History of changes

Introduction

The Cucumariidae are a large cosmopolitan family of some 58 genera. Twenty-five genera are recorded in the Australian fauna, represented by 54 species.

This family, in the order Dendrochirotida, is distinguished from others by the following combination of character states: tentacles 10–30; calcareous ring simple, more or less ribbon like, or at least without posterior prolongations on the radial plates; and ossicles diverse, including perforated plates, tables, nodular plates, baskets.

General References

Panning, A. 1949. Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae. Zoologische Jahrbücher 78: 404-470 figs 1-62

Pawson, D.L. & Fell, H.B. 1965. A revised classification of the dendrochirote holothurians. Breviora. Museum of Comparative Zoology 214: 1-7

History of changes

• Actinocucumis Ludwig, H. 1875. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Würzburg 2: 77-120 pls 6-7 [91].

  Type species:

   Actinocucumis typica Ludwig, 1875 by indication.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central W coast, N coast, NE coast, NW coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

History of changes

• Actinocucumis solanderi O'Loughlin, P.M. in O'Loughlin, P.M., Mackenzie, M. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2014. New dendrochirotid sea cucumbers from northern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72: 5-23 [20-22, figs 11, 12].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM Z27850, Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, Kimberley region, WA [13.82°S 127.32°E].
  Paratype(s) NMV F202991, Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, Kimberley region, WA [11.04°S 129.81°E].

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Western Australia

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Transition (26)

History of changes

• Actinocucumis typica Ludwig, H. 1875. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Würzburg 2: 77-120 pls 6-7 [91, pl. 7(24)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMG, Bowen, QLD.
• Actinocucumis difficilis Bell, F.J. 1884. Echinodermata. 117-177, 509-512, pls 8-17, 45 in Coppinger, R.W. (ed.). Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert 1881-2. London : Bristish Museum. [148, pl. 9(c)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1881.10.26.214 1 specimen, Albany Is., N Australia, Torres Strait, QLD; BMNH 1881.12.30.10 2 specimens, Albany Is., N Australia, Torres Strait, QLD; BMNH 1881.2.22.113 about 6 specimens, Albany Is., N Australia, Torres Strait, QLD.
• Pseudocucumis quinquangularis Sluiter, C. P. 1901. Die Holothurien der Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 44: 1-142 pls 1-10 [108, pl. 6(9)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMA E1149, E1050 3 specimens, Seba and Ambon, Indonesia.
• Actinocucumis longipedes Clark, H.L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 55: 1-596, figs 1-64, pls 1-28 [480, fig. 45].

  Type data:

   Holotype MCZ 1632, False Cape Bossut, WA.
  Paratype(s) MCZ 1633 17 specimens; MCZ 1634 9 specimens; MCZ 1635 14 specimens; WAM Z1892 1 specimen (old number: 4-64), Broome, WA; AM J6452 2 specimens, False Cape Bossutt, Broome, WA.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Heding, S.G. & Panning, A. 1954. Phyllophoridae. Eine Bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten Holothurien des Zoologischen Museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 13: 1-209 figs 1-102 [72]

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Shark Bay, WA to Port Denison, Qld; Indo-west Pacific Ocean. Depth range 0-20 m.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central W coast, N coast, NE coast, NW coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (also as Actinocucumis difficilis Bell, 1884, Actinocucumis longipedes H.L. Clark, 1938, Actinocucumis quinquangularis Sluiter, 1901)

History of changes

• Amphicyclus Bell, F.J. 1884. Studies in the Holothuroidea. — III. On Amphicyclus, a new genus of dendrochirotous holothurians, and its bearing on the classification of the family. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884: 253-258 [254].

  Type species:

   Amphicyclus japonicus Bell, 1884 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Lower E coast, Tas. Coast

History of changes

• Amphicyclus mortenseni Heding, S.G. & Panning, A. 1954. Phyllophoridae. Eine Bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten Holothurien des Zoologischen Museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 13: 1-209 figs 1-102 [90, fig. 30].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMUC 22 specimens (depository uncertain), off TAS, 38º07´09˜S 149º10´33˜E.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Montague Is., NSW to D'Entrecasteaux Channel., Tas. Depth range 9-162 m.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Lower E coast, Tas. Coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental shelf, suspension feeder, temperate.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (as Mensamaria thomsoni (Hutton, 1879), in part)

Hickman, V.V. 1962. Tasmanian sea-cucumbers (Holothuroidea). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 96: 49-72 figs 1-186 pls 1-2

History of changes

• Apsolidium O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [242].

  Type species:

   Apsolidium handrecki O'Loughlin & O'Hara, 1993 by original designation.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

History of changes

• Apsolidium alvei O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [246].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAM K1824, Marion Bay, Yorke Peninsula, SA.
  Paratype(s) SAM K1825 2 specimens.

Distribution

States

South Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Yorke Peninsula to Encounter Bay SA. Depth range 0-10 m

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, suspension feeder.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567

Joshua, E.C. & Creed, E. 1915. South Australian Holothuroidea, with descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 39: 16-24 pls 2-4 (misidentified as Cucumaria squamata Ludwig, 1898)

Rowe, F.W.E. 1982. Sea-cucumbers (Class Holothurioidea). 454-476-11 figs pls 29(6), 30(3-4), 31(1) in Shepherd, S.A. & Thomas, I.M. (eds). Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Adelaide : Government Printer Part 1 491 pp. (as 'Cucumaria' squamatoides H.L. Clark, 1946, a nom. nud)

History of changes

• Apsolidium densum O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [243].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F54237, 10 km NE Apollo Bay, VIC.
  Paratype(s) AM J22753 1 specimen; NMV F53764 1 specimen, 10 km NE Apollo Bay, VIC; NMV F53766 1 specimen, Flinders, Vic.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Apollo Bay and Flinders Vic. Depth range 0-1 m

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, suspension feeder.

History of changes

• Apsolidium falconerae O'Loughlin, P.M. 2007. New cucumariid species from southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 64: 23-34 [24, fig. 1a, 2a, 3a–d, 4a].

  Type data:

   Holotype F109375, Australia, Victoria, Western Port, Phillip I., Cat Bay, shallow sublittoral, 7 Mar 1995.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Victoria, Western Port, Phillip I., Cat Bay; 0–1 m

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Bass Strait Shelf Province (35)

History of changes

• Apsolidium handrecki O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [243].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F54391, Merricks, VIC.
  Paratype(s) NMV F54392 1 adult, 1 juvenile, Merricks, VIC; NMV F53765 1 specimen, Merricks, VIC; NMV F53763 2 specimens, Merricks, VIC.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Merricks, Vic to Trigg Is., WA. Depth range 0-3 m

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, suspension feeder.

History of changes

• Australocnus O'Loughlin, P.M. & Alcock, N. 2000. The New Zealand Cucumariidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 58(1): 1-24, figs 1-6 [Date published 30/6/2000] [10].

  Type species:

   Colochirus calcarea Dendy, 1897 by original designation.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Western Australia

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33)

History of changes

• Ocnus occiduus O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [247].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F59212, Cape Vivonne, Ceduna, SA.
  Paratype(s) NMV F59213 6 specimens, Cape Vivonne, Ceduna, SA.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Yorke Peninsula, SA to Rottnest Is., WA. Depth range 0-30 m.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Great Australian Bight, Lower W coast, S Gulfs coast, SW coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, detritivore, suspension feeder.

Extra Ecological Information

Under rocks.

General References

Marsh, L.M. 1991. Shallow water echinoderms of the Albany region, south-western Australia. pp. 439-482 in Wells, F.E., Walker, D.I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (eds). Proceedings of the Third International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Albany, Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum Vol. 2 722 pp. (identified as Ocnus calcareus (Dendy, 1897))

Marsh, L.M. & Pawson, D.L. 1993. Echinoderms of Rottnest Island. pp. 279-304 in Wells, F.E., Walker, D.I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (eds). Proceedings of the Fifth International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 2 vols 634 pp. (identified as Ocnus calcareus (Dendy, 1897))

Rowe, F.W.E. 1982. Sea-cucumbers (Class Holothurioidea). 454-476-11 figs pls 29(6), 30(3-4), 31(1) in Shepherd, S.A. & Thomas, I.M. (eds). Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Adelaide : Government Printer Part 1 491 pp. [466] (identified as Ocnus calcareus (Dendy, 1897))

History of changes

• Cercodemas Selenka, E. 1867. Beiträge zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 17: 291-374 pls 17-20 [343].

  Type species:

   Cercodemas anceps Selenka, 1867 by monotypy.

Introduction

Rowe, in Rowe & Gates (1995) raised Cercodemas from synonymy, based on the following features: body wall dorsally arched with tube feet in tuberculiform papillae; body wall ossicles including fenestrated spheres and deep 'baskets' with a basic quadri-locular design; tentacles 10, the two ventral-most, smaller. The universal use of the generic name Pentacta Goldfuss, 1820 (type species Pentacta doliolum (Pallus, 1766) by monotypy), as adopted by and used since H.L. Clark (1923) was rejected. The body form of the type species, Pentacta doliolum (with tube feet restricted to the ventral ambulacra but scattered dorsally, body wall ossicles comprising multi-locular knobbed plates and shallow rugose 'baskets' with a basic quadri-locular design and 10 tentacles of more or less equal size) does not accord with the majority of its supposed congeners. Pentacta sensu stricto may well be restricted to South African waters; it includes with certainty, besides the type species, Pentacta capensis Theel, 1886). The type species, and others included in Cercodemas Selenka, 1877, Colochirus Troschel, 1846 and Plesiocolochirus Cherbonnier, 1946, are not considered congeneric with Pentacta doliolum as supposed by H.L. Clark (1946), and many previous and subsequent authors

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central E coast, Central W coast, Great Australian Bight, Lower W coast, N coast, NE coast, NW coast, SW coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

General References

Clark, H.L. 1923. The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 13(7): 221-435 figs 1-4 pls 8-23

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567

Rowe, F.W.E. in Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In, Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia xiii 510 pp. [Date published 30 May 1995]

History of changes

• Cercodemas anceps Selenka, E. 1867. Beiträge zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 17: 291-374 pls 17-20 [343, pl. 19(98-99)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) ZMG, Hong Kong; MCZ (depository uncertain), Hong Kong.
• Colochirus cucumis Semper, C. 1868. Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen 1: 1-288, pls 1-40 [58, pls 13(17), 14(16)].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown (whereabouts undetermined), 'Canal von Lapinig', Bohol, Philippines.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Rowe, F.W.E. in Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In, Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia xiii 510 pp. [Date published 30 May 1995] (based on comparative studies)

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Great Australian Bight, WA to Double Island Point, Qld; east Indo-west Pacific Ocean. Depth range 0-50 m.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central E coast, Central W coast, Great Australian Bight, Lower W coast, N coast, NE coast, NW coast, SW coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, A.M. & Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 238 pp. 100 figs 31 pls. [194] (as Pentacta anceps (Selenka, 1867)

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (as Pentacta tuberculosa (Semper, 1868), Pentacta cucumis (Semper, 1868))

History of changes

• Colochirus Troschel, F.H. 1846. Neue Holothurien — Gattungen. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 12(1): 60-66 [64].

  Type species:

   Colochirus quadrangularis Troschel, 1846 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central E coast, Central W coast, Great Australian Bight, Lower W coast, N coast, NE coast, NW coast, SW coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

General References

Panning, A. 1971. Bemerkungen über die Holothurien-Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota). 6. Die Gattungen um Ocnus Forbes, 1841 und um Pentacta Goldfuss, 1820. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum und Institut, Hamburg 67: 29-51 figs 1-5 [42] (recognised Colochirus Troschel, 1846 as a valid genus)

Rowe, F.W.E. in Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In, Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia xiii 510 pp. [Date published 30 May 1995] (Colochirus Troschel, 1846 is restricted here to the type species, Colochirus quadrangularis Troschel, 1846, Colochirus crassus Ekman, 1918 and Colochirus robustus Östergren, 1898, based on body form with large, spike-like papillae along the dorso-lateral ambulacra, low wart-like protuberances may occur inter-ambulacrally; body wall spicules comprise multi-locular, knobbed plates and asymmetric, smooth or knobbed plates; tentacles 10, ventral-most pair smaller. See also under Cercodemas)

History of changes

• Colochirus crassus Ekman, S. 1918. Results of Dr. E. Mjöberg's Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910–1913. XIX. Holothurioidea. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Nya Handlingar, Stockholm 58(6): 1-70 pls 1-5 [6, pls 1(1-4), 3(1-7)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) NHRM Type-1462, off Cape Jaubert, WA; NHRM Type-1470, off Cape Jaubert, WA.
• Colochirus quadrangularis australoides Panning, A. 1949. Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae. Zoologische Jahrbücher 78: 404-470 figs 1-62 [447, fig. 48] [as Colochirus quadrangularis var. australoides].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMH E.2824 2 specimens, Bowen, QLD.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Rowe, F.W.E. in Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In, Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia xiii 510 pp. [Date published 30 May 1995]

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Houtman Abrolhos, WA to Double Island Point, Qld and (unspecified) northern NSW; Indo-Malayan Region. Depth range 0-58 m.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central E coast, Central W coast, Lower W coast, N coast, NE coast, NW coast

Oriental Region

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, A.M. & Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 238 pp. 100 figs 31 pls. (as Pentacta crassa)

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567

History of changes

• Colochirus quadrangularis Troschel, F.H. 1846. Neue Holothurien — Gattungen. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 12(1): 60-66 [64].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB, coast of 'Malacca'.
• Colochirus coeruleus Semper, C. 1868. Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen 1: 1-288, pls 1-40 [59, pls 11(1), 13(18)].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown (whereabouts undetermined), 'Canal von Lapinig', Bohol, Philippines.
• Colochirus jagorii Semper, C. 1868. Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen 1: 1-288, pls 1-40 [60].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMB, Singapore.
• Colochirus tristis Ludwig, H. 1875. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Würzburg 2: 77-120 pls 6-7 [87].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMH 2827, Zanzibar.
• Pentacta coerulea rubra Clark, H.L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 55: 1-596, figs 1-64, pls 1-28 [451, pl. 16(5)] [as Pentacta coerulea var. rubra].

  Type data:

   Holotype MCZ 1581, Broome, WA.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 [391] (P. coerulea rubra)
• Panning, A. 1971. Bemerkungen über die Holothurien-Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota). 6. Die Gattungen um Ocnus Forbes, 1841 und um Pentacta Goldfuss, 1820. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum und Institut, Hamburg 67: 29-51 figs 1-5 [42]
• Rowe, F.W.E. in Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In, Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia xiii 510 pp. [Date published 30 May 1995] (synonymy of Colochirus jagorii Semper, 1868 and Colochirus tristis Ludwig, 1875 following re-assessment of Semper's species and examination of the holotype of Colochirus tristis)

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Great Australian Bight, WA, west, north and east to Double Island Point, Qld; east Indo-west Pacific Ocean. Depth range 0-115 m.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central W coast, Great Australian Bight, Lower W coast, N coast, NE coast, NW coast, SW coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental shelf, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, A.M. & Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 238 pp. 100 figs 31 pls. (also as Pentacta jagorii (Semper, 1868) and Pentacta tristis (Ludwig, 1875))

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (as Pentacta quadrangularis (Troschel, 1846), Pentacta jagorii (Semper, 1868))

History of changes

• Colochirus robustus Östergren, H. 1898. 2. Zur Anatomie der Dendrochiroten, nebst Beschreibungen neuer Arten. Zoologischer Anzeiger 21(552): 133-136 [134].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZIUU (depository uncertain), Korea Strait, off South Korea.
• Colochirus robustoides Ekman, S. 1918. Results of Dr. E. Mjöberg's Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910–1913. XIX. Holothurioidea. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Nya Handlingar, Stockholm 58(6): 1-70 pls 1-5 [18, pls 1(5-6), 3(10-12)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) NHRM Type-1102, off Cape Jaubert, WA; NHRM Type-1463, off Cape Jaubert, WA; NHRM Type-1467, off Cape Jaubert, WA.
• Colochirus luteus Sluiter, C. P. 1901. Die Holothurien der Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 44: 1-142 pls 1-10 [100, pls 2(6), 7(2)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMA E1018, E1025, E1035, E1304 20 specimens, Indo-Malayan Region.
• Colochirus squamatus Sluiter, C. P. 1901. Die Holothurien der Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 44: 1-142 pls 1-10 [101, pl. 8(3)].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMA E1007, off Timor (9º00´02˜S 126º24´03˜E), Indonesia.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Rowe, F.W.E. in Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In, Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia xiii 510 pp. [Date published 30 May 1995] (based on a re-assessment of the original descriptions and examination of specimens of Colochirus luteus Sluiter, 1901 (possibly syntypes) from the Siboga Expedition collections in the Amsterdam Museum)

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Scott Reef and Cape Jaubert WA; Indo-Malayan Region. Depth range 7-112 m.

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: NW coast

Oriental Region

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental shelf, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, A.M. & Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 238 pp. 100 figs 31 pls. (as Pentacta robusta (Östergren, 1898))

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (as Pentacta robustoides (Ekman, 1918), Pentacta robusta (Östergren, 1898))

Marsh, L.M. 1986. Echinoderms. pp. 63-74 in Berry, P.F. (ed.). Faunal Surveys of the Rowley Shoals, Scott Reef and Seringapatam Reef, northwestern Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 25: 1-106 (as Pentacta lutea (Sluiter, 1901))

History of changes

• Cucumaria Blainville, H.M.D. de 1830. Zoophytes. In, Levrault, F.G. (ed.). Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, dans lequel on traitre méthodiquement des differéns êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement a l'utlité qu'en peuvent retirer la médicine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Paris : Le Normat Tome 60 546 pp, 68 pls (+ pp. 547-631). [173, 176].

  Type species:

   Holothuria pentactes Gmelin, 1791 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: NW coast

History of changes

• Cucumaria adela Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 [387, 389].

  Type data:

   Holotype NHRM (depository uncertain), off Cape Jaubert, WA.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from Cape Jaubert, recorded depth 20 m.

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, tropical.

History of changes

• Cucuvitrum O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [232].

  Type species:

   Cucuvitrum rowei O'Loughlin & O'Hara, 1993 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Great Australian Bight, Lower E coast, Lower W coast, S Gulfs coast, SW coast, Tas. Coast

History of changes

• Cucuvitrum rowei O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [232].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F57356, Cape Paterson, VIC.
  Paratype(s) NMV F54241 5 specimens, Cape Paterson, VIC; NMV F54240 2 specimens, Apollo Bay, VIC.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Coffs Harbour, NSW to Rottnest Is., WA. Depth range 0-28 m.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Great Australian Bight, Lower E coast, Lower W coast, S Gulfs coast, SW coast, Tas. Coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, detritivore, suspension feeder.

Extra Ecological Information

Algal epifauna or under rocks.

General References

Clark, A.M. 1966. Port Phillip Survey 1957–63. Echinodermata. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 27: 289-384, figs 1-10, pls 1-4 [346] (as Stereoderma sp.)

Marsh, L.M. & Pawson, D.L. 1993. Echinoderms of Rottnest Island. pp. 279-304 in Wells, F.E., Walker, D.I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (eds). Proceedings of the Fifth International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 2 vols 634 pp. (as Pseudocnus sp. A)

Rowe, F.W.E. 1982. Sea-cucumbers (Class Holothurioidea). 454-476-11 figs pls 29(6), 30(3-4), 31(1) in Shepherd, S.A. & Thomas, I.M. (eds). Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Adelaide : Government Printer Part 1 491 pp. [466] (as Pseudocnus sp.)

Rowe, F.W.E. & Vail, L.L. 1982. The distributions of Tasmanian echinoderms in relation to southern Australian biogeographic provinces. pp. 219-225 fig. 1 in Lawrence, J.M. (ed.). Echinoderms: Proceedings of the International Conference, Tampa Bay. Rotterdam : A.A. Balkema. [223] (as Pseudocnus sp. nov.)

History of changes

• Incubocnus Thandar & Vinola, 2017.

  Type species:

   Neocnus incubans Cherbonnier, 1972 by original designation, see Thandar, A. S. & Vinola, L. W. V. 2017. The current status of Neocnus Arredondo, 1961 (Mammalia: Edentata: Pilosa: Megalonichidae) and a replacement name for its junior homonym in the sea cucumber family Cucumariidae (Echinodermata :Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae). Zootaxa 4337(2): 288.
• Neocnus Cherbonnier, G. 1972. Neocnus incubans nouveaux genres et nouvelle espèce d'holothurie dendrochirote incubatrice de Méditerranée. Comptes Rendus (Hebdomadaires) des Séances de l'Academie des Sciences. Série D. Sciences Naturelles Series D 275(1): 225-227 [225] [junior homonym].

  Type species:

   Neocnus incubans Cherbonnier, 1972 by original designation.

Introduction

Name preoccupied by Neocnus Arredondo, 1961 (fossil sloth).

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

History of changes

• Neocnus bimarsupiis O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [234].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F54238, Apollo Bay, VIC.
  Paratype(s) NMV F54239 120 specimens, Apollo Bay, VIC; AM J22752 20 specimens.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Cape Paterson, Vic to Robe, SA, and NE Tas. Depth range 0-6 m

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, suspension feeder, temperate.

General References

O'Loughlin, P.M. 1991. Brooding and fission in shallow-water echinoderms of southern Australia. pp. 223-228 figs 1-5 in Yanagisawa, T., Yasumasu, I., Oguro, C., Suzuki, N. & Motokawa, T. (eds). Biology of Echinodermata. Rotterdam : A.A. Balkema. (as Neocnus sp.)

Rowe, F.W.E. & Vail, L.L. 1982. The distributions of Tasmanian echinoderms in relation to southern Australian biogeographic provinces. pp. 219-225 fig. 1 in Lawrence, J.M. (ed.). Echinoderms: Proceedings of the International Conference, Tampa Bay. Rotterdam : A.A. Balkema. (as Neocnus sp. nov.)

History of changes

• Leptopentacta Clark, H.L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 55: 1-596, figs 1-64, pls 1-28 [453].

  Type species:

   Leptopentacta grisea H.L. Clark, 1938 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Great Barrier Reef, N coast, NW coast

History of changes

• Leptopentacta grisea Clark, H.L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 55: 1-596, figs 1-64, pls 1-28 [453, fig. 37].

  Type data:

   Holotype MCZ 1588, Broome, WA.
  Paratype(s) WAM Z1895 1 specimen (old number: 2-64), Broome, WA.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Broome, WA to Murray Ils, Qld. Littoral waters (low water mark).

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Great Barrier Reef, N coast, NW coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567

History of changes

• Loisettea Rowe, F.W.E. & Pawson, D.L. 1985. Loisettea amphictena, new genus, new species, from the sublittoral of north–western Australia (Echinodermata: Holothurioidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93(3): 672-677 figs 1-3 [672].

  Type species:

   Loisettea amphictena Rowe & Pawson, 1985 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central E coast, Central W coast, N coast, NW coast

Oriental Region

History of changes

• Loisettea amphictena Rowe, F.W.E. & Pawson, D.L. 1985. Loisettea amphictena, new genus, new species, from the sublittoral of north–western Australia (Echinodermata: Holothurioidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93(3): 672-677 figs 1-3 [673, figs 1-3].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM J1427, off Cape Bertholet (17º38´S 121º27´E), WA.
  Paratype(s) AM J14283; AM J14288; WAM Z1896 1 specimen (old number: 54–63), SW of Adele Is, WA; WAM Z1951, Z1897 2 specimens (old numbers: 70–63, 96-63), E of Delambre Is, Dampier Archipelago, WA; WAM Z1898 1 specimen (old number: 330-71), off Carnarvon, WA; WAM Z1900 1 specimen (old number: 676-82), N of Port Walcott, WA; WAM Z1899 1 specimen (old number: 332-71), Shark Bay, WA; WAM Z1901 1 specimen (old number: 677-82), Port Walcott, WA.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Shark Bay, WA to Darwin, NT. Depth range 18-78 m.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central E coast, Central W coast, N coast, NW coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental shelf, suspension feeder, tropical.

History of changes

• Colochirus gazellae Lampert, K. 1889. Die während der Expedition S.M.S. Gazelle 1874–1876 von Prof. Dr. Th. Studer gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4(4): 806-858 pl. 24 [823, pl. 24(5)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MCZ 3 specimens, Mermaid Strait, northwestern Australia; NHMW 11523 2 syntypes, Mermaid Strait, northwestern Australia, 2.5-7.5 fathoms.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known in Australia only from Mermaid Strait WA; Indo-Malayan Region. Depth range 3-36 m.

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: NW coast

Oriental Region

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (as Thyone gazellae (Lampert, 1889))

Rowe, F.W.E. & Pawson, D.L. 1985. Loisettea amphictena, new genus, new species, from the sublittoral of north–western Australia (Echinodermata: Holothurioidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93(3): 672-677 figs 1-3

History of changes

• Mensamaria Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 [405].

  Type species:

   Pseudocucumis intercedens Lampert, 1885 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Central E coast, Central W coast, Great Australian Bight, Lower E coast, Lower W coast, N coast, NE coast, NW coast, SW coast

Oriental Region

History of changes

• Pseudocucumis intercedens Lampert, K. 1885. Die Seewalzen-Holothurioidea. In Semper, C. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen 2 4(3): 1-312 1 pl. [254, fig. 54a].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, ZMB (depository uncertain), 'Patria?'.
• Cucumaria bicolor Bell, F.J. 1887. Studies in the Holothurioidea. — VI. Descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887: 531-534, pl. 45 [532, pl. 45(2)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH 1886.4.20.6–8 3 specimens, King Sound, WA.
• Cucumaria striata Joshua, E.C. & Creed, E. 1915. South Australian Holothuroidea, with descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 39: 16-24 pls 2-4 [18, pl. 3(2)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) SAM K1371 1 specimen, Great Australian Bight, WA; NMV H141 1 specimen, Great Australian Bight.
• Pseudocucumis eurystichus Clark, H.L. 1921. The echinoderm fauna of Torres Strait. Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington 10: 1-224, 38 pls [169, pl. 37(9-19)].

  Type data:

   Holotype MCZ 1004, Friday Is., Torres Strait, QLD.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Heding, S.G. & Panning, A. 1954. Phyllophoridae. Eine Bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten Holothurien des Zoologischen Museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 13: 1-209 figs 1-102 [92]
• Rowe, F.W.E. in Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In, Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia xiii 510 pp. [Date published 30 May 1995] (adds C. striata to the synonymy following examination of the holotype)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Great Australian Bight and west, north and south to Point Hicks, Vic; Indo-Malayan Region. Depth range 0-183 m (usually less than 36 m).

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Central E coast, Central W coast, Great Australian Bight, Lower E coast, Lower W coast, N coast, NE coast, NW coast, SW coast

Oriental Region

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental shelf, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, A.M. & Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 238 pp. 100 figs 31 pls.

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (as Cucumaria bicolor Bell, 1887, Cucumaria striata Joshua & Creed, 1915)

Rowe, F.W.E. 1982. Sea-cucumbers (Class Holothurioidea). 454-476-11 figs pls 29(6), 30(3-4), 31(1) in Shepherd, S.A. & Thomas, I.M. (eds). Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Adelaide : Government Printer Part 1 491 pp.

History of changes

• Neoamphicyclus Hickman, V.V. 1962. Tasmanian sea-cucumbers (Holothuroidea). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 96: 49-72 figs 1-186 pls 1-2 [50, 58].

  Type species:

   Neoamphicyclus lividus Hickman, 1962 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

History of changes

• Neoamphicyclus altoffi O'Loughlin, P.M. 2007. New cucumariid species from southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 64: 23-34 [25-26, figs 1c, 1d, 2c, 4b, 4c].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM Z279-92, Western Australia, Fremantle, Hall Bank, 25 Jan 1980.
  Paratype(s) WAM Z722-71 2 specimens, Cockburn Sound, Woodman’s Point, Posidonia bed, 1 m, 25 Aug 1971; WAM Z721-71 1 specimen, Cockburn Sound, Woodman’s Point, Posidonia bed, 1 m, 11 Feb 1968; WAM Z453-78 1 specimen, Cockburn Sound, south flats, 24 Nov 1966; WAM Z729-71 1 specimen, Western Australia, Garden I., Careening Bay, Skippy Rock, 3–7 m, 6 Jan 1965.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Victoria (East Gippsland), Bass Strait, SE and N Tasmania, South Australia, SW Western Australia (Perth); 0–59 m.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

History of changes

• Neoamphicyclus lividus Hickman, V.V. 1962. Tasmanian sea-cucumbers (Holothuroidea). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 96: 49-72 figs 1-186 pls 1-2 [50, 58, figs 53-63, pl. 1(5)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM J7217-8, J7220-1, J7225 slides, Pirates Bay, Eaglehawk Neck, TAS; AM J7196 11 specimens, Pirates Bay, Eaglehawk Neck, TAS.

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

SE Tasmania; N Tasmania, King I.; rocky shallows. Many historical specimens re-identifed as N. materiae

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, temperate.

General References

Marsh, L.M. 1991. Shallow water echinoderms of the Albany region, south-western Australia. pp. 439-482 in Wells, F.E., Walker, D.I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (eds). Proceedings of the Third International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Albany, Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum Vol. 2 722 pp.

Rowe, F.W.E. 1982. Sea-cucumbers (Class Holothurioidea). 454-476-11 figs pls 29(6), 30(3-4), 31(1) in Shepherd, S.A. & Thomas, I.M. (eds). Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Adelaide : Government Printer Part 1 491 pp.

History of changes

• Neoamphicyclus materiae O'Loughlin, P.M. 2007. New cucumariid species from southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 64: 23-34 [27-28, figs 1e, 2e, 4d].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F132722, Victoria, Flinders ocean platforms, under rocks and on algae, 10 Mar 1980.
  Paratype(s) NMV F76372 4 specimens, Victoria, Flinders ocean platforms, under rocks and on algae, 10 Mar 1980; NMV F76360 11 specimens, Victoria, Flinders, SE corner of Mushroom Reef, 12 Dec 1985; NMV F76364 14 specimens, Victoria, Flinders, E of Mushroom Reef, 12 Dec 1985, 9 Oct 1987.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

S New South Wales (Bateman’s Bay), Victoria, N Tasmania (excluding King I.), South Australia, S Western Australia (Princess Royal Harbour, Quaranup (Marsh, 1991)); 0–7 m. Many records formerly identified as N. lividus

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

History of changes

• Cucumaria mutans Joshua, E.C. 1914. Victorian Holothuroidea, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 27(1): 1-11, pl. 1 [4, pl. 1(1)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) NMV F45138 2 specimens, Western Port Bay, Port Phillip Bay and VIC coastline; NMV F45139 3 specimens, no locality; NMV F45140 slide-ossicles, Western Port Bay, Port Phillip Bay and VIC coastline.

Generic Combinations

• Neoamphicyclus mutans (Joshua, 1914). —
  O'Loughlin, P.M. 2007. New cucumariid species from southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 64: 23-34 [28, fig 1b, 2d, 4e]
• Cucumella mutans (Joshua, 1914).

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Victoria, W of Wilsons Promontory (Walkerville), N Tasmania, to SW Western Australia (Perth); 0–6 m

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, temperate.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (as Mensamaria thomsoni (Hutton, 1879) in part)

Hickman, V.V. 1962. Tasmanian sea-cucumbers (Holothuroidea). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 96: 49-72 figs 1-186 pls 1-2

History of changes

• Neocucumella Pawson, D.L. 1962. A new phyllophorid genus in the Holothuroidea. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 2(11): 65-67 figs 1-2 [65].

  Type species:

   Pseudocucumis bicolumnatus Dendy & Hindle, 1907 by original designation.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

History of changes

• Neocucumella fracta O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [250].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAM K1797, Point Lowly, Spencer Gulf, SA, 33º01´S 137º48´E.
  Paratype(s) SAM K1817 1 specimen; SAM K1792 1 specimen; SAM K1796 1 specimen; SAM K1802 1 specimen; SAM K1793 2 specimens.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

E Bass Strait, Vic to Spencer Gulf, SA. Depth range 10-71 m

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, suspension feeder.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 [406] (misidentified as Mensamaria bicolumnata (Dendy & Hindle, 1907))

Joshua, E.C. & Creed, E. 1915. South Australian Holothuroidea, with descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 39: 16-24 pls 2-4 [19] (misidentified as Pseudocucumis bicolumnatus (Dendy & Hindle, 1907))

Rowe, F.W.E. 1982. Sea-cucumbers (Class Holothurioidea). 454-476-11 figs pls 29(6), 30(3-4), 31(1) in Shepherd, S.A. & Thomas, I.M. (eds). Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Adelaide : Government Printer Part 1 491 pp. [467] (misidentified as Neocucumella bicolumnata (Dendy & Hindle, 1907))

History of changes

• Neocucumella turnerae O'Loughlin, P.M. 2007. New cucumariid species from southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 64: 23-34 [29, figs 1f, 2b, 4f].

  Type data:

   Holotype TMAG H3295, SE Tasmania, Blackmans Bay, on beach after storm, 12 Jun 1988.
  Paratype(s) TMAG H3296 10 specimens, SE Tasmania, Blackmans Bay, on beach after storm, 12 Jun 1988.

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

SE Tasmania, Derwent Estuary, sediment; sublittoral to 110 m

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Tasmanian Shelf Province (36)

History of changes

• Neocucumis Deichmann, E. 1944. Urodemas bifurcatum, a new holothurian from South Africa, with a revision of the genus Urodema Selenka. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 11 11: 731-737 figs 1-3 [736].

  Type species:

   Cucumaria marioni Marenzeller, 1877 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Lower E coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

Palaearctic Region

• Japan

History of changes

• Neocucumis cauda O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [248].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F57952, S of Lakes Entrance (38º04´S 148º00´E), VIC.
  Paratype(s) NMV F57953 1 specimen, S of Lakes Entrance (38º04´S 148º00´E), VIC.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Cape Three Points, NSW to south of Lakes Entrance Vic. Depth range 28-93 m.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Lower E coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, suspension feeder.

History of changes

• Pseudocucumis watasei Ohshima, H. 1915. Report on the holothurians collected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross in the northwestern Pacific during the summer of 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 48(2073): 213-291 pls 8-11 [273, pl. 10(25)].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM 34176, Suruga Bay, Japan.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Cronulla to Shellharbour NSW; Japan. Depth range (shallow water) 144-236 m.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Lower E coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

Palaearctic Region

• Japan

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental slope, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Heding, S.G. & Panning, A. 1954. Phyllophoridae. Eine Bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten Holothurien des Zoologischen Museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 13: 1-209 figs 1-102

Rowe, F.W.E. in Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In, Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia xiii 510 pp. [Date published 30 May 1995] (identification provisional, also generic placement in doubt)

History of changes

• Orbithyone Clark, H.L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 55: 1-596, figs 1-64, pls 1-28 [473].

  Type species:

   Orbithyone megapodia H.L. Clark, 1938 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: NW coast

History of changes

• Orbithyone megapodia Clark, H.L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 55: 1-596, figs 1-64, pls 1-28 [474].

  Type data:

   Holotype MCZ 1627, Broome, WA.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian distribution known only from Broome; Aldabra, western Indian Ocean. Depth range 0-15 m.

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: NW coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567

Hughes, R.N. & Gamble, J.C. 1977. A quantitative survey of the biota of intertidal soft substrata on Aldabra Atoll, Indian Ocean. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 279: 327-355

History of changes

• Pentactella Verrill, 1876.

  Type species:

   Pentactella laevigata Verrill, 1876 by monotypy, see Verrill, A.E. 1876. Annelids and echinoderms [from Kerguelen Island]. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 3: 64-77.

Distribution

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24)

Other Regions

Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

History of changes

• Cucumaria serrata var. intermedia Théel, H. 1886. Holothurioidea. Part 2. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 39: 1-290 pls 1-16.

Generic Combinations

• Pseudocnus intermedia (Théel, 1886).
• Pentactella intermedia (Théel, 1886).

Distribution

Other Regions

Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

General References

O'Loughlin, P.M. 2009. BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa 2196: 1-18 [7] (for full synonymy)

History of changes

• Pentactella laevigata Verrill, A.E. 1876. Annelids and echinoderms [from Kerguelen Island]. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 3: 64-77 [68].

Generic Combinations

• Pseudocnus laevigatus (Verrill, 1876).

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Marion Island (0.5–240 m); Crozet, Kerguelen, Heard Islands (0.5–275 m); Macquarie Island (0.5–135 m). Théel (1886) records one small specimen from 1023 m south of Crozet Island (as Cucumaria serrata var marionensis)

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24)

Other Regions

Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

General References

O'Loughlin, P.M. 2009. BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa 2196: 1-18 [8] (for full synonymy)

History of changes

• Pentocnus O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [230].

  Type species:

   Pentocnus bursatus O'Loughlin & O'Hara, 1993 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Western Australia

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Lower W coast, S Gulfs coast

History of changes

• Pentocnus bursatus O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [230].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F57549, Cape Paterson, VIC.
  Paratype(s) AM J22754 6 specimens; NMV F58629 juvenile, Cape Paterson, VIC; NMV F54236 1 specimen, Cape Paterson, VIC; NMV F53762 1 specimen, Cape Paterson, VIC; NMV F54181 1 specimen, Cape Paterson, VIC; NMV F59207 1 specimen, Beachport, SA.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Cape Paterson, Vic to Rottnest Is., WA. Depth range 0-4 m.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Lower W coast, S Gulfs coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, suspension feeder.

Extra Ecological Information

Amongst algal tufts.

General References

Marsh, L.M. & Pawson, D.L. 1993. Echinoderms of Rottnest Island. pp. 279-304 in Wells, F.E., Walker, D.I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (eds). Proceedings of the Fifth International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 2 vols 634 pp. (as Pseudocnus sp. B)

O'Loughlin, P.M. 1991. Brooding and fission in shallow-water echinoderms of southern Australia. pp. 223-228 figs 1-5 in Yanagisawa, T., Yasumasu, I., Oguro, C., Suzuki, N. & Motokawa, T. (eds). Biology of Echinodermata. Rotterdam : A.A. Balkema. [224] (as cucumariid sp.)

Rowe, F.W.E. & Vail, L.L. 1982. The distributions of Tasmanian echinoderms in relation to southern Australian biogeographic provinces. pp. 219-225 fig. 1 in Lawrence, J.M. (ed.). Echinoderms: Proceedings of the International Conference, Tampa Bay. Rotterdam : A.A. Balkema. [224] (as Pseudocnus sp.)

History of changes

• Plesiocolochirus Cherbonnier, G. 1946. Sur une Holothurie de Quoy et Gaimard, type d'un nouveau genre: Plesiocolochirus N.G. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris [published 1907-1971] 2 18(3): 280-286 [286].

  Type species:

   Holothuria spinosa Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 by original designation.
• Apentacta Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 [395].

  Type species:

   Holothuria spinosa Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 by original designation.
• Acolochirus Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 [395].

  Type species:

   Colochirus challengeri Théel, 1886 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Clark, A.M. & Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 238 pp. 100 figs 31 pls. [195] (explain the synonymy of Apentacta and Plesiocolochirus)
• Rowe, F.W.E. in Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In, Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia xiii 510 pp. [Date published 30 May 1995] (adds Acolochirus based on overall similarity of body form and body wall ossicles. The genus Plesiocolochirus Cherbonnier, 1946 is recognised here by its body form, usually ventrally 'sole'-like with prominent tube feet; dorsally, the tube feet are prominent in the dorso-lateral angles but may also be scattered inter-ambulacrally; the body wall is very brittle and packed with ossicles including multi-layered scales, nodular perforated plates and a superficial layer of simple, shallow 'baskets' with a basic quadri-locular design; tentacles 10, the 2 ventral-most smaller. The species P. armatus, australis, challengeri, dispar, ignava and with reservation occiduus are new combinations. See also under Cerodemas)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Central E coast, Central W coast, Great Australian Bight, Great Barrier Reef, Lower E coast, Lower W coast, N coast, NE coast, NW coast, S Gulfs coast, SW coast, Tas. Coast
• New Zealand
  • North Island

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

History of changes

• Colochirus armatus Marenzeller, E. von 1882. Neue Holothurien von Japan und China. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 31: 121-140 pls 4-5 [132, pl. 5(8)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) NHMW 11492 1 syntype, China or Japan; NHMW 11517 23 syntypes, Japan or China.
• Colochirus scandens Sluiter, C. P. 1888. Die Evertebraten aus der Sammulung des Koniglichen Naturwissenschaftlichen vereins in Niederländisch Indien in Batavia. Die Echinodermen. 1. Holothuroidea. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië 47: 181-220 2 pls [205, pl. 2(23-26)].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMA E2172, Bay of Batavia, Indonesia.
• Colochirus loeppenthini Heding, S.G. 1940. Echinoderms of the Iranian Gulf. Holothuroidea. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran 2: 113-137 figs 1-12 [135, fig. 12] [as Colochirus löeppenthini].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMUC, northeast of Bahrein (?Bahrain), Persian Gulf.
  Paratype(s) ZMUC 4 specimens.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Rowe, F.W.E. in Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In, Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia xiii 510 pp. [Date published 30 May 1995] (based on re-assessment of original descriptions and examination of Australian material)

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Off Port Hedland, WA to Heron Is., Qld; Indo-west Pacific Ocean. Depth range 0-37 m.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Great Barrier Reef, N coast, NE coast, NW coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, A.M. & Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 238 pp. 100 figs 31 pls. (as Pentacta armatus (Marenzeller, 1881), Pentacta scandens (Sluiter, 1887) and Pentacta loeppenthini (Heding, 1940))

History of changes

• Colochirus australis Ludwig, H. 1875. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Würzburg 2: 77-120 pls 6-7 [88].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMH E.2790, Bowen, QLD.
• Colochirus minuta Ludwig, H. 1875. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Würzburg 2: 77-120 pls 6-7 [89, pl. 6(16)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMH E.2808 4 specimens, Bowen, QLD.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Rowe, F.W.E. in Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In, Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia xiii 510 pp. [Date published 30 May 1995] (based on examination of type material of australis and minuta together with extensive collections of Australian material)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Shark Bay, WA to Port Jackson, NSW; west Pacific Ocean. Depth range 0-73 m.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central E coast, Central W coast, Lower E coast, N coast, NE coast, NW coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental shelf, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, A.M. & Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 238 pp. 100 figs 31 pls. (Pentacta australis (Ludwig, 1875) and Pentacta minuta (Ludwig, 1875))

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (in part; records from southern Australia based on misidentified Plesiocolochirus ignava, also as Pentacta minuta (Ludwig, 1875))

Erwe, W. 1913. Holothurioidea. 349-402 pls 5-8 in Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (eds). Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Jena : G. Fischer Band 4, Lieferung 5. (misidentified as Colochirus doliolum; (misidentified as Colochirus doliolum (Pallas, 1766))

History of changes

• Colochirus challengeri Théel, H. 1886. Holothurioidea. Part 2. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 39: 1-290 pls 1-16 [80, pls 6(11), 14(1-2)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH 1886.10.2.81 2 specimens, Torres Strait, 10º30´S 142º18´E.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

North off Cobourg Peninsula, NT to Moreton Bay, Qld; west Pacific Ocean. Depth range 10-78 m.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central E coast, N coast, NE coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental shelf, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, A.M. & Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 238 pp. 100 figs 31 pls.

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (as Acolochirus challengeri (Théel, 1886))

History of changes

• Colochirus dispar Lampert, K. 1889. Die während der Expedition S.M.S. Gazelle 1874–1876 von Prof. Dr. Th. Studer gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4(4): 806-858 pl. 24 [820, fig. 4].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) SMNS 3 specimens (depository uncertain), Mermaid Strait, northwest Australia.
• Colochirus gravieri Vaney, C. 1905. Holothuries recueillies par M. Ch. Gravier sur la côte françise des somalis. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris [published 1907-1971] 11: 186-190 [188].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP, between Pingouin and Météore Reefs, coast of Somalia.
• Pentacta trimorpha Clark, H.L. 1921. The echinoderm fauna of Torres Strait. Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington 10: 1-224, 38 pls [171, pl. 37(1-8)].

  Type data:

   Holotype MCZ 997, Murray Is. (as Mer, Murray Ils), QLD.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Rowe, F.W.E. in Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata. In, Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia xiii 510 pp. [Date published 30 May 1995] (adds P. trimorpha and thus extends synonymy inferred by Cherbonnier, G. 1955. Les Holothuries de la Mer Rouge. Annales de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco ns 30: 129–183 pls 22–49 [162])

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Bunbury, WA to Swain Reefs, Qld; Indian Ocean, Indo-Malayan Region. Depth range 0-20 m.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central W coast, Great Barrier Reef, Lower W coast, N coast, NW coast

Oriental Region

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, A.M. & Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 238 pp. 100 figs 31 pls. [180] (as Pentacta dispar (Lampert, 1889))

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (as Pentacta dispar (Lampert, 1889), Pentacta trimorpha H.L. Clark, 1921)

History of changes

• Cucumaria ignava Ludwig, H. 1875. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Würzburg 2: 77-120 pls 6-7 [81].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMH E.2870, Gulf St Vincent, SA.

Generic Combinations

• Plesiocolochirus ignavus (Ludwig, 1875).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Coffs Harbour, NSW to Houtman Abrolhos, WA. Depth range 1-36 m.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Great Australian Bight, Lower E coast, Lower W coast, S Gulfs coast, SW coast, Tas. Coast
• New Zealand
  • North Island

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, temperate.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (in part, as Pentacta australis Ludwig, 1875)

Marsh, L.M. & Pawson, D.L. 1993. Echinoderms of Rottnest Island. pp. 279-304 in Wells, F.E., Walker, D.I., Kirkman, H. & Lethbridge, R. (eds). Proceedings of the Fifth International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 2 vols 634 pp. [295] (as Pentacta sp. cf minuta Ludwig)

Panning, A. 1966. Bemerkungen über due Holothurien - Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota). 5. Die Gattungen Heterothyone Panning, 1949 und Leptopentacta H.L. Clark, 1938. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum und Institut, Hamburg 63: 51-69 figs 1-9 pl. 1 (as Leptopentacta ignava)

History of changes

• Holothuria spinosa Quoy, J.R.C. & Gaimard, P. 1833. Voyage de découvertes de l'Astrolabe: Zoologie: Zoophytes. Paris : J. Tastu 390 pp. 26 pls. [118, pl. 7(1-10)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MNHP 8 specimens, Port Jackson, Sydney, NSW.
• Stereoderma validum Bell, F.J. 1884. Echinodermata. 117-177, 509-512, pls 8-17, 45 in Coppinger, R.W. (ed.). Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert 1881-2. London : Bristish Museum. [150, pl. 9(3a-f)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1862.12.19.6, Port Jackson, NSW and North Dunbar Is., China Seas; BMNH 1881.10.26.114–118, 201, Port Jackson, NSW and North Dunbar Is., China Seas.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 [395]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Swain Reefs, Qld to Sth NSW (Point Cooke, Vic); west Pacific Ocean, China Sea. Depth range 9-90 m.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Central E coast, Great Barrier Reef, Lower E coast, NE coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental shelf, suspension feeder, temperate, tropical.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (as Apentacta spinosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833))

History of changes

• Pseudocolochirus Pearson, J. 1910. 2. Littoral marine fauna: Kerimba Archipelago, Portuguese East Africa. Holothurioidea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1910: 167-182 figs 13-17 [172] [Deichmann, E. 1930. The holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 71(3): 43–236 pls 1–24 (181–182) described this genus and designated the type species on the basis that '… the name has been proposed by Pearson, but was never published...', however, the name was published for the species Pseudocolochirus violaceus (Théel, 1886) by Pearson (op. cit.)].

  Type species:

   Colochirus violaceus Théel, 1886 by monotypy.

  Secondary source:

   Deichmann, E. 1930. The holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 71(3): 43-236 pls 1-24.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central E coast, Great Barrier Reef, N coast, NE coast, NW coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

History of changes

• Colochirus violaceus Théel, H. 1886. Holothurioidea. Part 2. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 39: 1-290 pls 1-16 [78, pls 5(4), 13(1-2)].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.10.2.79, Philippines (11º06´N 123º09´E).
• Cucumaria tricolor Sluiter, C. P. 1901. Die Holothurien der Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 44: 1-142 pls 1-10 [81, pls 1(3), 7(8)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMA E2173/1-2, E2497 8 specimens, 'Jedan Island', east coast of Aru Ils, Indonesia.
• Colochirus axiologus Clark, H.L. 1914. The echinoderms of the Western Australian Museum. Records of the Western Australian Museum 1(3): 132-173 fig. 1 pls 17-26 [171, pl. 25].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM Z1893 (old number: 4033), Port Hedland, WA.
  Paratype(s) MCZ 940 1 specimen (not in WAM as suggested by Rowe & Gates (1995)), Port Hedland, WA.
• Pseudocolochirus arae Boone, L. 1938. The marine Algae, Coelenterata, Annelida, Polychaeta, Echinodermata, etc. of the world cruises of the yachts Ara 1928–1929 and Alva 1931–1933. Part IV. Echinodermata. Bulletin of the Vanderbilt Marine Museum 7: 109-193 figs 8-13 pls 33-70 [186, pls 69-70].

  Type data:

   Holotype VMM, mouth of the Saigon River, Cochin China.
• Pseudocolochirus bicolor Cherbonnier, G. 1970. Pseudocolochirus bicolor n. sp., nouvelle holothurie dendrochirote de Madagascar. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris [published 1907-1971] 242(2): 424-427 [424].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP, Tuléar, Madagascar.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Cherbonnier, G. 1988. Faune de Madagascar. 70. Echinodermes: Holothurides. Paris : Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 292 pp. 125 figs. [174]

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Port Hedland, WA to Double Island Point, Qld and to northern NSW and Lord Howe Is.; Indo-west Pacific Ocean. Depth range 0-13 m.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central E coast, Great Barrier Reef, N coast, NE coast, NW coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (as Pseudocolochirus axiologus (H.L. Clark, 1914))

History of changes

• Pseudopsolus Ludwig, H. 1898. Holothurien. Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 1: 1-98, 3 pls [49].

Distribution

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24)

History of changes

• Psolus macquariensis Dendy, A. 1896. Observations on the Holothurians of New Zealand; with descriptions of four new species, and an appendix on the development of the wheels in Chirodota. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 22-52 [Date published April 1, 1997] [41].

Generic Combinations

• Pseudopsolus macquariensis (Dendy, 1896).

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Macquarie (P. macquariensis gruai) & Kerguelen Is. 0–14 m

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24)

Distribution References

History of changes

• Pseudopsolus macquariensis gruai Cherbonnier, G. 1974. Invertébrés de l'infralittoral rocheux dans l'Archipel de Kergulen. Holothurides et Échnides. Le fascicule 35. Comité national français des Recherches Antarctiques 3: 27-31 [as var.].

Distribution

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24)

General References

O'Loughlin, P.M. 2009. BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa 2196: 1-18 [10] (for distribution)

History of changes

• Psolidiella Mortensen, T. 1925. Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands. III–V. Asteroidea, Holothurioidea and Crinoidea. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 79: 261-420, figs 1-70, pls 12-14 [359].

  Type species:

   Psolidiella nigra Mortensen, 1925 by original designation.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

History of changes

• Psolidiella hickmani O'Loughlin, P.M. 2000. A review of the cucumariid genus Psolidiella Mortensen (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 58(1): 25-37, figs 1-4 [Date published 30/6/2000] [29, fig. 1d-f, 3a-l].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F74912, Kitty Miller Bay, Vic.
  Paratype(s) NMV F68226 14 specimens, Kitty Miller Bay, Vic; NMV F68259 2 specimens, Kitty Miller Bay, Vic; NMV F68257 4 specimens, Kitty Miller Bay, Vic; NMV F68260 6 specimens, Kitty Miller Bay, Vic; NMV F65928 7 specimens, Kitty Miller Bay, Vic.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Robe, SA to Wilsons Promontory, including Tasmania, 0-1 m

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36)

Ecological Descriptors

Infralittoral fringe.

History of changes

• Psolidiella maculosa O'Loughlin, P.M. 2000. A review of the cucumariid genus Psolidiella Mortensen (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 58(1): 25-37, figs 1-4 [Date published 30/6/2000] [30, fig. 1d,f, 4a-l].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM Z4781, Perth, WA.
  Paratype(s) WAM Z4782 2 specimens, Perth, WA; WAM Z7931 13 specimens, Rottnest Is, WA; NMV F59222 2 specimens, Trigg Is, WA; WAM Z4932 1 specimen, Quaranup, WA.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Duke of Orleans Bay to Perth, WA, 0-2 m

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31)

Ecological Descriptors

Infralittoral fringe.

History of changes

• Psolidiella nigra Mortensen, T. 1925. Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands. III–V. Asteroidea, Holothurioidea and Crinoidea. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 79: 261-420, figs 1-70, pls 12-14.

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMUC, Stewart Island, New Zealand.
• Psolidiella adhaerens Hickman, V.V. 1962. Tasmanian sea-cucumbers (Holothuroidea). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 96: 49-72 figs 1-186 pls 1-2 [50, figs 1-16, pl. 1(1)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) TMH H2135 1 specimen, Pirates Bay, Eaglehawk Neck, TAS; AM J7229–7231 microslides, Pirates Bay, Eaglehawk Neck, TAS; TMH H546 5 specimens, Pirates Bay, Eaglehawk Neck, TAS; TMH H2008 64 specimens, Pirates Bay, Eaglehawk Neck, TAS; TMH H2009-2011 microslides, Pirates Bay, Eaglehawk Neck, TAS.
• Cucumaria bollonsi Mortensen, T. 1925. Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands. III–V. Asteroidea, Holothurioidea and Crinoidea. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 79: 261-420, figs 1-70, pls 12-14.

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMUC 1 specimen, Cape Maria van Diemen, New Zealand.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• O'Loughlin, P.M. 2000. A review of the cucumariid genus Psolidiella Mortensen (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 58(1): 25-37, figs 1-4 [Date published 30/6/2000] [28-29, fig. 1a-d, f-k, 2a-l]

Distribution

States

Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

SE coast of Australia, from Adventure Bay Tas to Mallacoota Vic; New Zealand

IMCRA

Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Infralittoral fringe.

History of changes

• Squamocnus O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [236].

  Type species:

   Squamocnus aureoruber O'Loughlin & O'Hara, 1993 by original designation.

Distribution

States

South Australia

IMCRA

Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Great Australian Bight, S Gulfs coast

History of changes

• Squamocnus aureoruber O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [237].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F54244, Cape Paterson, VIC.
  Paratype(s) NMV F54243 69 specimens, Cape Paterson, VIC; NMV F58622 1 specimen, Cape Paterson, VIC; NMV F54242 11 specimens, Apollo Bay, VIC.

Distribution

States

South Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Inverloch, Vic to Streaky Bay, SA and N Tas. Depth range 0-8 m.

IMCRA

Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Great Australian Bight, S Gulfs coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental shelf, detritivore, suspension feeder.

Extra Ecological Information

Mainly epiphytic on algae.

General References

O'Loughlin, P.M. 1991. Brooding and fission in shallow-water echinoderms of southern Australia. pp. 223-228 figs 1-5 in Yanagisawa, T., Yasumasu, I., Oguro, C., Suzuki, N. & Motokawa, T. (eds). Biology of Echinodermata. Rotterdam : A.A. Balkema. [223, fig. 1] (as Trachythyone sp.)

Rowe, F.W.E. & Vail, L.L. 1982. The distributions of Tasmanian echinoderms in relation to southern Australian biogeographic provinces. pp. 219-225 fig. 1 in Lawrence, J.M. (ed.). Echinoderms: Proceedings of the International Conference, Tampa Bay. Rotterdam : A.A. Balkema. [222] (part, as Trachythyone sp.)

History of changes

• Staurothyone Clark, H.L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 55: 1-596, figs 1-64, pls 1-28 [474].

  Type species:

   Staurothyone distincta H.L. Clark, 1938 by original designation.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Great Australian Bight, N coast, NW coast, S Gulfs coast, Tas. Coast

Oriental Region

History of changes

• Staurothyone distincta Clark, H.L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 55: 1-596, figs 1-64, pls 1-28 [475, fig. 44].

  Type data:

   Holotype MCZ 1628, near Broome, WA.
  Paratype(s) MCZ 1629.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Barrow Is., WA to Port Essington, NT. Depth range 9-15 m.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: N coast, NW coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567

History of changes

• Cucumaria inconspicua Bell, F.J. 1887. Studies in the Holothurioidea. — VI. Descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887: 531-534, pl. 45 [532, pl. 45(3)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH 1885.11.19.91–95, Port Phillip Heads, VIC.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Point Hicks, Vic to Ceduna., SA (TOH), and to SE Tas. Depth range littoral to 15 m.

IMCRA

Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Great Australian Bight, S Gulfs coast, Tas. Coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, temperate.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567

O'Loughlin, P.M. 1991. Brooding and fission in shallow-water echinoderms of southern Australia. pp. 223-228 figs 1-5 in Yanagisawa, T., Yasumasu, I., Oguro, C., Suzuki, N. & Motokawa, T. (eds). Biology of Echinodermata. Rotterdam : A.A. Balkema.

Rowe, F.W.E. 1982. Sea-cucumbers (Class Holothurioidea). 454-476-11 figs pls 29(6), 30(3-4), 31(1) in Shepherd, S.A. & Thomas, I.M. (eds). Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Adelaide : Government Printer Part 1 491 pp.

History of changes

• Thyone rosacea Semper, C. 1869. Die Holothurien Ostafrikas. 117-122 1 pl. in von der Decken, C.C. von der (ed.). Reisen in Ost Afrika. Leipzig : unknown Vol. 3 Part 1. [page unknown].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMH 2760a,b, 2901, Aden, Indian Ocean.
• Thyone rosacea Semper, C. 1868. Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen 1: 1-288, pls 1-40 [242] [nom. nud.].
• Thyone sargassi Lampert, K. 1889. Die während der Expedition S.M.S. Gazelle 1874–1876 von Prof. Dr. Th. Studer gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4(4): 806-858 pl. 24 [840, fig. 10] [as Thyone (?) sargassi].

  Type data:

   Holotype SMNH (depository uncertain), off WA, 16º32´05˜S 116º16´04˜E.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Clark, A.M. & Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 238 pp. 100 figs 31 pls. [182-183]

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Included on the basis of record of Thyone sargassi Lampert, 1889 from off NW Australia, depth not recorded; Indian Ocean.

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: NW coast

Oriental Region

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, A.M. & Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 238 pp. 100 figs 31 pls.

Lampert, K. 1889. Die während der Expedition S.M.S. Gazelle 1874–1876 von Prof. Dr. Th. Studer gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4(4): 806-858 pl. 24 (record of Thyone sargassi Lampert, 1889 from off northwest Australia)

History of changes

• Trachythyone Studer, T. 1876. Über Echinodermen aus dem antarktischen Meere und zwei neue Seeigel von den Papua-Inseln, gesammelt auf der Reise S.M.S. Gazelle um die Erde. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876: 452-465 [453].

  Type species:

   Trachythone muricata Studer, 1876 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory, Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

History of changes

• Trachythyone candida O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [240].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F59200, Flinders, VIC.
  Paratype(s) NMV F59201 1 specimen, Flinders, VIC; MCZ 1151 slide, whole body mount; NMV F54229 1 specimen, Phillip Is, VIC.

Distribution

States

Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Mallacoota to western side of Cape Otway, Vic, to Southport Tas. Depth range 0-7 m

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, detritivore, suspension feeder, temperate.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (as Psolodium sp.)

Joshua, E.C. 1914. Victorian Holothuroidea, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 27(1): 1-11, pl. 1 (misidentified as Psolidium convergens Herouard, 1901)

Rowe, F.W.E. 1982. Sea-cucumbers (Class Holothurioidea). 454-476-11 figs pls 29(6), 30(3-4), 31(1) in Shepherd, S.A. & Thomas, I.M. (eds). Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Adelaide : Government Printer Part 1 491 pp. (as Trachythyone sp.)

Rowe, F.W.E. & Vail, L.L. 1982. The distributions of Tasmanian echinoderms in relation to southern Australian biogeographic provinces. pp. 219-225 fig. 1 in Lawrence, J.M. (ed.). Echinoderms: Proceedings of the International Conference, Tampa Bay. Rotterdam : A.A. Balkema. (as Trachythyone sp. (part))

History of changes

• Trachythyone cynthiae O'Loughlin, P.M. 2009. BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa 2196: 1-18 [10].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F165718, Eastern Antarctica, Prydz Bay, 333–341 m [67°41'S, 77°16'E].
  Paratype(s) NMV F68087 3 specimens, Eastern Antarctica, Prydz Bay, 333–341 m; NMV F165717 5 specimens, Prydz Bay, 307–319 m; NMV F161551 2 specimens, Prydz Bay, 188–208 m.

Distribution

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

History of changes

• Trachythyone glebosa O'Loughlin, P.M. & O'Hara, T.D. 1993. New cucumariid holothurians (Echinodermata) from southern Australia, including two brooding and one fissiparous species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 53(2): 227-266, figs 1-8 pls 1-10 [Date published 1993: imprint date of 31 December 1992; available 1993] [242].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAM K1812, Vivonne Bay, Kangaroo Is., SA.
  Paratype(s) NMV F59226 1 specimen, Michaelmas Is, WA.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Kangaroo Is., SA to Michaelmas Is., WA. Depth range 3-15 m

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, suspension feeder, temperate.

History of changes

• Thyone lechleri Lampert, K. 1885. Die Seewalzen-Holothurioidea. In Semper, C. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen 2 4(3): 1-312 1 pl.

Generic Combinations

• Trachythyone lechleri (Lampert, 1885).

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Straits of Magellan (type), Kerguelen, Macquarie Island (O'Loughlin 2009)

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24)

Other Regions

Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

History of changes

• Trachythyone mackenzieae O'Loughlin, P.M. 2009. BANZARE holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Zootaxa 2196: 1-18 [12].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F68073, Eastern Antarctica, Prydz Bay [67°25'S, 70°20'E, 161–165 m].
  Paratype(s) NMV F68668, Eastern Antarctica, Prydz Bay, 105–114 m [67°31'S, 69°02'E]; SAMA K2451, Off Kaiser Wilhelm Land [65°48'S, 89°49'E, 393 m].

Distribution

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

History of changes

• Trachythyone macphersonae Pawson, D.L., 1962. A New Sea Cucumber from Macquarie Island. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Zoology 2(7): 47-48, pl. 1 [47-48, pl. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV H45001, Macquarie Island, Garden Cove, 26 Dec 1959.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Macquarie island, 0.5-13.5 m

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24)

History of changes

• Trachythyone muricata Studer, T. 1876. Über Echinodermen aus dem antarktischen Meere und zwei neue Seeigel von den Papua-Inseln, gesammelt auf der Reise S.M.S. Gazelle um die Erde. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876: 452-465.

Distribution

Other Regions

Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

History of changes

• Trachythyone nelladana O'Hara, T.D. 1998. Systematics and biology of Macquarie Island echinoderms. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 57(2): 167-223, 4 figs, 5 pls [Date published 1/5/1999] [212-213, Plate 4h-I, 5e-k, Figure 5a].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F83072, Macquarie Island, off Nuggets Point, 108–135 m, 8 Dec 1986 [54°33.4´S, 158°56.9´E].
  Paratype(s) NMV F77770 10 specimens, Macquarie Island, off Nuggets Point, 108–135 m, 8 Dec 1986 [33°4´S, 158°56.9´E].

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Macquarie Island (108–135 m)

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24)

History of changes

Introduction

The family Phyllophoridae is widespread throughout the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, with about 24 genera known, eight of which occur in Australia. Twenty-four species are recorded in Australian waters.

The family is distinguished from other families in the order Dendrochirotida by the following set of character states: tentacles 10–25, calcareous ring with compound bifurcate prolongations on the radial plates or ring complex, polyplated and tubular, the radial and interradial plates composed of a mosaic of pieces; ossicles in the body wall usually include tables with four pillars, occasionally nodular buttons or fenestrated ellipsoids.

O’Loughlin et al. (2012) reviewed the group for southern Australia.

General References

Heding, S.G. & Panning, A. 1954. Phyllophoridae. Eine Bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten Holothurien des Zoologischen Museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 13: 1-209 figs 1-102

O'Loughlin, P.M., Barmos, S. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2012. The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69: 269–308

Panning, A. 1949. Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae. Zoologische Jahrbücher 78: 404-470 figs 1-62

Pawson, D.L. & Fell, H.B. 1965. A revised classification of the dendrochirote holothurians. Breviora. Museum of Comparative Zoology 214: 1-7

History of changes

• Hemithyone Pawson, D.L. 1963. The holothurian fauna of Cook Strait, New Zealand. Zoological Publications of the Victoria University, Wellington 36: 1-38 pls 1-7 [28].

  Type species:

   Cucumaria semperi Bell, 1884 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: N coast, NE coast, NW coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

History of changes

• Cucumaria semperi Bell, F.J. 1884. Echinodermata. 117-177, 509-512, pls 8-17, 45 in Coppinger, R.W. (ed.). Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert 1881-2. London : Bristish Museum. [147, pl. 9(A)].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1882.2.22.116, Port Denison and Torres Straits, QLD.
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1882.2.22.116 3 specimens (part); BMNH 1881.10.26.43–45 2 specimens.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Pawson, D.L. 1967. Redescription of Cucumaria semperi Bell, an Indo-West-Pacific holothurian echinoderm. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 80: 157-162 figs 1-10 [160].
• Cucumaria pigra Koehler, R. & Vaney, C. 1908. Littoral Holothurioidea. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum. Calcutta : Indian Museum 54 pp. 3 pls. [38, pl. 3(13-16)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) IM 2 specimens, Calcutta, Karachi, India.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Pawson, D.L. 1967. Redescription of Cucumaria semperi Bell, an Indo-West-Pacific holothurian echinoderm. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 80: 157-162 figs 1-10 [159]

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Dampier Archipelago, WA to Port Denison, Qld; Indo-west Pacific Ocean. Depth range 0-13 m.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: N coast, NE coast, NW coast

Oriental Region

• West Pacific Ocean

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, tropical.

General References

Clark, A.M. & Rowe, F.W.E. 1971. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) 238 pp. 100 figs 31 pls.

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567 (as Cucumaria semperi Bell, 1884)

History of changes

• Lipotrapeza Clark, H.L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 55: 1-596, figs 1-64, pls 1-28 [494].

  Type species:

   Phyllophorus vestiens Joshua, 1914 by original designation.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Central W coast, Great Australian Bight, Lower W coast, S Gulfs coast, SW coast, Tas. Coast

General References

O'Loughlin, P.M., Barmos, S. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2012. The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69: 269–308 [272] (revised diagnosis)

History of changes

• Lipotrapeza eichleri O'Loughlin, P.M. in O'Loughlin, P.M., Barmos, S. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2012. The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69: 269–308 [272].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F174906, Victoria, Phillip Is., Kitty Miller Bay.
  Paratype(s) NMV F161502 4 specimens, as for holotype; NMV F157403 1 specimen, Vic, Westernport Bay, Phillip I., McHaffie Reef.

Distribution

States

Victoria

IMCRA

Bass Strait Shelf Province (35)

History of changes

• Lipotrapeza litusi O'Loughlin, P.M. in O'Loughlin, P.M., Barmos, S. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2012. The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69: 269–308 [275].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM Z134757, Western Australia, Cottesloe Beach [32°00'S 115°45'E].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Transition (30)

History of changes

Distribution

States

South Australia

Extra Distribution Information

(Western Port, Vic) to Kangaroo Is., SA, depth not recorded.

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, S Gulfs coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, suspension feeder, temperate.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567

Rowe, F.W.E. 1982. Sea-cucumbers (Class Holothurioidea). 454-476-11 figs pls 29(6), 30(3-4), 31(1) in Shepherd, S.A. & Thomas, I.M. (eds). Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Adelaide : Government Printer Part 1 491 pp.

History of changes

• Phyllophorus vestiens Joshua, E.C. 1914. Victorian Holothuroidea, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 27(1): 1-11, pl. 1 [5, pl. 1(2)].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F45144, Torquay, VIC.
  Paratype(s) NMV F45145 1 specimen, Torquay, VIC.

Generic Combinations

• Lipotrapeza vestiens (Joshua, 1914). —
  Clark, H.L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 55: 1-596, figs 1-64, pls 1-28 [496]

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Cape Liptrap Vic, to Jacobs Boat Harbour, Tas to Cottesloe, WA. Depth range 0-10 m.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Central W coast, Great Australian Bight, Lower W coast, S Gulfs coast, SW coast, Tas. Coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, inshore, suspension feeder, temperate.

General References

Clark, H.L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566: 1-567

O'Loughlin, P.M., Barmos, S. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2012. The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69: 269–308 [275] (new records)