Diagnosis

Calcinea with the skeleton composed exclusively of free spicules, without hypercalcified non-spicular reinforcements, spicule tracts, calcareous scales or plates.

ID Keys

KEY TO GENERA
(1) Sponge body composed of individual, anastomosed or ramified tubes, choanocytes line all internal cavities of the sponge-----------------------------------------------------------------------------2
Choanocytes do not line all internal cavities of the sponge----------------------------------------9

(2) No differentiated diverticuli on external part of the tubes; when a large cormus is formed there is no common cortex covering the whole body-------------------------------------------------4
Differentiated diverticuli on the external part of the tubes with a particular skeleton---------3
(3) Central tube ornamented with short, external, regularly distributed, radial diverticuli-----------Sycettaga
Central tube ornamented with external groups of ovoid diverticuli, which communicate with the central tube through a shallow cavity---------------------------------------------------Levinella

(4) Choanoderm flat, or exceptionally elevated in the form of cones around apical rays of tetractines, but never forming true folds----------------------------------------------------------------5
Choanoderm forming folds inside the choanocoel, delimiting shallow or deep radial spaces or tubes, supported by apical rays or tetractines from the external skeletal layer--------------------Ascandra

(5) Sponge body in form of solitary, sometimes distally ramified tubes, or composed of anastomosed tubes forming a large cormus-----------------------------------------------6
Sponge in the form of a large central tube bearing long radially arranged tubes, amply ramified in their distal part, but only occasionally anastomosed in their proximal part------------------Dendya

(6) Sponge in the form of solitary tubes, sometimes terminally ramified, or groups of erect tubes, growing from creeping stolon-like tubes-----------------------------------------Soleneiscus
Sponge in the form of anastomosed tubes--------------------------------------------------------------7

(7) Sponge cormus with distinct peduncle, solid or formed of normally organized, partially or fully coalescent tubes. Skeleton composed of parasagittal spicules, or of regular spicules to which parasagittal spicules are added, at least in the peduncle-----------------------Guancha
Sponge cormus without a distinct peduncle-----------------------------------------------------8

(8) Sponge body formed of anastomosed tubes, without a common cortex surrounding the whole cormus---------------------------------------------------------------------------Clathrina
Sponge body composed of amply anastomosed tubes covered by a distinct cortex surrounding the whole body. No exhalant aquiferous system; a pseudoatrium may be exceptionally formed through the calyciform growth of the sponge---------------------------------------------Ascaltis

(9) Sponge composed of central, occasionally ramified tubes, ornamented with distinct external diverticuli having their own skeleton, different from that of the central tube-----------------------------------------Burtonulla
Sponge with a compact body without external diverticuli-----------------------------------------10

(10) Sponge body composed of a network of anastomosed and ramified tubes with a proper skeleton and covered by a thin cortex. Central atrial cavity surrounded by a thin wall, with a proper skeleton------------------------------------------------------Leucascus
Sponge body solid; when the choanocyte chambers are elongated they do not have a proper skeleton, but are embedded in the choanosomal skeleton------------------------------------------11

(11) Sponge with a clear distinction between a solid cortex and the choanosome. Choanoskeleton and/or atrial skeleton absent, or when present, composed of diffuse triactines and/or tetractines much smaller than spicules of the cortical skeleton----------------------------12
Sponge without a clear distinction between the solid cortex and the choanosome supported by a reduced choanoskeleton-----------------------------------------------14

(12) Sponge composed of an external wall sustained by large radiate spicules; aquiferous system leuconoid, choanosome devoid of a skeleton-----------------------------------Leuclathrina
Sponge with elongate and/or spherical choanocyte chambers; in addition to the strong cortical skeleton, smaller spicules present in atrial and/or choanosomal skeleton-------------------------13

(13) Sponge body composed of large anastomosed tubes; the wall of each tube consists of a distinct cortex, a choanosome containing elongated choanocyte chambers and a large central atrium----------------------------------------------------------------------Leucaltis
Sponge body solid, occasionally ramified but not in the form of anastomosed tubes; aquiferous system containing elongated and/or spherical chambers. Large central atrium always present--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Leucettusa

(14) Sponge body solid; atrium often reduced to exhalant channels opening directly into osculum. Leuconoid organisation with choanosome supported by a regular network of triactines to which tetractines may be added; no distinct subcortical layer of inhalant chamber------------Leucetta
Sponge body solid with large atrium. Leuconoid organisation with subcortical system of inhalant cavities supported by a skeleton in part composed of centripetal rays of cortical triactines-----------------Pericharax

Diagnosis References

Borojevic, R., Boury-Esnault, N., Manuel, M. & Vacelet, J. 2002. Order Clathrinida Hartman, 1958. pp. 1141-1152 in Hooper, J.N.A. & Soest, R.W.M. Van (eds). Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 2. [1141]

History of changes

• Clathrinidae Minchin, 1900.

  Type genus:

   Clathrina Gray, 1867.
• Soleniscida Haeckel, 1870 [nomen oblitum].

Introduction

1994 INTRODUCTION
Clathrinidae Minchin, 1900 are asconoid sponges. Their growth form is typically reticulate, with a system of oscular tubes which are generally short and anastomosing, and each system terminating in an osculum. Trends in growth forms in the family range from those with wide central oscular tubes into which narrow asconoid tubes empty, to species with an outer covering, termed a pseudoderm, formed of outgrowths of the peripheral asconoid tubes of the sponge. In the latter, a false spongocoel, opening by way of a pseudosculum, may develop through enlargement of the canal system toward the centre of the sponge. Triradiate spicules (Hooper & Wiedenmayer 1994: fig. 147) are always present, equiangular, and with the crystalline optic axis vertical to the facial plane of the rays. The presence of these spicules helps to distinguish the group from asconoid members of the subclass Calcaronea. Monaxon spicules (Hooper & Wiedenmayer 1994: figs 164–174) are present or absent. Collar-cells have the flagellum arising quite independent of the nucleus, which is spherical in form and situated at the base of the cell. Choanocytes are not confined to isolated chambers, but line the central cavity (spongocoele) of the tubes that make up the complicated sponge form. Larvae are coeloblastulae (Hartman 1982).

Borojevic et al. (1990) provide a diagnosis for the family (based on three genera, excluding Ascandra and Dendya—included by Hartman (1982)) which includes sponges with essentially tubular organisation, with a continuous choanoderm lining all the internal cavities; growth by longitudinal median divisions and anastomosis of tubes to form large units called the cormus; no common cortex; and no well defined inhalant and exhalant aquiferous system.

Two genera are included in the family, both with representatives recorded in the Australian fauna. Clathrinids are widely distributed and range from intertidal habitats to depths of at least 860 m (Hartman 1982).

Reviews of the family are available in Bidder (1898: Clathrina and Guancha included); Minchin (1900: Clathrina, Ascandra and Dendya included); Minchin (1909); Dendy & Row (1913); Hartman (1958: Clathrina, Ascute and Dendya included); Borojevic (1968: retained sensu Minchin, 1909, with Clathrina sensu novo, Dendya and Ascandra sensu novo); Hartman (1982); Borojevic & Peixinho (1976); and Borojevic et al. (1990: restricted to two genera only).

2004 - INTRODUCTION

Diagnosis

Clathrinida with an essentially tubular organisation. The skeleton is formed by tangential triactines, to which tripods, tetractines and diactines may be added. A continuous choanoderm lines all the internal cavities. The water crosses the wall through pores, delimited by porocytes. The young sponges have an olynthus form that grows through longitudinal median division, budding and anastomosis of individual tubes, forming large units called the 'cormus'. There is neither a common cortex nor a well-defined inhalant or exhalant aquiferous system.

ID Keys

See Order Clathrinida Diagnosis

Diagnosis References

Borojevic, R., Boury-Esnault, N., Manuel, M. & Vacelet, J. 2002. Order Clathrinida Hartman, 1958. pp. 1141-1152 in Hooper, J.N.A. & Soest, R.W.M. Van (eds). Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 2. [1142]

General References

Bidder, G.P. 1898. The skeleton and classification of calcareous sponges. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 64: 61-76 10 figs

Borojevic, R. 1968. Eponges calcaires des côtes de France. IV. Le genre Ascaltis Haeckel emend. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 109: 193-210

Borojevic, R., Boury-Esnault, N. & Vacelet, J. 1990. A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcinea (Porifera, Class Calcarea). Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris [published 1895-1906] 4 12(A,2): 243-276

Borojevic, R. & Peixinho, S. 1976. Eponges calcaires du nord-nord-est de Brésil. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris [published 1907-1971] Zool. 279: 987-1036

Dendy, A. & Row, R.W.H. 1913. The classification and phylogeny of the calcareous sponges, with a reference list of all the described species, systematically arranged. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1913: 704-813

Hartman, W.D. 1958. A re-examination of Bidder's classification of the Calcarea. Systematic Zoology 7: 97-110

Hartman, W.D. 1982. Porifera. pp. 640-666 in Parker, S.P. (ed.). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. New York : McGraw-Hill Vol. 1.

Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1–620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994]

Minchin, E.A. 1900. Porifera. pp. 1-178 in Lankester, E.R. (ed.). A Treatise on Zoology. The Porifera and Coelenterata. London : Adam and Charles Black Part 2.

Minchin, E.A. 1909. The relation of the flagellum to the nucleus in the collar-cells of calcareous sponges. Zoologischer Anzeiger 35: 227-231

History of changes

• Arthuria Klautau, Azevedo, Cóndor-Luján, Rapp, Collins & Russo 2013. A molecular phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida rekindles and refines Haeckel's taxonomic proposal for calcareous sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology 53(3): 447-461 [458].
  Zoobank Registration Number:195F852A-CB9B-4EFC-9660-AAB423FA4F4F

  Type species:

   Clathrina hirsuta Klautau & Valentine, 2003 (accepted as Arthuria hirsuta (Klautau & Valentine, 2003)) by original designation.

Distribution

States

Queensland

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

History of changes

• Clathrina adusta Wöerheide, G. & Hooper, J.N.A. 1999. Calcarea from the Great Barrier Reef 1: Cryptic Calcinea from Heron Island and Wistari Reef (Capricorn-Bunker Group). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43(2): 859-892 [865].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM G 313665 (under overhangs of small coral patches), Wistari Reef, South Great Barrier Reef [23°29.4'S 151°52.8'E].

Generic Combinations

• Arthuria adusta (Wörheide & Hooper, 1999). —
  Voigt, O. & Wörheide, G. 2016. A short LSU rRNA fragment as a standard marker for integrative taxonomy in calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea). Organisms, Diversity and Evolution 16(1): 53–64 [Date published November 25, 2015]

Distribution

States

Queensland

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, coral reef, filter-feeder.

History of changes

• Clathrina Gray, J.E. 1867. Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the description of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 492-558 pls 27-28 [557].

  Type species:

   Grantia clathrus Schmidt, 1864 (accepted as Clathrina clathrus (Schmidt, 1864)) by monotypy.
• Prosycum Haeckel, E. 1870. Prodromus eines Systems der Kalkschwämme. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Medizin und Naturwissenschaft 5: 236-254 [also appeared in English as: Haeckel, E. 1870. Prodromus of a system of the Calcareous sponges. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)5:176–191] [236] [junior homonym].

  Type species (included species):

   Prosycum Simplicissimum Haeckel, 1870; Prosycum primordiale Haeckel, 1870
• Ascetta Haeckel, E. 1872. Die Kalkschwämme. Eine Monographie in zwei Bänden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. Berlin : Georg Reimer Vol. 1 pp. 1-396; Vol. 2 pp. 1-418; Vol. 3, pls 1-30. [part translated in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)11: 241–262, 421–430] [14].

  Type species:

   Ascetta primordialis Haeckel, 1872 by subsequent designation, see Dendy, A. & Row, R.W.H. 1913. The classification and phylogeny of the calcareous sponges, with a reference list of all the described species, systematically arranged. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1913: 704-813 [788].
• Leucopsis Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 3. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 9: 1083-1150 pls 59-67 [1089].

  Type species:

   Leucopsis pedunculata Lendenfeld, 1885 by monotypy.
• Guancha Miklucho-Maclay, N.N. 1868. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Spongien. I. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft 4: 221-240 pls 4, 5 [221].

  Type species:

   Guancha blanca Miklucho-Maclay, 1868 by monotypy.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Row, R.W.H. & Hôzawa, S. 1931. Report on the Calcarea obtained by the Hamburg South-West Australian Expedition of 1905. Science Reports of the Tôhoku University 4 6: 727-809 17 figs pls 19-21 [718]
• Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1-693 figs 1-375. [124, 151]
• Borojevic, R. 1967. Eponges calcaires des côtes de France. II. Le genre Ascandra Haeckel emend. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 107: 357-368 5 figs
• Borojevic, R. 1968. Eponges calcaires des côtes de France. IV. Le genre Ascaltis Haeckel emend. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 109: 193-210
• Borojevic, R. & Peixinho, S. 1976. Eponges calcaires du nord-nord-est de Brésil. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris [published 1907-1971] Zool. 279: 987-1036
• Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [455]
• Borojevic, R., Boury-Esnault, N., Manuel, M. & Vacelet, J. 2002. Order Clathrinida Hartman, 1958. pp. 1141-1152 in Hooper, J.N.A. & Soest, R.W.M. Van (eds). Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 2. [1142]
• Van Soest, R.W.M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K., de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schönberg, C., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Díaz, M.-C., Cárdenas, P., Carballo, J.L., Ríos, P. & Downey, R. 2018. World Porifera database. Guancha Miklucho-Maclay, 1868. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2018-03-27. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=131730

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Cosmopolitan.

IMCRA

Christmas Island Province (23), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Distribution References

Diagnosis

Clathrinidae in which the choanoderm is flat or rarely raised up into conules by the apical actines of the tetractines, but never forms true folds (at least when the sponge is in the normal physiological extended state). The full-grown cormus is composed of anastomosed tubes. The skeleton is composed of regular equiangular and equiradiate triactines and/or tetractines, to which diactines or tripods may be added.

ID Keys

See Order Clathrinida Diagnosis

Diagnosis References

Borojevic, R., Boury-Esnault, N., Manuel, M. & Vacelet, J. 2002. Order Clathrinida Hartman, 1958. pp. 1141-1152 in Hooper, J.N.A. & Soest, R.W.M. Van (eds). Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 2. [1142]

History of changes

• Guancha blanca Miklucho-Maclay, N.N. 1868. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Spongien. I. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft 4: 221-240 pls 4, 5 [221].

  Type data:

   Lectotype (PJM? not found), Canary Ils, North Atlantic [28°51'43"N 16°49'44"W].
  Paralectotype(s) number unknown.
• Leucopsis pedunculata Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 3. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 9: 1083-1150 pls 59-67 [1089].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.6.7.11 slide only, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E].

  Secondary source:

   Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1-693 figs 1-375. [588].
• Leucosolenia stipitata Dendy, A. 1891. A monograph of the Victorian sponges. Part 1. The organisation and classification of the Calcarea Homocoela, with descriptions of the Victorian species. Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria 3: 1-81 pls 1-11 [51].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1925.11.1.1673 slide, inside Port Phillip heads, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E].
  Paralectotype(s) NMV G2453; BMNH 1925.11.1.1674–1675 slides.
• Leucosolenia jenkini Burton, M. 1930. The Porifera of the Siboga Expedition. III. Calcarea. pp. 1–7. in Weber, M.W.C. (ed.) Siboga-Expeditie, Monogr. Vol. 6a. [13] [nom. nov. for Clathrina blanca Jenkin, 1908; considered unneccessary by Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1–693 figs 1–375. (184)].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1908.9.25.8, Zanzibar, Red Sea.

  Secondary source:

   Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1-693 figs 1-375. [578].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1-693 figs 1-375. [183, 209]
• Borojevic, R. & Peixinho, S. 1976. Eponges calcaires du nord-nord-est de Brésil. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris [published 1907-1971] Zool. 279: 987-1036 [997, 998]

Generic Combinations

• Clathrina blanca (Miklucho-Maclay, 1868).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Aust. Antarctic Terr.; Port Jackson, Port Phillip Heads, Geraldton, also off Wilhelm II Coast, Arctic, Antarctic, central and NE Atlantic, Mediterranean, S Africa, Indian Ocean, Indo-Malayan region, Japan and California.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth intertidal–823 m.

General References

Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1-693 figs 1-375. [578] (type data)

History of changes

• Leucetta clathrata Carter, H.J. 1883. Further observations on the so-called 'Farringdon Sponges' (Calcispongiae, Zittel), followed by a description of an existing species of the like kind. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 11: 20–37 pl. 1 [33].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1955.11.2.21, south-west coast (Fremantle, WA?) [32°03'S 115°46'E].

  Secondary source:

   Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1-693 figs 1-375. [580].
• Leucosolenia challengeri Poléjaeff, N. 1884. Report on the Calcarea dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 8: 1-76 pls 1-9 [38].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1884.4.22.11, 14 m, Cape York, QLD (10º30´S 142º18´E) [10°30´S 142°18´E].

  Secondary source:

   Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1-693 figs 1-375. [580].
• Leucosolenia intermedia Kirk, H.B. 1896. New Zealand sponges. Third paper. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 28: 205-210 pls 3-4 [208].

  Type data:

   Lectotype MONZ 2 slides, Lyall Bay, Cook Strait, New Zealand [43°27'50"S 169°46'55"E].

  Secondary source:

   Fell, H.B. 1950. The Kirk Collection of sponges (Porifera) in the Zoology Museum, Victoria University College. Zoological Publications of Victoria University College 4: 1-12 1 pl. [4].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1-693 figs 1-375. [218]
• Borojevic, R. & Grua, P. 1964. Eponges calcaires de Kerguelen. Systématique et écologie. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 105: 1-29 12 figs [7]

Distribution

States

Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Geraldton, Fremantle, Bunbury Bay, Cape York, Port Phillip Heads, also New Zealand, Kerguelen, Japan.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth subtidal–91 m.

History of changes

• Ascandra densa Haeckel, E. 1872. Die Kalkschwämme. Eine Monographie in zwei Bänden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. Berlin : Georg Reimer Vol. 1 pp. 1-396; Vol. 2 pp. 1-418; Vol. 3, pls 1-30. [part translated in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)11: 241–262, 421–430] [85].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) 5 specimens (PJM? not found), South Coast of Australia.

Distribution

States

South Australia

Extra Distribution Information

'South Coast', exact locality unknown.

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Ascetta primordialis dictyoides Haeckel, E. 1872. Die Kalkschwämme. Eine Monographie in zwei Bänden Text und einem Atlas mit 60 Tafeln Abbildungen. Berlin : Georg Reimer Vol. 1 pp. 1-396; Vol. 2 pp. 1-418; Vol. 3, pls 1-30. [part translated in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)11: 241–262, 421–430] [17].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) 2 specimens, at least (PJM? not found), Australia (Gulf St Vincent?, Sydney?), also Cape Town, South Africa [35°00'S 138°05'E, 33°58'44"S 18°28'55"E].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia

Extra Distribution Information

'Australia' (=Sydney, Gulf St Vincent?), also S Atlantic, Cape Town and Strait of Magellan.

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Leucosolenia dubia Dendy, A. 1891. A monograph of the Victorian sponges. Part 1. The organisation and classification of the Calcarea Homocoela, with descriptions of the Victorian species. Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria 3: 1-81 pls 1-11 [50].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1891.9.19.2 2 slides, inside Port Phillip Heads, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E].
  Paralectotype(s) NMV G2345; NMV G2346; NMV G2347; BMNH 1891.9.19.3; BMNH 1925.11.1.1682; BMNH 91.9.19.2a (NMV G2348); BMNH 1925.11.1.1683 slide; BMNH 1925.11.1.1684 slide; BMNH 1925.11.1.1685 slide.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1-693 figs 1-375. [585].

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Bass Strait, VIC.

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Known only from type locality.

History of changes

• Leucosolenia grisea Dendy, A. & Frederick, L.M. 1924. On a collection of sponges from the Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology Zool. 35: 477-519 pls 25-26 [480].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1924.9.1.1, Wooded Isle, Houtman Albrolhos, WA [28°43'S 113°48'E].
  Paratype(s) BMNH 1925.11.1.1.

  Secondary source:

   Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1-693 figs 1-375. [586].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Known only from type locality.

History of changes

• Clathrina helveola Wöerheide, G. & Hooper, J.N.A. 1999. Calcarea from the Great Barrier Reef 1: Cryptic Calcinea from Heron Island and Wistari Reef (Capricorn-Bunker Group). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43(2): 859-892 [866].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM G 313 680 (overhangs, under coral bommies), South side of Heron Island, GBR [23°28.2'S 151°56.7'E].

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, coral reef, filter-feeder.

History of changes

• Clathrina heronensis Wöerheide, G. & Hooper, J.N.A. 1999. Calcarea from the Great Barrier Reef 1: Cryptic Calcinea from Heron Island and Wistari Reef (Capricorn-Bunker Group). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 43(2): 859-892 [863].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM G 313647 (reef walking), Heron Island at Wistari Channel [23°26.9'S 151°54.6'E].

Distribution

States

Queensland

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, coral reef, filter-feeder.

History of changes

• Clathrina laminoclathrata Carter, H.J. 1886. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 17: 431-441, 502-516 [509].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1887.7.12.42, Port Phillip Heads, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E].
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1887.7.12.43.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1-693 figs 1-375. [587].

  Secondary source:

   Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1-693 figs 1-375. [587].

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Known only from type localities.

History of changes

• Ascetta macleayi Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 3. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 9: 1083-1150 pls 59-67 [1086].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.6.7.6 slide only, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E].

  Secondary source:

   Burton, M. 1963. A Revision of the Classification of the Calcareous Sponges. London : British Museum pp. 1-693 figs 1-375. [587].

Generic Combinations

• Clathrina macleayi (Lendenfeld, 1885).

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Known only from type locality.

General References

Borojevic, R. & Peixinho, S. 1976. Eponges calcaires du nord-nord-est de Brésil. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris [published 1907-1971] Zool. 279: 987-1036 [998]

History of changes