Genus Coccus Linnaeus, 1758

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Genus Coccus Linnaeus, 1758

Coccus Linnaeus, C. 1758. II. Hemiptera. pp. 434-457 in Linnaeus, C. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10, 824 pp. [455].
Type species:
Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758 by designation under Plenary Powers, see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1985. Opinion 1303. Coccus Linnaeus, 1758 and Parthenolecanium Sulc, 1908 (Insecta, Hemiptera, Homoptera): type species designated. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 42: 139-141 (Name Number 2244).
Calymmata Costa, O.G. 1828. Prospetto di una nuova divisione metodica del genere Coccus, Lin. Lam. Ec. Napoli : Dalla Tipografia Trani. 8 pp. [6].
Type species:
Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758 by original designation.
Calypticus Costa, O.G. 1829. Fauna del Regno di Napoli, famiglia de coccinigliferi, o de' gallinsetti. Napoli : Emitteri 23 pp. [8].
Type species:
Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation, see Costa, O.G. 1835. Nuove osservazioni intorno alle cocciniglie ed ai loro pretesi maschi. Napoli (Naples) : F. Fernandes 24 pp. (Type Species as a misidentification of Saissetia oleae (Olivier); subsequently also designated by (178)).
Lecanium Burmeister, H. 1835. Scharlachlause. Schildläuse. Coccina. (Gallinsecta 1). pp. 61-83 in Burmeister, H. (ed.). Handbuch der Entomologie. Berlin : T.F. Inslin Vol. 2(1). [69] [unavailable name, see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1985. Opinion 1303. Coccus Linnaeus, 1758 and Parthenolecanium Sulc, 1908 (Insecta, Hemiptera, Homoptera): type species designated. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 42: 139–141 (139)].
Secondary source:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1985. Opinion 1303. Coccus Linnaeus, 1758 and Parthenolecanium Sulc, 1908 (Insecta, Hemiptera, Homoptera): type species designated. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 42: 139-141.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

Fernald, M.E. 1903. A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College 88: 1-360 (synonymy of Calypticus Costa, 1829)

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA and IMCRA regions (map not available)

IBRA

Qld: Cape York Peninsula (CYP)

ID Keys

(Hodgson, C.J. & Henderson, R.C., 2000) [195] (female; New Zealand); (Granara de Willink, M.C., 1999) [25] (female; Argentina); (Kosztarab, M., 1996) [337] (female; northeastern North America); (Kosztarab, M., 1996) [337] (female; northeastern North America); (Avasthi, R.K. & Shafee, S.A., 1991) [329-330] (female; India); (Tang, F.T., 1991) [75-78] (female; China); (Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W., 1990) [82] (female; Tropical South Pacific); (Gill, R.J., 1988) [26] (female; USA, California); (Hamon, A.B. & Williams, M.L., 1984) [38] (female; USA, Florida); (Tao, C.C.C., Wong, C.Y. & Chang, Y.C., 1983) [63] (female; Taiwan); (Kawai, S., 1980) [141-142] (female; Japan); (Wang, T.C., 1980) [26-27] (female; China); (Gill, R.J., Nakahara, S. & Williams, M.L., 1977) [10-12] (female; North America); (Hodgson, C.J., 1969) [5] (female; Zimbabwe); (Hodgson, C.J., 1967) [2] (female; Zimbabwe); (Beardsley, J.W., 1966) [480, 482-483] (female; Micronesia); (De Lotto, G., 1966) [41-43] (female; South Africa); (De Lotto, G., 1965) [190-191] (female; Afrotropical); (De Lotto, G., 1960) [389] (female; Afrotropical); (De Lotto, G., 1959) [153-154] (female; Afrotropical); (Gómez-Menor Ortega, J., 1958) [63] (female; Spain); (Borchsenius, N.S., 1957) [294] (female; Palaearctic Region); (Borchsenius, N.S., 1957) [291] (female; Palaearctic Region); (De Lotto, G., 1957) [295-296] (female; Afrotropical); (Borchsenius, N.S., 1950) [144-146] (female; USSR); (Zimmerman, E.C., 1948) [293-294] (female; Hawaii); (Morrison, H., 1921) [(female; Singapore); (Cockerell, T.D.A., 1905) [199] (female; USA, Colorado)

GENERAL

Definition and characters by Leonardi, G. 1920. Monografia delle cocciniglie Italiane. Portici : Della Torre 555 pp.; Steinweden, J.B. 1929. Bases for the generic classification of the coccoid family Coccidae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 22: 197–245; Zimmerman, E.C. 1948. Homoptera: Sternorrhyncha. pp. 268 in Zimmerman, E.C. (ed). Insects of Hawaii. Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press Vol. 5 464 pp.; Borchsenius, N.S. 1957. Subtribe mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Soft scale insects Coccidae. Vol. IX. Fauna SSSR. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR ns 66: 1–493; De Lotto, G. 1959. Further notes on Ethiopian species of the genus Coccus (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 22: 150–173; De Lotto, G. 1965. On some Coccidae (Homoptera), chiefly from Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 16: 175–239; Hodgson, C.J. 1967. Notes on Rhodesian Coccidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea): Part 1: The genera Coccus, Parasaissetia, Saissetia and a new genus Mashona. Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 3: 1–22; Hodgson, C.J. 1994. The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. Wallingford, Oxon, UK : CAB International Institute of Entomology 639 pp.; Williams, M.L. & Kosztarab, M. 1972. Morphology and systematics of the Coccidae of Virginia with notes on their biology (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Research Division Bulletin Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 74: 1–215; Gill, R.J., Nakahara, S. & Williams, M.L. 1977. A review of the genus Coccus Linnaeus in America north of Panama (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Occasional Papers in Entomology, State of California, Department of Food and Agriculture 24: 44; Tao, C.C.C., Wong, C.Y. & Chang, Y.C. 1983. Monograph of Coccidae of Taiwan, Republic of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Journal of Taiwan Museum 36: 57–107; Hamon, A.B. & Williams, M.L. 1984. The soft scale insects of Florida (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). In, Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas. Gainesville : Fla. Dept. of Agric. & Consumer Serv. Div. Plant Ind. 194 pp.; Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W. 1990. The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Pt. 3: The soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. London : CAB International Institute of Entomology 267 pp.; Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale insects of Northeastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Martinsburg, Virginia : Virginia Museum of Natural History 650 pp.; and by Granara de Willink, M.C. 1999. [Soft scale insects of Argentina (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae)] Las cochinillas blandas de la República Argentina (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Contributions on Entomology, International 3(1): 1–183.

SYSTEMATICS

Subfamily: Coccinae. Tribe: Coccini. The generic name Lecanium Burmeister, 1835, was one of the most widely used names in the Coccidae, as well as in other families of scale insects, despite its obscure status. The status of this genus has been discussed by various authors, for example Morrison, H. & Morrison, E.R. 1966. An annotated list of generic names of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Miscellaneous Publication United States Department of Agriculture 1015: 1–206. The final rejection of this genus from the Coccoidea has been established by Opinion 1303 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1985), which placed Lecanium on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic names in Zoology. After Fernald, M.E. 1903. A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College 88: 1–360 designated Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus as Type species of Calypticus Costa, the latter was generally accepted as an objective synonym of Coccus. However, De Lotto, G. 1971. On the status of two genera of soft scales (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria 'Filippo Silvestri', Portici 28[1970]: 257–261 showed that the nominal Type species of Calypticus was a misidentification by Costa, O.G. 1829. Fauna del Regno di Napoli, famiglia de coccinigliferi, o de' gallinsetti. Napoli : Emitteri 23 pp. of Saissetia oleae (Olivier). S. oleae (Olivier) is also the Type species of Bernardia Ashmead. Therefore, the case should be referred to ICZN. Calymmatus Costa, 1835, is a misspelling of Calypticus (see Morrison, H. & Morrison, E.R. 1966. An annotated list of generic names of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Miscellaneous Publication United States Department of Agriculture 1015: 1–206).