Vascular Plants Australian Plant Name Index (APNI)

The Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) is a tool for the botanical community that deals with plant names and their usage in the scientific literature, whether as a current name or synonym. APNI does not recommend any particular taxonomy or nomenclature. For a listing of currently accepted scientific names for the Australian vascular flora, please use the Australian Plant Census (APC) link above.

Name search
Advanced search

name

You will get suggestions as you type in your query, they tell you what your query will return, and you can select one for an exact match.
The query is not case sensitive.
This search uses an automatic wild card at the end of the query to match all endings (unless the query is in double quotes).
The query is an ordered set of search terms, so viola l. will match "Viola L." and "Viola L. sect Viola."
Putting double quotes around your entire query will cause it to be matched exactly (except case). e.g. "Viola L." will match just Viola L.
You can use a % as a wild card inside the search query e.g. hakea elon% be or "hakea % var. elon% benth." to find "Hakea ceratophylla var. elongata Benth."

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Pick the types of name to include. If none are checked, then Scientific and cultivated plant names will be included.

Scientific names

Names of cultivated plants

Other names, e.g. common

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The total number of results available will also be displayed.

Showing Xanthium chinense

Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl

Xanthium chinense Mill.

, legitimate

, scientific

Miller, P. (1768), The Gardeners Dictionary Edn. 8

:

no. 4

[tax. nov.]

Type: (not cited).

Green, K.R. (1954), Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales 65

:

259

[secondary reference]

Beadle, N.C.W., Evans, O.D. & Carolin, R.C. (1962), Handbook of the Vascular Plants of the Sydney District and Blue Mountains

:

375

[secondary reference]

common name:

Noogoora Burr

[n/a]

McMillan, C. (1975), The Xanthium strumarium complexes in Australia.

Australian Journal of Botany

:

175

[secondary reference]

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales

:

88

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Xanthium occidentale Bertol.

legitimate

Jessop, J.P. in Jessop, J.P. (ed.) (1981), Compositae (Asteraceae) - most genera.

Flora of Central Australia

:

173

[misapplied]

misapplied to: Xanthium occidentale Bertol. legitimate by

McMillan, C. (1975), The Xanthium strumarium complexes in Australia.

Australian Journal of Botany

23

: 175

Murray, L. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992), Xanthium.

Flora of New South Wales

:

270

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Xanthium occidentale Bertol.

legitimate

Jessup, L.W. (22 April 2002), Flora of South-eastern Queensland Volume 2 Changes to names or status of taxa

:

-

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Xanthium occidentale Bertol.

legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2008), Australian Plant Census

:

-

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Xanthium strumarium L.

legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2011), Australian Plant Census

:

-

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Xanthium strumarium L.

legitimate

Orchard, A.E. in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.) (2015), Asteraceae Trib. Heliantheae Subtrib. 7. Ambrosiinae.

Flora of Australia

:

569

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Xanthium occidentale Bertol.

legitimate

Tomasello, S. (2018), How many names for a beloved genus? – Coalescent-based species delimitation in Xanthium L. (Ambrosiinae, Asteraceae).

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

:

143, Fig. 1

[secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym:

Xanthium pungens Wallr.

legitimate

Tomasello, S. (2018), How many names for a beloved genus? – Coalescent-based species delimitation in Xanthium L. (Ambrosiinae, Asteraceae).

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

:

Fig. 1

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Xanthium orientale L.

legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (31 July 2018), Australian Plant Census

:

-

[taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of:

Xanthium occidentale Bertol.

legitimate