Introduction

This small, possibly dustbin, family contains species with only thin smooth strongyles or occasionally thin smooth styles forming irregular plumose tracts, lacks acanthostyles common in many other myxillinids, and arcuate or unguiferate chelae and/or sigmas. It has been proposed that some genera presently included could be reduced members of the family Hymedesmiidae (Van Soest 2002), but for the present sixteen nominal genera, of which only five are considered valid, are assigned here: Batzella, Chondropsis, Phoriospongia, Psammoclema, Strongylacidon.

Diagnosis

Encrusting, massive, flabellate or digitate growth forms. Ectosomal skeleton frequently absent, replaced by arenaceous or spicular detritus, but often with areolate porefields on surface. Ectosomal smooth strongyles or occasionally styles, often rare or secondarily lost. Choanosomal spicules, if present, are auxiliary megascleres of ectosomal origin, strongyles or occasionally styles, whereas principal spicules appear to be absent. Microscleres are arcuate isochelae and sigmas, but these may be often absent.

ID Keys

KEY TO GENERA
(1) Megascleres present --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
No proper megascleres, the skeleton is made up of foreign material ---------------------------------- Psammoclema

(2) Megascleres styles ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Phoriospongia
Megascleres strongyles --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

(3) Chelae and/or other microscleres present ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
No microscleres ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5

(4) Sand grains and foreign debris dominating the fibres -------------------------------------------------- Chondropsis
No sand or foreign debris ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Strongylacidon

(5) Sand grains and foreign debris dominating the fibres -------------------------------------------------- Chondropsis
No sand or foreign debris -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Batzella

Diagnosis References

van Soest, R.W.M. 2002. Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886. pp. 521-527 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [521]

General References

van Soest, R.W.M. 2002. Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886. pp. 521-527 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1.

History of changes

• Batzella Topsent, E. 1893. Nouvelle série de diagnoses d'Eponges de Roscoff et de Banyuls. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 1(1893, Notes Rev): xxxiii-xliii [xxxiv].

  Type species:

   Halichondria inops Topsent, 1891 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Southern Ocean, New Zealand, W to central Pacific Ocean and Indo-Malayan region.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Distribution References

Diagnosis

Thinly encrusting to massive, with simple choanosomal skeleton of columns of strongyles, without a proper ectosomal skeleton. No further spicules. Half a dozen species from different parts of the world.

ID Keys

See Family Chondropsidae Diagnosis.

Diagnosis References

van Soest, R.W.M. 2002. Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886. pp. 521-527 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [522]

General References

Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [69] (synonymy with Collosclerophora Dendy, 1917)

History of changes

• Batzella frutex Pulitzer-Finali, G. 1982. Some new or little-known sponges from the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Instituti Biologici della Università di Genova 48–49(1980–1982): 87-141 [97].

  Type data:

   Holotype MCG 46932 wet, 8–11 m, Wistari Reef (Capricorn Group), Great Barrier Reef.
  Paratype(s) MCG 46933 1 specimen, wet.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 8–11 m.

History of changes

• Batzella inaequalis Hentschel, E. 1911. Tetraxonida. pp. 279-393, 54 figs 2. Teil. in Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (eds). Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Jena : G. Fischer Vol. 3 (10). [325] [not Strongylacidon inaequalis: Burton 1934, 1959; not Cacochalina truncatella var. mollissima Lendenfeld, 1887, although cited as a synonym by Burton, 1927, 1959].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) ZMH 2 specimens from Shark Bay, 2 from Oyster Harbour, WA, 3 m, Shark Bay, 3 km SW of Denham, WA; 0.75–5 m, Oyster Harbour, Albany, WA; ZMB 4415 3 fragments of type(s?), 3 m, Shark Bay, 3 km SW of Denham, WA; 0.75–5 m, Oyster Harbour, Albany, WA; ZMB 4416 1 specimen, 1 fragment of type, 3 m, Shark Bay, 3 km SW of Denham, WA; 0.75–5 m, Oyster Harbour, Albany, WA.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [69]

Distribution

States

Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Port Phillip Heads, Shark Bay, Oyster Harbour, One Tree Point and Albany.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth subtidal–80 m.

History of changes

• Strongylacidon intermedia Burton, M. 1934. Sponges. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 4: 513-621 pls 1-2 [550].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1930.8.13.87 wet, 18 m, 0.6 km N of Eagle Is., Great Barrier Reef.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 18 m.

History of changes

• Burtonispongia Laubenfels, M.W. de 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. (Tortugas Lab. Paper No. 467). Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington 30: 1-225 22 pls 1 map [52].

  Type species:

   Desmacidon australis Dendy, 1896 by original designation.
• Chondropsis Carter, H.J. 1886. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 17: 40-53, 112-127 [45] [as Chrondopsis, lapsus calami].

  Type species:

   Chondropsis arenifera Carter, 1886 by monotypy.
• Sigmatella Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [195].

  Type species:

   Sigmatella macropsamma Lendenfeld, 1888 by subsequent designation, see Laubenfels, M.W. de 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. (Tortugas Lab. Paper No. 467). Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington 30: 1-225 22 pls 1 map [99].
• Collosclerophora Dendy, A. 1917. On the occurrence of gelatinous spicules, and their mode of origin, in a new genus of siliceous sponges. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 89: 315-322 pl. 11 [320].

  Type species:

   Collosclerophora arenacea Dendy, 1917 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• van Soest, R.W.M. 2002. Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886. pp. 521-527 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [522]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Diagnosis

Sand sponges with feebly developed spicular skeletons consisting of strongyles. Very small sigmas may be found in a few species, and one species also has reduced arcuate chelae.

ID Keys

See Family Chondropsidae Diagnosis.

Diagnosis References

van Soest, R.W.M. 2002. Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886. pp. 521-527 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [522]

History of changes

• Collosclerophora arenacea Dendy, A. 1917. On the occurrence of gelatinous spicules, and their mode of origin, in a new genus of siliceous sponges. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 89: 315-322 pl. 11 [321].

  Type data:

   Holotype remounted slide only (not found in BMNH or NMV), Port Phillip Heads, VIC.

  Secondary source:

   Dendy, A. 1917. On the occurrence of gelatinous spicules, and their mode of origin, in a new genus of siliceous sponges. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 89: 315-322 pl. 11 [316]; Ayling, A.L., Stone, S. & Smith, B.J. 1982. Catalogue of types of sponge species from Southern Australia described by Arthur Dendy. Reports of the National Museum of Victoria 1: 97-109 [100].

Generic Combinations

• Chondropsis arenacea (Dendy, 1917).

Distribution

States

Tasmania

IMCRA

Bass Strait Shelf Province (35)

History of changes

• Chondropsis arenifera Carter, H.J. 1886. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 17: 40-53, 112-127 [45].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.12.15.149 wet (NMV photos 37/2,3, =AM G2755 slide), Port Phillip Heads, VIC.
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1886.12.15.150 wet, Port Phillip Heads, VIC; BMNH 1886.12.15.54 wet (NMV photos 38/21,22), Port Phillip Heads, VIC.

  Subsequent designation references:

  van Soest, R.W.M. 2002. Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886. pp. 521-527 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [522].

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36)

General References

Sorokin, S., Fromont, J. & Currie, D. 2007. Demosponge biodiversity in the Benthic Protection Zone of the Great Australian Bight. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 132(2): 192-204 [195]

Sorokin, S.J., Laperousaz, T.C.D. & Collings, G.J. 2008. Investigator Group Expedition 2006: Sponges (Porifera). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 132(2): 163-172 [167]

van Soest, R.W.M. 2002. Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886. pp. 521-527 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [523] ((rejects Wiedenmayer's 1989 synonymy of Chondropis arenifera and Phoriospongia argentea))

Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [71]

History of changes

• Desmacidon australis Dendy, A. 1896. Catalogue of non-calcareous sponges collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, Esq., M.A., in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads. Part 2. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 8: 14-51 [19].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) NMV G2312 dry (=BMNH 1902.10.18.266 slide), 34–38 m, inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; NMV G2313 wet (=BMNH 1902.10.18.267 slide), 34–38 m, inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; NMV G2314 wet (=BMNH 1902.110.18.268 slide), 34–38 m, inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; NMV G2315 wet (=BMNH 1902.10.18.37 slide), 34–38 m, inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; NMV G2317 wet (=BMNH 1902.10.18.270 slide), 34–38 m, inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; NMV G2316 wet (=AM G2675 slide), 34–38 m, inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; BMNH 1902.10.18.269 slide, 34–38 m, inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC.

  Type locality references:

  Wilson, J. Bracebridge 1895. List of dredging stations at and near Port Phillip Heads. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 7: 261-263 [stations 1, 8, XA].

  Secondary source:

   Ayling, A.L., Stone, S. & Smith, B.J. 1982. Catalogue of types of sponge species from Southern Australia described by Arthur Dendy. Reports of the National Museum of Victoria 1: 97-109 [101].

Distribution

States

South Australia, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Also known from the Great Australian Bight

IMCRA

Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 15–35 m.

General References

Sorokin, S.J., Currie, D.R. & Ward, T.M. 2005. Sponges of the Great Australian Bight Marine Park (Benthic Protection Zone). SARDI Research Report Series Adelaide : SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No RD04/0170 Part 65 pp. 1-92. [32]

History of changes

• Chondropsis columnifera Dendy, A. 1895. Catalogue of non-calcareous sponges collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, Esq., M.A., in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads. Part 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 7: 232-260 [254].

  Type data:

   Holotype (not found in NMV, BMNH), 30 m, inside Port Phillip Heads, VIC.

  Type locality references:

  Wilson, J. Bracebridge 1895. List of dredging stations at and near Port Phillip Heads. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 7: 261-263 [station 9].

  Secondary source:

   Ayling, A.L., Stone, S. & Smith, B.J. 1982. Catalogue of types of sponge species from Southern Australia described by Arthur Dendy. Reports of the National Museum of Victoria 1: 97-109 [102, 109].

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 31 m.

History of changes

• Spongia confoederata Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de Monet 1814. Sur les polypiers empâtés. Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 20: 294-312, 370-386, 432-458 [438].

  Type data:

   Lectotype MNHN Paris LBIM DT3364, Australian Seas.
  Paralectotype(s) MNHN Paris LBIM DT585 (missing, slide only found).

  Secondary source:

   Topsent, E. 1932. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Deuxième partie. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 8: 61-124 2 figs pls 1-6 [83].

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Australia; known only from type, exact locality unknown.

Known only from type locality.

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Dysidea kirki Bowerbank, J.S. 1841. Description of three species of sponge, containing some new forms of organization. The Microscopical Journal, London 1: 161-162 [also published in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 8(1842): 393–394] [161].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1877.5.21.1863 dry (TAS), Wollongong, NSW (Fremantle, Perth, WA; TAS); BMNH 1877.5.21.1864 dry (NMV photo 46/25), Fremantle, WA,; BMNH 1872.5.21.50 dry (NMV photos 46/23,24), Swan River, WA; BMNH 1954.3.9.66 (slide), SW Aust.; BMNH 1954.3.9.68 (slide), SW Aust.
• Dysidea favosa Marshall, W. 1880. Untersuchungen über Dysideiden und Phoriospongien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35: 88-129 pls 6-8 [98].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) PMJ Porif.125 wet (NMV photos 56/46–53), Bass Strait; ZMB 2630 9 slides, Bass Strait; ZMB fragment of type ex PMJ in NMV, Bass Strait.
• Sigmatella corticata Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [199] [collective name, not nominate subspecies; syntype without published subspecies name].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.12.13.25 wet (as Dysidia corticata var. massa ms), NSW.
• Sigmatella corticata mammillaris Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [199].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1886.12.15.321 dry (Port Phillip Heads, (figured in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. pl. 40 fig. 5, NMV photo 46/18), Port Phillip Heads; BMNH 1886.12.15.330 dry, Port Phillip Heads; BMNH unregistered 2 specimens, dry (NMV photo 46/20), Encounter Bay, SA (as Murray River).
• Sigmatella corticata papillosa Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [201] [type series composite; partly as Dysideissa granulosa ms and Dysidea corticata var. griffithsi ms, and including 'hypotypes' of Dysidea kirki (in Carter, H.J. 1885. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 15: 196–222) and Dysidea favosa (in Ridley, S.O. 1884. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert, 1881–1882. Spongiida. (Part 1, Australian sponges). London : British Museum (Natural History) pp. 366–482, pls 39–43.)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM Z531 wet (NMV photos 12/14,15), Gulf St Vincent, SA; Tasmania; Port Phillip Bay and Westernport Bay, VIC; Port Jackson, NSW; Darwin, NT; AM Z535 wet (NMV photos 12/2,3); AM Z648 wet (NMV photos 12/33,34); AM Z650 wet (NMV photo 11/35); AM Z655 dry (NMV photos 2/20,21); AM Z661 2 specimens, wet and dry (NMV photos 2/18,19; 12/17); BMNH 1886.8.27.282 wet (=AM G3685 slide), Port Jackson; BMNH 1886.8.27.229 dry (=AM G2826 slide, NMV photos 46/13,14), Westernportkson; BMNH 1886.12.15.332 dry (fragment of type in AM), South Coast; BMNH 1886.12.15.508 dry (NMV photo 46/15), South Coast; BMNH 1882.2.23.294 dry (dry (Dysidea favosa)); BMNH 1882.2.23.295 dry; BMNH 1882.2.23.295 dry.
• Sigmatella corticata flabellum Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [203].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM G9006 dry (Port Jackson, NMV photos 1/18,19), Port Phillip Heads and Bay, VIC; Port Jackson, NSW; AM Z660a,b 2 specimens, wet (NMV photos 12/8–11, 13/2–8), Port Jackson; AM G9018 wet (not found); BMNH 1886.8.27.233 wet (Port Jackson, =BMNH 1886.8.27.234 slide); BMNH 1886.8.27.231 dry (Port Phillip, =AM G3678 2 slides, NMV photos 46/8,9)); BMNH 1886.12.15.319,320–325,327 (NMV photos 46/21–22), 333 (=AM G2821 slide), 345, all dry (S. Coast, =Dysidea kirki: Carter); BMNH 1886.12.15.322 dry (figured in Lendenfeld, R. von 1886. Studies on sponges. Part 1. The vestibule of Dendrilla cavernosa, nova species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 557–561 pl. 39 pl. 40 fig. 8, NMV photos 46/10,11).

  Type locality references:

  Lendenfeld, R. von 1886. Studies on sponges. Part 1. The vestibule of Dendrilla cavernosa, nova species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 557-561 pl. 39.
• Sigmatella corticata serrata Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [203].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.8.27.235 wet (as Dysidea, NMV photos 35/34,35), Port Phillip Bay, VIC; Port Jackson, NSW.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Dendy, A. 1916. Report on the non-calcareous sponges collected by Mr. James Hornell at Okhamandal in Kattiawar in 1905–6. 93-146, pls 1-4 in Hornell, J. (ed.). Report to the Government of Baroda on the marine zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar. London : Williams & Norgate Vol. 2. [127 part]
• Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [73]

Generic Combinations

• Phoriospongia kirki (Bowerbank, 1841).
• Chondropsis kirki (Bowerbank, 1841).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Wollongong, Tuggerah Beach, Narrabine, Port Jackson, Maroubra Bay, Port Phillip Bay, Phillip Is., Sorrento Jetty, Western Port Bay, D'Entrecasteaux Channel, Blackmans Bay, Maria Is., Pilot's Bay, Safety Cove, Gulf St Vincent, Darwin, 'South Coast', 'Australia' also Indian Ocean and New Zealand.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Interidal waters–99 m.

General References

Carpay, M. 1986. The marine sponges of Tasmania. A checklist of a number of marine sponges, occurring along the Tasmanian coast. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Department of Bijzondere Dierkunde, Institute of Taxonomic Zoology, Amsterdam. pp. 1–77. [28]

Sorokin, S., Fromont, J. & Currie, D. 2007. Demosponge biodiversity in the Benthic Protection Zone of the Great Australian Bight. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 132(2): 192-204 [195]

History of changes

• Sigmatella macropsamma Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [198].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM G9021 wet (NMV photos 20/17,18), Port Jackson, NSW (Darnley Is., Great Barrier Reef, QLD); BMNH 1886.8.27.280 wet (as Dysideissa), Port Jackson; ZMB 1206 6 slides (as Dysideissa,), Darnley Is.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Port Jackson.

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Chondropsis topsenti Dendy, A. 1895. Catalogue of non-calcareous sponges collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, Esq., M.A., in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads. Part 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 7: 232-260 [254].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) NMV G2460 dry (=BMNH 1902.10.18.164 slide), 15–34 m, inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; NMV G2461 wet (=BMNH 1902.10.18.21 slide), 15–34 m, inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; NMV G2462 dry (=AM G2665 slide), 15–34 m, inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC.

  Type locality references:

  Wilson, J. Bracebridge 1895. List of dredging stations at and near Port Phillip Heads. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 7: 261-263 [stations 6, 10, XA].

  Secondary source:

   Ayling, A.L., Stone, S. & Smith, B.J. 1982. Catalogue of types of sponge species from Southern Australia described by Arthur Dendy. Reports of the National Museum of Victoria 1: 97-109 [106].

Generic Combinations

• Phoriospongia topsenti (Dendy, 1895).

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Bass Strait Shelf Province (35)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 11–34 m.

History of changes

• Chondropsis wilsoni Dendy, A. 1895. Catalogue of non-calcareous sponges collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, Esq., M.A., in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads. Part 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 7: 232-260 [252].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) NMV G2476 wet (=BMNH 1902.10.18.20 slide), inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; NMV G2477 wet (=AM G2662 slide), inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; NMV G2480 wet (=BMNH 1902.10.18.158 slide), inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; NMV G2481 wet (=BMNH 1902.10.18.159), inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; NMV G2478 wet (=BMNH 1902.10.18.155 slide), inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; NMV G2477 wet (=BMNH 1902.10.18.156 slide), inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; NMV G2396 wet (=BMNH 1902.10.18.157 slide), inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC; BMNH 1902.10.18.154 slide, inside and outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC.

  Type locality references:

  Wilson, J. Bracebridge 1895. List of dredging stations at and near Port Phillip Heads. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 7: 261-263 [stations 5, XA, XB].

  Secondary source:

   Ayling, A.L., Stone, S. & Smith, B.J. 1982. Catalogue of types of sponge species from Southern Australia described by Arthur Dendy. Reports of the National Museum of Victoria 1: 97-109 [107].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Hooper, J.N.A. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] (following examination of specimens from composite syntype series of Holopsamma crassa Carter, 1885 referred to this species: BMNH 1886.12.15.412 (NMV photos 52/22,23), BMNH 1886.12.15.426–430 (possibly fragments of one specimen, conspecific with 1886.12.15.412))

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 13–56 m.

History of changes

• Phoriospongia Marshall, W. 1880. Untersuchungen über Dysideiden und Phoriospongien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35: 88-129 pls 6-8 [122].

  Type species:

   Phoriospongia solida Marshall, 1880 by subsequent designation, see Laubenfels, M.W. de 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. (Tortugas Lab. Paper No. 467). Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington 30: 1-225 22 pls 1 map [99].
• Psammotoxa Laubenfels, M.W. de 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. (Tortugas Lab. Paper No. 467). Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington 30: 1-225 22 pls 1 map [99].

  Type species:

   Phoriospongia guettardi Topsent, 1933 by original designation.
• Stylotrichophora Dendy, A. 1895. Catalogue of non-calcareous sponges collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, Esq., M.A., in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads. Part 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 7: 232-260 [259].

  Type species:

   Stylotrichophora rubra Dendy, 1895 by monotypy.
• Tedaniopsamma Burton, M. 1934. Sponges. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 4: 513-621 pls 1-2 [599].

  Type species:

   Hircinia flabellopalmata Carter, 1885 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [71]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

West Indian region, Indian Ocean, Indo-Malayan region and New Zealand.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Diagnosis

Sandy, variable in amount and distribution of foreign detritus. Megascleres mostly frail subtylostyles or styles, with frequent transitions. Spicules scattered or in vaguely radial to plumose arrangement. Microscleres in the form of small sigmas occur in a few species. About a dozen species.

ID Keys

See Family Chondropsidae Diagnosis.

Diagnosis References

van Soest, R.W.M. 2002. Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886. pp. 521-527 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [524]

History of changes

• Desmacidon arenifibrosa Dendy, A. 1896. Catalogue of non-calcareous sponges collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, Esq., M.A., in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads. Part 2. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 8: 14-51 [21] [as Desmacidon? arenifibrosa].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV G2288 wet (=BMNH 1902.10.18.280 slide), Port Phillip Bay, VIC.

  Type locality references:

  Wilson, J. Bracebridge 1895. List of dredging stations at and near Port Phillip Heads. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 7: 261-263 [station 5].

  Secondary source:

   Ayling, A.L., Stone, S. & Smith, B.J. 1982. Catalogue of types of sponge species from Southern Australia described by Arthur Dendy. Reports of the National Museum of Victoria 1: 97-109 [100].

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Port Phillip Bay.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

General References

Dendy, A. 1916. Report on the non-calcareous sponges collected by Mr. James Hornell at Okhamandal in Kattiawar in 1905–6. 93-146, pls 1-4 in Hornell, J. (ed.). Report to the Government of Baroda on the marine zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar. London : Williams & Norgate Vol. 2. [126] (transferrred to Psammochela)

History of changes

• Dysidea argentea Marshall, W. 1880. Untersuchungen über Dysideiden und Phoriospongien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35: 88-129 pls 6-8 [107].

  Type data:

   Holotype PMJ Porif.136 wet (NMV photos 56/34–39), Australia (Bass Strait or Tasmania probable).
  Paratype(s) fragment of type ex PMJ in NMV.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [170] (synonymised with Chondropsis arenifera Carter, 1886)
• van Soest, R.W.M. 2002. Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886. pp. 521-527 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [522] (removed Chondropsis arenifera Carter, 1886 from synonymy)

Distribution

States

Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Port Phillip Heads.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

General References

Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242

History of changes

• Sigmatella australis Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [195] [collective name for var. flabellum and tubaria, not the nominate subspecies].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1886.8.27.276 wet (not identifiable with any published subspecies, Port Jackson, as Dysideissa australis var. digitata ms), locality unknown; BMNH 1886.12.13.30–35 wet (as Spongelia australis, NSW), locality unknown; ZMB 1214 3 slides (as Spongelia australis, Port Jackson), locality unknown.
• Sigmatella australis flabellum Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [198].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1886.8.27.274 wet (as Dysideissa, Port Jackson), Port Phillip Bay, VIC; Port Jackson, NSW; BMNH 1886.7.27.207 wet (as Spongelia australis, Port Jackson); ZMB 7071 slide (as australiensis var. flabellum), no locality; ZMB 2313 slide, Port Jackson.
• Sigmatella australis tubaria Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [197].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM Z537 wet (NMV photos 12/30–32), Port Jackson, NSW; BMNH 1887.8.27.237 wet; BMNH 1887.8.238–239 2 slides; BMNH 1886.8.27.278 wet (as Dysideissa, =AM G3689 slide); ZMB 1213 3 slides (as Dysidea corticata var. tubaria); ZMB 2313 2 specimens, 3 slides; ZMB 7073 slide (as S. corticata var. tubaria), no locality.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [171]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Port Jackson, Blackman's Bay.

IMCRA

Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 20–50 m.

History of changes

• Phoriospongia canaliculata Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [65].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Broughton Is., NSW.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Sigmatella carcinophila Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [66] [in key].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM Z663 wet (NMV photos 11/11,12), 20–50 m, Port Jackson, NSW.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Eagle Is. and Port Jackson.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 18–50 m.

General References

Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242

History of changes

• Phoriospongia fibrosa Ridley, S.O. 1884. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert, 1881–1882. Spongiida. (Part 1, Australian sponges). London : British Museum (Natural History) 366-482, pls 39-43. [439].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1882.2.23.269 wet (Torres Strait), 12–16 m, Prince of Wales Channel, Torres Strait; 0–8 m, Port Jackson, NSW.
  Paralectotype(s) (not found), Port Jackson.
• Psammochela elegans Dendy, A. 1916. Report on the non-calcareous sponges collected by Mr. James Hornell at Okhamandal in Kattiawar in 1905–6. 93-146, pls 1-4 in Hornell, J. (ed.). Report to the Government of Baroda on the marine zoology of Okhamandal in Kattiawar. London : Williams & Norgate Vol. 2. [128].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1920.12.9.36 wet RN.IV.20, Okha/Beyt, Kattiawar Peninsular, India; BMNH 1920.12.9.37 wet RN.XVIII.3, Okha/Beyt, Kattiawar Peninsular, India.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Burton, M. 1934. Sponges. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 4: 513-621 pls 1-2 [550]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Torres Strait, Thursday Is., Snake Reef, Port Jackson, and also Indian Ocean.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 0–25 m.

History of changes

• Hircinia flabellopalmata Carter, H.J. 1885. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 15: 301-321 [313].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.12.15.241 dry, Port Phillip Heads, VIC.
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1886.12.15.239 2 specimens, dry (=AM G2852 slide); BMNH 1886.12.15.240 dry (NMV photo 47/11).

Distribution

States

Queensland, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Port Phillip Heads.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Phoriospongia guettardi Topsent, E. 1933. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Fin. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 10: 1-60 5 figs pls 1-3 [19].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MNHN Paris, Australia.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Australia; southern seas, exact locality unknown.

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

General References

Topsent, E. 1933. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Fin. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 10: 1-60 5 figs pls 1-3 [19] (name for two additional paratypes of Spongia carduus Lamarck not included in Acanthella carduus by Topsent, E. 1930. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Arch. Mus. Natl Hist. Nat. Paris 6 5: 1–56 4 figs pls 1–4 (40))

History of changes

• Phoriospongia lamella Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [194] [collective name for var. osculata and panis, no nominate subspecies].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM G9022 wet (NMV photos 18/16–18, slide, without subspecies designation), locality unknown.
• Phoriospongia lamella osculata Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [195].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.8.27.242 dry (figured in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. pl. 37 fig. 11, =AM G3680 slide), Port Jackson, NSW (Broughton Is., NSW).
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1886.8.27.299 wet (Broughton Is. as Psammopessa levis var. osculata).
• Phoriospongia lamella panis Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [195].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM A5563 dry (NMV photos 4/32,33), Port Jackson, NSW; BMNH 1886.8.27.297 wet (Psammopessa levis var. panis, =AM G3650 slide), Port Jackson, NSW; ZMB 2311 slide, Port Jackson, NSW.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Dendy, A. 1895. Catalogue of non-calcareous sponges collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, Esq., M.A., in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads. Part 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 7: 232-260 [253]

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Port Jackson, Broughton Is., Crookhaven River.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 30–50 m.

History of changes

• Phoriospongia levis Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [193].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM G9020 wet (NMV photos 18/9–11), Port Jackson, NSW; BMNH 1886.8.27.103 wet (as Aulena, =AM G3758 slide), Port Jackson, NSW.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 20–40 m.

History of changes

• Halichondria mammillata Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [81] [type series composite].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM Z2011 wet fragment of type (NMV photo 11/22), Port Jackson, NSW; BMNH 1887.1.24.54 wet (=AM G3373 slide), Port Jackson, NSW; AM G9013 wet (=Callyspongia (Callyspongia) sp., NMV photos 20/3–5), Port Jackson, NSW.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Port Jackson.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Alcyonium papillosum Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1815. Suites des polypiers empâtés. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 1: 162-168, 331-340 [164] [var. b].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) Péron Lesueur Collection (specimen of the typical form from Indian Ocean lost (see Topsent, E. 1933. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Fin. Arch. Mus. Natl Hist. Nat. Paris 6 10: 1–60 5 figs pls 1–3)), European seas (inferred by comparison with Spongia urens Ellis & Solander and other species, erroneous, see Topsent, 1933); possibly Australia; MNHN Paris LBIM DT656 (var. ß, no locality, Phorospongia papillosa (Lamarck) Topsent), European seas (inferred by comparison with Spongia urens Ellis & Solander and other species, erroneous, see Topsent, 1933); possibly Australia; MNHN Paris LBIM DT655 (var. ß, Ambon, Indonesia =Hyattella lamarcki Topsent, 1933), European seas (inferred by comparison with Spongia urens Ellis & Solander and other species, erroneous, see Topsent, 1933); possibly Australia.

  Secondary source:

   Topsent, E. 1933. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Fin. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 10: 1-60 5 figs pls 1-3 [36].

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Original locality uncertain, now suspected to be Australia.

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Phoriospongia reticulum Marshall, W. 1880. Untersuchungen über Dysideiden und Phoriospongien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35: 88-129 pls 6-8 [124].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB 2634 wet, 6 slides (NMV photos 56/8–15), Tasmania.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Port Jackson.

IMCRA

Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 30 m.

History of changes

• Halichondria rigida Bowerbank, J.S. 1875. Contributions to a general history of the Spongiadae. Part vii. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875: 281-296 [289].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH dry, Strait of Malacca.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994]

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Blackmans Bay, and also Indo-Malayan region.

IMCRA

Tasmanian Shelf Province (36)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

On red algae (TAS).

History of changes

• Stylotrichophora rubra Dendy, A. 1895. Catalogue of non-calcareous sponges collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, Esq., M.A., in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads. Part 1. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 7: 232-260 [259].

  Type data:

   Holotype RN478 (specimen missing from NMV and BMNH), 38 m, outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC.
  Paratype(s) AM unregistered slide, tray 52.

  Type locality references:

  Ayling, A.L., Stone, S. & Smith, B.J. 1982. Catalogue of types of sponge species from Southern Australia described by Arthur Dendy. Reports of the National Museum of Victoria 1: 97-109 [105].

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Outside Port Phillip Heads, and also W Pacific Ocean (Marshall Ils).

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 5–36 m.

History of changes

• Phoriospongia solida Marshall, W. 1880. Untersuchungen über Dysideiden und Phoriospongien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35: 88-129 pls 6-8 [122].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) (not found in ZMB, PMJ), Bass Strait, TAS.

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Thorecta squalidus Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [148] [type series composite].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM G8863 dry (Port Phillip, NMV photos 7/35,36), Port Phillip Bay, VIC; NT; Port Jackson, NSW; (WA; Armstrong Bay, VIC; Tasmania; Mauritius?); ZMB 1199 3 slides, WA; ZMB 2291 4 slides, Armstrong Bay, SW VIC; BMNH 1886.8.27.125 dry, –126, slide, Mauritius?; BMNH 1886.8.27.127 dry, –128, slide, East Coast; BMNH 1886.8.27.245 dry, –246, slide (=AM G3681 (slide) (NMV photo 50/13), Port Jackson; BMNH 1886.8.27.247 wet (=AM G3681 slide), Port Jackson; BMNH 1887.4.27.88 wet, Port Jackson; ZMB 7172 slide, no locality; BMNH 1869.1.22.5 dry, Tasmania; BMNH 1846.8.19.29 dry; BMNH unregistered dry.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, South Australia, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Port Jackson, Port Phillip Bay, Melbourne and Adelaide.

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 20–40 m.

History of changes

• Chondropsis syringiana Whitelegge, T. 1906. Sponges. Part I. In Scientific results of the trawling expedition of H.M.C.S. Thetis off the coast of New South Wales in February and March, 1898. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 4: 453-484 pls 43-44 [464].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM G4318 dry (NMV photos 7/22,23), 44 m, off Crookhaven River, NSW.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 41 m.

History of changes

• Psammascus Marshall, W. 1880. Untersuchungen über Dysideiden und Phoriospongien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35: 88-129 pls 6-8 [92].

  Type species:

   Psammascus decipiens Marshall, 1880 by monotypy.
• Psammoclema Marshall, W. 1880. Untersuchungen über Dysideiden und Phoriospongien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35: 88-129 pls 6-8 [109].

  Type species:

   Psammoclema ramosum Marshall, 1880 by monotypy.
• Psammopemma Marshall, W. 1880. Untersuchungen über Dysideiden und Phoriospongien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35: 88-129 pls 6-8 [113].

  Type species:

   Psammopemma densum Marshall, 1880 by monotypy.
• Sarcocornea Carter, H.J. 1885. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 15: 196-222 [214].

  Type species:

   Sarcocornea nodosa Carter, 1885 by monotypy.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [175]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

(NW Atlantic), (Mediterranean Sea), Red Sea, Indian Ocean and New Zealand.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Diagnosis

Ramose and massive growth forms; ectosomal skeleton arenaceous, detatchable; choanosomal skeleton dendritic tracts composed only of sand grains united by spongin, or amorphously packed with sand; no megascleres or microscleres. Half a dozen species.

ID Keys

See Family Chondropsidae Diagnosis.

Diagnosis References

van Soest, R.W.M. 2002. Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886. pp. 521-527 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [524]

History of changes

• Psammoclema bitextum Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [75].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F51996, 20 km E of Wilson's Promontory, Bass Strait, VIC.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 55 m.

History of changes

• Dysidea callosa Marshall, W. 1880. Untersuchungen über Dysideiden und Phoriospongien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35: 88-129 pls 6-8 [104].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) (not found in PMJ, ZMB), probably Australia (Bass Strait, TAS).

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Deal Is. (Kent Group).

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

General References

Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [76]

History of changes

• Psammascus decipiens Marshall, W. 1880. Untersuchungen über Dysideiden und Phoriospongien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35: 88-129 pls 6-8 [93].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB 2633 7 slides, Tasmania? (not published).

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Tasmanian Shelf Province (36)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Psammopemma densum Marshall, W. 1880. Untersuchungen über Dysideiden und Phoriospongien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35: 88-129 pls 6-8 [113].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB 2631 fragment, 8 slides (NMV photos 56/2–7), Tasmania.
• Psammopemma densum subfibrosum Ridley, S.O. 1884. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert, 1881–1882. Spongiida. (Part 1, Australian sponges). London : British Museum (Natural History) 366-482, pls 39-43. [390].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH wet, 5–7 m, Thursday Is., Torres Strait.
• Holopsamma laevis Carter, H.J. 1885. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 15: 196-222 [212] [type series composite].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1886.12.15.47 wet (NMV photos 37/20, 21, =AM G2812 slide), less than 38 m, Port Phillip Heads, VIC; BMNH 1886.12.15.408 dry (=AM G2867 slide), less than 38 m, Port Phillip Heads, VIC; BMNH 1886.12.15.310 dry (NMV photo 53/18), less than 38 m, Port Phillip Heads, VIC; BMNH 1886.12.15.461–465 dry (NMV photo 46/19), less than 38 m, Port Phillip Heads, VIC; BMNH 1886.12.15.491 dry, less than 38 m, Port Phillip Heads, VIC; BMNH 1886.12.15.494–499 dry (=Psammoclema callosum, NMV photos 36/34,35), less than 38 m, Port Phillip Heads, VIC; BMNH 1886.12.15.501–503 dry (=Psammoclema callosum, NMV photos 36/34,35), less than 38 m, Port Phillip Heads, VIC; BMNH 1886.12.15.140 wet (=Psammoclema callosum, NMV photos 36/34,35), less than 38 m, Port Phillip Heads, VIC.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [76]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Torres Strait, Port Jackson, Port Phillip Heads and Wilson's Promontory.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 5–37 m.

History of changes

• Dysidea digitifera Ridley, S.O. 1884. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert, 1881–1882. Spongiida. (Part 1, Australian sponges). London : British Museum (Natural History) 366-482, pls 39-43. [389].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1882.2.23.263 wet, 14 m, Albany Is., Torres Strait.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Albany Is. (Torres Strait), Port Denison.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 15 m.

History of changes

• Psammoclema fissuratum Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [77].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F52002, south of Warrnambool, Bass Strait, VIC.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 52 m.

History of changes

• Psammoclema foliaceum Poléjaeff, N. 1884. Report on the Keratosa collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 11: 1-88 pls 1-10 [45].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.16 wet fragments (NMV photos 35/5,6), 74 m, Bass Strait.

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 70 m.

History of changes

• Holopsamma fuliginosa Carter, H.J. 1885. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 15: 196-222 [213].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.12.15.309 dry (NMV photos 52/12,13), Port Phillip Heads, VIC.
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1886.12.15.488 dry, 3 specimens (=AM G2866 slide); BMNH 1886.12.15.489 dry; BMNH 1886.12.15.83–84 2 wet fragments of type(s?) (NMV photos 38/27,28).

  Subsequent designation references:

  Hooper, J.N.A. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [176] (the following specimens from composite syntype series of Holopsamma crassa Carter, 1885 are referred to this species: BMNH 1886.12.15.318 (NMV photo 52/11), BMNH 1886.12.15.409); Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [176].

Generic Combinations

• Psammoclema fuliginosum (Carter, 1885). —
  Hooper, J.N.A. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [176]

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Bass Strait Shelf Province (35)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Psammoclema goniodes Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [78].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F52060, vicinity of Warrnambool and Lorne, Bass Strait, VIC.
  Paratype(s) NMV F52059.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 52–79 m.

History of changes

• Psammopemma marshalli Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [68].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.8.27.243 wet fragment (as Spongelia (Dysidea), =BMNH 1886.8.27.244 slide, AM G3690 slide), Port Phillip Bay, VIC.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Bass Strait Shelf Province (35)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Shallow water.

History of changes

• Sarcocornea nodosa Carter, H.J. 1885. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 15: 196-222 [214].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.12.15.295 dry (NMV photos 51/13–15), Port Phillip Heads, VIC.
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1886.12.15.291 10 specimens, dry; BMNH 1886.12.15.292; BMNH 1886.12.15.293; BMNH 1886.12.15.294; BMNH 1886.12.15.296 (MNH 1886.12.15.299, BMNH 1886.12.15.300, BMNH unregistered); BMNH 1886.12.15.297 NMV photos 51/10–12; BMNH 1886.12.15.299; BMNH 1886.12.15.300; BMNH unregistered.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [177].

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Port Phillip Heads and Deal Is.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 10 m.

General References

Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [79]

History of changes

• Psammoclema radiatum Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [80].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F52004, south of Warrnambool, Bass Strait, VIC.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 52 m.

History of changes

• Psammoclema ramosum Marshall, W. 1880. Untersuchungen über Dysideiden und Phoriospongien. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 35: 88-129 pls 6-8 [109].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) ZMB 2632 wet, 5 slides, Bass Strait; PMJ Porif 134 several fragments wet (NMV photos 56/16–23), Bass Strait; NMV fragment of type ex PMJ, Bass Strait.

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Moncoeur Is., Blackman's Bay and Deal Is.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 70 m.

General References

Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [80]

History of changes

• Psammopemma rugosum Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [205].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM G8897 wet (NMV photos 26/0–2), Port Jackson NSW.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Port Jackson.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 30 m.

History of changes

• Spongelia stellidermata Carter, H.J. 1885. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 15: 196-222 [219].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.12.15.287 dry (NMV photos 54/33,34, =AM G2834 slide), 5 m, Port Phillip Heads, VIC.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Port Phillip Heads, and also New Zealand.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 5.5–55 m.

History of changes

• Psammoclema stipitatum Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [81].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F52006, south of Warrnambool, Bass Strait, VIC.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 52 m.

History of changes

• Psammopemma tuberculata Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [68].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.12.15.317 (NMV photos 54/17,18), Port Phillip Bay, on beach, VIC (Port Phillip Heads).
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1886.12.15.431.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Port Phillip Bay, Port Phillip Heads.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Psammoclema vansoesti Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [82].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV F52008, Deal Is., Bass Strait, VIC.
  Paratype(s) NMV F52007.

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Deal Is.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 3–6 m.

History of changes

• Psammoclema vosmaeri Poléjaeff, N. 1884. Report on the Keratosa collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 11: 1-88 pls 1-10 [44].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.15 wet, 14 m, Torres Strait.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Torres Strait.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 15 m.

History of changes

• Strongylacidon Lendenfeld, R. von 1897. Spongien von Sansibar. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 21: 93-133 pls 9-10 [110].

  Type species:

   Strongylacidon sansibarensis Lendenfeld, 1897 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

West Indian region, Indian Ocean, Indo-Malayan region and New Zealand.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Distribution References

Diagnosis

Encrusting to massive; ectosomal skeleton with protruding brushes of stongyles from the ascending choanosomal fibres; choanosomal skeleton plumose in encrusting specimens becoming plumoreticulate in more massive specimens; fibres cored by strongyles and occasionally some detritus; microscleres are unguiferous-arcuate isochelae and/or sigmas. About 15 species.

ID Keys

See Family Chondropsidae Diagnosis.

Diagnosis References

van Soest, R.W.M. 2002. Family Chondropsidae Carter, 1886. pp. 521-527 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [524]

History of changes

• Halichondria stelliderma Carter, H.J. 1886. Supplement to the descriptions of Mr. J. Bracebridge Wilson's Australian sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 18: 445-466 pl. 10 [451] [as Halichondria? stelliderma].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.12.15.148 wet (NMV photos 38/13–15, =AM G2758 slide), Westernport Bay, VIC.
• Desmacidon plicatum Hentschel, E. 1911. Tetraxonida. pp. 279-393, 54 figs 2. Teil. in Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (eds). Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Jena : G. Fischer Vol. 3 (10). [321].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMH, WA.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Burton, M. 1934. Sponges. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 4: 513-621 pls 1-2 [554]

Distribution

States

Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Westernport Bay, Pilot's Bay, Darlington Bay, and also New Zealand.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 13–38 m.

General References

Carpay, M. 1986. The marine sponges of Tasmania. A checklist of a number of marine sponges, occurring along the Tasmanian coast. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Department of Bijzondere Dierkunde, Institute of Taxonomic Zoology, Amsterdam. pp. 1–77. [30] (listed as a component of the Tasmanian fauna)

Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [68] (comprehensive redescription)

History of changes