pl. 51, fig. 14]
• Parahyotissa imbricata (Lamarck, 1819). —
  Torigoe, K. 2004. Oysters in the world. Part 2. Systematic description of the Recent oysters. Bulletin of the Nishinomiya Shell Museum 3(3): 1-63, pls I-XIII, index (1-9) [4]
• Hyotissa imbricata (Lamarck, 1819).

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Tropical Indo-West Pacific. LHI record from Australian Museum Sydney collection records

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine, subtidal.

Extra Ecological Information

Coral reef areas, attached to corals or debris

General References

Bernard, F.R., Cai, Y.Y. & Morton, B. 1993. Catalogue of the Living Marine Bivalve Molluscs of China. Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press 121 pp. [47] (as Parahyotissa inermis (Sowerby, 1871))

Beu, A.G. 2006. Marine Mollusca of oxygen isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand. Part 2. Biostratigraphically useful and new Pliocene to recent Bivalves. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 36(4): 151-338 [211-212]

Harry, H.W. 1981. Nominal species of living oysters proposed during the last fifty years. The Veliger 24(1): 39-45 [43] (as quinrites Iredale, 1939. Does not synonymise this taxon with P.(P.) imbricata)

Harry, H.W. 1985. Synopsis of the supraspecific classification of living oysters (Bivalvia: Gryphaeidae and Ostreidae). The Veliger 28(2): 121-158 [130]

Kirkendale, L., Lee, T., Baker, P. & ÓFoighil, D. 2004. Oysters of the Conch Republic (Florida Keys): a molecular phylogenetic study of Parahyotissa mcginty, Teskeyostrea weberi and Ostreola equestris. Malacologia 46(2): 309-326 [320]

Lam, K. & Morton, B. 2009. Oysters (Bivalvia: Ostraeidae and Gryphaeidae) recorded from Malaysia and Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 57(2): 481-494 [490]

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [130, fig. 323]

Liu, J., Li, Q., Kong, L., Yu, H. & Zheng, X. 2011. Identifying the true oysters (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) with mitochondrial phylogeny and distance-based DNA barcoding. Molecular Ecology 11(5): 820-830

Torigoe, K. 2004. Oysters in the world. Part 2. Systematic description of the Recent oysters. Bulletin of the Nishinomiya Shell Museum 3(3): 1-63, pls I-XIII, index (1-9) [4-5, pl. 1, fig. 3a-3d]

Common Name References

Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [275] (as Ostrea quirites) (Saddle-shaped Oyster)

History of changes

• Ostrea inermis Sowerby, G.B. 1871. Monograph of the genus Ostraea. pls 1, 6-33 in Sowerby, G.B. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 18. [pl. 28, fig. 82].

Generic Combinations

• Hyotissa inermis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871).

History of changes

• Ostrea numisma Lamarck, J.B. 1819. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres. Paris : J.B. Lamarck Vol. 6(1) 343 pp. [Date published July 1819] [205].
• Ostrea hanleyana Sowerby, G.B. 1871. Monograph of the genus Ostraea. pls 1, 6-33 in Sowerby, G.B. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 18. [pl. 28, fig. 72].
• Ostrea cerata Hedley, C. 1906. The Mollusca of Mast Head Reef, Capricorn Group, Queensland. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 31(3): 453-479, pls 36-37 [464] [junior homonym; not Ostrea cerata Sowerby, 1871].
• Ostrea thaanumi Dall, W.H., Bartsch, P. & Rehder, H.A. 1938. A manual of the recent and fossil marine Pelecypod mollusks of the Hawaiian Island. Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 153: 3-233, pls 1-57 [Date published July 25] [114, pl. 32, figs 1-4].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM 484158, Maokuoloe Island, Kaneohe Bay, Oahu.
• Ostrea procles Iredale, T. 1939. Mollusca. Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928-29. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5(6): 209-425, pls 1-75 [396, pl. 7, fig. 2] [replacement name].

Generic Combinations

• Hyotissa numisma (Lamarck, 1819). —
  Taylor, J.D. & Reid, D.G. 1984. The abundance and trophic classification of molluscs upon coral reefs in the Sudanese Red Sea. Journal of Natural History 18 [206]
• Parahyotissa (Numismoida) numisma (Lamarck, 1819). —
  Harry, H.W. 1985. Synopsis of the supraspecific classification of living oysters (Bivalvia: Gryphaeidae and Ostreidae). The Veliger 28(2): 121-158 [132]
• Parahyotissa numisma (Lamarck, 1819). —
  Torigoe, K. 2004. Oysters in the world. Part 2. Systematic description of the Recent oysters. Bulletin of the Nishinomiya Shell Museum 3(3): 1-63, pls I-XIII, index (1-9) [6]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Dampier, WA record from shells only; Indo-Pacific from East Africa to French Polynesia and Hawaii. South to Sydney according to the Australian Museum Sydney mollusc collection

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine, subtidal.

Extra Ecological Information

Attached to rocks, coral or debris

General References

Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [275]

Deshayes, G.P. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres. Paris : J.B. Baillière Vol. 7 735 pp. [222]

Harry, H.W. 1981. Nominal species of living oysters proposed during the last fifty years. The Veliger 24(1): 39-45 [43] (author notes that Ostrea procles is a probable synonym of Hyotissa numisma (Lamarck, 1819), in contrast to Thomson (1954) who place the name in synonymy of Hyotissa hyotis. The synonymies of both taxa need further substanciation and clarity. A logical consequence of Harry placing O. procles in the synonymy of H. numisma is that the preoccupied name Ostrea cerata Hedley, 1906 (not Ostrea cerata Sowerby, 1871) that O. procles replaced follows suit)

Harry, H.W. 1985. Synopsis of the supraspecific classification of living oysters (Bivalvia: Gryphaeidae and Ostreidae). The Veliger 28(2): 121-158 [132, fig. 15]

Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109 [12]

Kay, E.A. 1979. Hawaiian marine shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 4 : Mollusca. Honolulu, Hawaii : Bishop Museum Press Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication Vol. 64(4) 653 pp. [537, fig. 173D-E] (as Ostrea hanleyana Sowerby, 1871)

Kirkendale, L., Lee, T., Baker, P. & ÓFoighil, D. 2004. Oysters of the Conch Republic (Florida Keys): a molecular phylogenetic study of Parahyotissa mcginty, Teskeyostrea weberi and Ostreola equestris. Malacologia 46(2): 309-326

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [130, fig. 324]

Oliver, P.G. 1992. Bivalved Seashells of the Red Sea. Wiesbaden : Verlage Christa Hemmen 330 pp. [89] (in genus Hyotissa)

Paulay, G. 1996. New records and synonymies of Hawaiian bivalves (Mollusca). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 45: 18-29 [24]

Slack-Smith, S.M. & Bryce, C.W. 2004. A survey of the benthic molluscs of the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 66: 221-245 [237] (one identified specimen and other with ? No indication whether specimen was alive)

Taylor, J.D. & Glover, E.A. 2004. Diversity and distribution of subtidal benthic molluscs from the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia; results of the 1999 dredge survey (DA2/99). Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 66: 247-291 [262] (dead shells from WA)

Tëmkin, I. 2010. Molecular phylogeny of pearl oysters and their relatives (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pterioidea). BMC Evolutionary Biology 10(342): 1-28 [4, figs 2, 5, 6, 8, 10]

Torigoe, K. 2004. Oysters in the world. Part 2. Systematic description of the Recent oysters. Bulletin of the Nishinomiya Shell Museum 3(3): 1-63, pls I-XIII, index (1-9) [6-7, pl. 1, fig. 5a-5e]

Common Name References

Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [275] (Flattened Oyster)

History of changes