St-Hilaire, J. (1805), Exposition des Familles Naturelles et de la Germination des Plantes 1: 245 [tax. nov.]

• Type: Verbena L.

Brown, R. in Flinders, M. (1814), General remarks, geographical and systematical, on the Botany of Terra Australis. A Voyage to Terra Australis 2, Appendix III: 565 [secondary reference]

Mueller, F.J.H. von (1882), Systematic Census of Australian Plants: 102 [secondary reference]

Diels, F.L.E. & Pritzel, E.G. (6 December 1904), Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae occidentalis. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Pflanzen Westaustraliens, ihrer Verbreitung und ihrer Lebensverhaltnisse. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 35(2-3): 493 [secondary reference]

Dixon, W.A. (1906), The Plants of New South Wales: 1, 6, 8, 235 [secondary reference]

Bailey, F.M. (1913), Comprehensive Catalogue of Queensland Plants: 381 [secondary reference]

Ewart, A.J. (1925), Handbook of Forest Trees for Victorian Foresters: 412 [secondary reference]

Black, J.M. (December 1926), Meliaceae - Scrophulariaceae. Flora of South Australia 3: 478 [secondary reference]

Black, J.M. & Robertson, E.L. (1957), Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 4: 719 [secondary reference]

• Etymology: "Applied by the German botanist, Otto Brunfels, in 1530, to V. officinalis, apparently from verbena, the Italian and Spanish name of this plant, the classical Latin name of which was verbenaca."

Beadle, N.C.W., Evans, O.D. & Carolin, R.C. (1962), Handbook of the Vascular Plants of the Sydney District and Blue Mountains: 413-414 [secondary reference]

Curtis, W.M. (1967), Angiospermae: Plumbaginaceae to Salicaceae. The Student's Flora of Tasmania 3: 541 [secondary reference]

Burbidge, N.T. & Gray, M. (1970), Flora of the Australian Capital Territory: 310 [secondary reference]

Cronquist, A.J. (1981), An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants: 920-924, Fig. 6-15 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Avicenniaceae Miq. nom. cons. taxonomic synonym: Phrymaceae Schauer nom. cons. taxonomic synonym: Chloanthaceae Hutch. legitimate

Cunningham, G.M., Mulham, W.E., Milthorpe, P.L. & Leigh, J.H. (1981), Plants of Western New South Wales: 568-570 [secondary reference]

Munir, A.A. in Jessop, J.P. (ed.) (1981), Verbenaceae. Flora of Central Australia: 295 [secondary reference]

Stanley, T.D. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986), Verbenaceae. Flora of South-eastern Queensland 2: 364 [secondary reference]

Rye, B.L. in Marchant, N.G., Wheeler, J.R., Rye, B.L., Bennett, E.M., Lander, N.S. & Macfarlane, T.D. (1987), Verbenaceae. Flora of the Perth Region 1: 550 [secondary reference]

Floyd, A.G. (1989), Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia: 405-406 [secondary reference]

Brummitt, R.K. (1992), Vascular Plant Families and Genera: 690 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Pityrodia R.Br. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Chloanthaceae Hutch. legitimate

Conn, B.J. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992), Verbenaceae. Flora of New South Wales 3: 611 [secondary reference]

Rye, B.L. in Wheeler, J.R. (ed.) (1992), Verbenaceae. Flora of the Kimberley Region: 785-786 [secondary reference]

Takhtajan, A.L. (1997), Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants: 463, 464-465 [secondary reference]

Conn, B.J. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1999), Verbenaceae. Flora of Victoria 4: 411-412 [secondary reference]

Paczkowska, G. & Chapman, A.R. (2000), The Western Australian Flora, a descriptive catalogue: 211 [pro parte taxonomic synonym]

pro parte taxonomic synonym of: Chloanthaceae Hutch. legitimate

Short, P.S. in Cowie, I.D., Short, P.S. & Osterkamp Madsen, M. (2000), Verbenaceae. Floodplain Flora. A flora of the coastal floodplains of the Northern Territory, Australia: 142 [secondary reference]

Wheeler, J.R., Marchant, N.G. & Lewington, M. (2002), Dicotyledons. Flora of the South West 2: 933 [secondary reference]

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003), An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141(4): 420 [secondary reference]

Atkins, S. in Kubitzki, K. (ed.) (2004), Verbenaceae. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 7: 449-468, Figs. 57-60 [secondary reference]

Cooper, W.E. & Cooper, W.T. (2004), Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest: 549 [secondary reference]

Thorne, R.F. & Reveal, J.L. (2007), An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida ("Angiospermae"). Botanical Review 73(2): 139 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Lantanaceae Martinov legitimate taxonomic synonym: Durantaceae J.Agardh legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2008), Australian Plant Census: - APC [secondary reference]

• APC Dist.: WA (naturalised), CoI (naturalised), ChI (naturalised), NT (native and naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (native and naturalised), NSW (native and naturalised), LHI (naturalised), NI (naturalised), ACT (native and naturalised), Vic (native and naturalised), Tas (naturalised)

Mabberley, D.J. (1 May 2008), Mabberley's Plant-Book Edn. 3: 894, 938 [secondary reference]

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2): 117 [secondary reference]

Barrett, Russell & Tay, Eng Pin (2016), Perth Plants: a Field Guide to the Bushland and Coastal Flora of Kings Park and Bold Park Edn. 2: 28 (photo) [secondary reference]

common name: Verbena [n/a]

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