• Antrocarcininae Ng, P.K.L. & Chia, D.G.B. 1994. The genus Glyptocarcinus Takeda, 1973, with descriptions of a new subfamily, two new genera and two new species from New Caledonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 42(3): 701-730 [702].

  Type genus:

   Antrocarcinus Ng & Chia, 1994.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Alcock, A. 1898. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 3. The Brachyura Cyclometopa. Part I. The Family Xanthidae. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 67(Pt 2 No. 1): 67-233 [69]
• Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [11]
• Ng, P.K.L. & Chia, D.G.B. 1994. The genus Glyptocarcinus Takeda, 1973, with descriptions of a new subfamily, two new genera and two new species from New Caledonia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 42(3): 701-730 [702]

Introduction

The Xanthidae is the most diverse of the crab families in Australian waters. Xanthids are found in a variety of habitats from the intertidal to moderately deep water, but they are most abundant in shallow water, coastal reef environments. Because many species have the fingers of the claw darkly pigmented, they are often called `black-fingered crabs'. Xanthids range in feeding type from algal scrapers that have the fingers of the claw ending in broad cusps, to aggressive predators with sharply pointed claws; a few even live in symbiotic relationships with corals and other cnidarians. Some have been reported to be highly toxic, and their consumption has caused deaths in other parts of the Indo-west Pacific region. The toxicity is unpredictable, and a range of different toxins is implicated; thus it appears that the crabs are incorporating them from their food. Such toxins have also been reported in a range of small reef crabs belonging to several other families (for review of Australian species, see Llewellyn & Davie 1987).

In the past their great diversity and lack of a general taxonomic treatment made identification of xanthids extremely difficult. This problem was alleviated considerably with the milestone publication by Serène (1984) on the Xanthoidea of the western Indian Ocean. This work provided the first comprehensive keys to the Indo-west Pacific subfamilies, genera and species. However, a number of other important works have dealt with the Australian fauna, including those of Hess (1865), Grant & McCulloch (1906), Rathbun (1911), Hale (1927), Montgomery (1931), Ward (1933a, 1933b, 1934, 1936), Balss (1935), McNeill (1968), Serène (1972), Guinot (1976), Davie (1989), Ng (1993) and Davie & Turner (1994).

The taxonomic arrangement of Xanthidae has changed greatly over about the last 30 years. The present classification follows that of Ng et al. (2008).

Diagnosis

Carapace hexagonal, transversely hexagonal to transversely oval, sometimes subcircular; dorsal regions (areolation) generally, but not always, well defined; surface usually ridged or granular. Frontal margin more or less bilobed. Anterolateral margins generally with two to six teeth, spines, or lobes, sometimes weakly differentiated. Epistome with ridges that define efferent branchial canals absent or confined to the posterior part of the buccal cavity, not continuing on to meet the anterior buccal frame. Chelipeds with fingers pointed or spoon-tipped. Walking legs with or without a dactylo-propodal articulation formed by a rounded prolongation of propodal lateral margin sliding against and beneath a projecting button situated proximally on lateral margin of dactylus. Thoracic sternum relatively narrow. Male abdomen consisting of five movable segments with segments 3–5 fused (sutures may sometimes be more or less evident). Male genital openings coxal; female openings sternal. Male first gonopod slender, curved or sinuous, relatively simple apically, lacking complex lobes or folds; typically with long setae distally or subdistally; second gonopod short, less than 0.25 times length of first.

General References

Balss, H. 1935. Die brachyuren Dekapoden der Reise Michaelsen-Hartmeyer nach Südwestaustralien 1905. Eine geographische Übersicht nebst Beschreibung einiger neuer Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 111(1–2): 35-42 figs 1-5

Davie, P.J.F. 1989. New records of Demania (Crustacea: Decapoda: Xanthidae) from Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 27(2): 123-128

Davie, P.J.F. & Turner, P.A. 1994. A new species and a new record of Hepatoporus from north-western Australia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Xanthidae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 37(1): 83-86

Grant, F.E. & McCulloch, A.R. 1906. On a collection of Crustacea from the Port Curtis District, Queensland. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 31(1): 2-53, text-figs 1-3 pls 1-4

Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19

Hale, H.M. 1927. The Crustaceans of South Australia. Eumalacostraca. Adelaide : Government Printer Vol. 1 201 pp., 202 figs.

Hess, W. 1865. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Decapoden-Krebse Ost-Australiens. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 31: 127-173 pls 6-7

Lasley, R.M. Jr, Lai, J.C.Y. & Thoma, B.P. 2013. A new genus for Chlorodiella longimana (H. Milne Edwards) supported by morphology and molecular data, with a preliminary phylogeny of the Chlorodiellinae (Crustacea : Decapoda : Xanthidae). Invertebrate Systematics 27: 379–390

Llewellyn, L. & Davie, P. 1987. Crabs and Other Crustaceans. pp. 126-135 in Covacevich, J., Davie, P. & Pearn, J. (eds). Toxic Plants and Animals. A Guide for Australia. Brisbane : Queensland Museum 504 pp.

McNeill, F.A. 1968. Crustacea, Decapoda & Stomatopoda. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 7(1): 1-98 pls 1-2

Montgomery, S.K. 1931. Report on the Crustacea Brachyura of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Abrolhos Islands under the leadership of Professor W.J. Dakin, in 1913; along with other crabs from Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 37: 405-465 1 text-fig. pls 24-30

Ng, P.K.L, Guinot, D. & Davie, P.J.F. 2008. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 17: 1-286 [Date published 31 January 2008]

Ng, P.K.L. 1993. Kraussiinae, a new subfamily for the genera Kraussia Dana, 1852, Palapedia, new genus, and Garthasia, new genus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae), with descriptions of two new species from Singapore and the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 41(1): 133-157

Rathbun, M.J. 1911. Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner. Vol. III. No. XI. Marine Brachyura. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London Zool. 14(2): 191-261, text-figs 1, 2 pls 15-20

Serène, R. 1972. Observations on the Indo-pacific species of Kraussia Dana 1852 (Decapoda: Brachyura). Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia 55(2): 41-62 figs 1-24

Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48

Ward, M. 1933. New genera and species of marine Decapoda Brachyura from the coasts of New South Wales and Queensland. The Australian Zoologist 7(5): 377-394 pls 21-23

Ward, M. 1933. The true crabs of the Capricorn Group, Queensland. (Class Crustacea, Order Decapoda Brachyura). Part 1. Xanthidae. The Australian Zoologist 7(5): 237-255 [dated 1932 but published 1933]

Ward, M. 1935. Notes on a collection of crabs from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 9: 5-28 pls 1-3 [Dated as 1934 but published in Feb 1935, see Low & Tan (2009)]

Ward, M. 1936. Crustacea Brachyura from the coasts of Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum XI(1): 1-13, 3 pls

History of changes

• Actaeinae Alcock, A. 1898. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 3. The Brachyura Cyclometopa. Part I. The Family Xanthidae. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 67(Pt 2 No. 1): 67-233 [78, 137].

Diagnosis

Carapace xanthoid in shape, not particularly broadened; dorsal surface granular, tuberculate or spinose, regions usually well defined and lobulate. Anterolateral margins with three teeth, or granular or spinose lobes, behind exorbital angles. Front bilobed, weakly to moderately projecting; width about one-third maximum carapace width; lateral margin with ventral prolongation meeting basal antennal article such that antennal flagellum included within orbit. Antennules fold transversely. Chelipeds subequal, slightly dissimilar in males; granular or spinose; fingers variable, from obtusely pointed to acute but never enlarged and hollowed. Walking legs granular, spinose, sometimes smooth, or even carinate; sometimes coadapted into concave posterolateral carapace margins. Sternum relatively narrow; fourth sternite with longitudinal furrow more or less marked.

History of changes

• Actaea De Haan, W. 1833. Crustacea. i-xvii, i-xxxi, ix-xvi, 1-243 pls A-J, in Von Siebold, P.F. (ed.). Fauna Japonica sive Descriptio Animalium, quae in Itinere per Japoniam, Jussu et Auspiciis Superiorum, qui Summum in India Batava Imperium Tenent, Suscepto, Annis 1823–1830 Collegit, Notis, Observationibus et Adumbrationibus Illustravit. Leiden : Lugduni-Batavorum. [published from 1833–1850] [4, 18] [first introduced as a subgenus of Cancer Linnaeus; gender feminine].

  Type species:

   Cancer (Actaea) granulatus De Haan, 1833 by subsequent designation, see Rathbun, M.J. 1922. Opinion 73. Five generic names in Crinoidea, eighty-six generic names in Crustacea, and eight generic names in Acarina, placed on the Official List of Generic Names. Opin. rend. Internat. Comm. Zool. Nomencl. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 73(1): 23-31.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Distribution References

History of changes

• Cancer calculosa Milne Edwards, H. 1834. Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, comprenant l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces Animaux. Paris : Librairie encyclopédique de Roret Vol. 1 xxxv 468 pp. [378].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP MB-B3884S ♂, 'Nouvelle-Hollande' [Australia].
• ?Actaea granulata laevis Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [217] [nomen nudum].
• Euxanthus tuberculosa Miers, 1884.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (Gulf of Manaar to Thailand and Singapore).

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

Coral and rocky reefs.

General References

Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [215] (review of previous records, stated that identity of non-Australian records need confirmation)

History of changes

• Actaea capricornensis Ward, M. 1933. New genera and species of marine Decapoda Brachyura from the coasts of New South Wales and Queensland. The Australian Zoologist 7(5): 377-394 pls 21-23 [384 pl. 22 figs 1, 2].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM P10630 ♂, North-west Island, Capricorn Group, QLD.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, subtidal.

Extra Ecological Information

From coral.

General References

Davie, P. 2002. Crustacea: Malacostraca: Phyllocarida, Hoplocarida, Eucarida (Part 1). In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3A. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia xii 551 pp. [510] (retained in Actaea pending future research)

Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [204] (figured this species (pl. 19 fig. 3), but removed it from Actaea, regarded generic allocation as uncertain)

History of changes

• Actaea carcharias White, A. 1848. Short descriptions of new or little known decapod Crustacea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [1847]15: 222-228 [224].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 44–71 ♀, Swan River, Australia.
• Actaea carcharias White, A. 1847. List of the Specimens of Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum viii 143 pp. [Date published Apr/1847] [15] [nom. nud.].

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, rock reef, subtidal.

General References

Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [220] (photograph and diagnosis)

History of changes

• Actaea glandifera Rathbun, M.J. 1914. Stalk-eyed Crustaceans collected at the Monte Bello Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1914: 653-664 pls 1, 2 [658 pl. 1 fig. 5].

  Type data:

   Holotype MCZ ♂, Monte Bello Islands.
  Paratype(s) MCZ ♂.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Ecological Descriptors

Shallow subtidal.

Extra Ecological Information

Under stones.

General References

Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [232] (review of status)

History of changes

• Actaea hieroglyphica Odhner, T. 1925. Monographierte Gattungen der Krabbenfamilie Xanthidae. I. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar 29(1): 1-92 figs 1-7 pls 1-5 [55 pl. 3 fig. 18].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH ♂, Holothuria Bank, NW Australia.
  Paratype(s) BMNH 5 specimens, Holothuria Bank, WA.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-Malaysian region.

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 16–46 m.

General References

Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 (questioned whether this species truly belongs to Actaea)

History of changes

• Actaea hystrix Miers, E.J. 1886. Report on the Brachyura collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873–76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 17(49): i-xlix 1-362 pls 1-29 [121 pl. 11 fig. 3].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 84.31 ♀, Cape York, QLD.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Subtidal.

General References

Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [238] (photograph and review of status)

History of changes

Taxonomic Decision for Subspecies Arrangement

• Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [230]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

History of changes

• Actaea peronii occidentalis Odhner, T. 1925. Monographierte Gattungen der Krabbenfamilie Xanthidae. I. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar 29(1): 1-92 figs 1-7 pls 1-5 [58] [as Actaea peroni occidentalis].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MGH 1 specimen, Koombana Bay, Bunbury, SW WA; MGH 1 specimen, Oyster Harbour, Albany Bay, SW WA;
  Status unknown, SW Australia.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31)

Ecological Descriptors

Subtidal.

History of changes

• Xantho peronii Milne Edwards, H. 1834. Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, comprenant l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces Animaux. Paris : Librairie encyclopédique de Roret Vol. 1 xxxv 468 pp. [392].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP B3886S ♀, 'Nouvelle-Hollande'.
• Xantho spinosus Hess, W. 1865. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Decapoden-Krebse Ost-Australiens. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 31: 127-173 pls 6-7 [132 pl. 6 fig. 3].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, ZMG (not located when collection transferred to SMF, therefore probably lost), Sydney, NSW.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [230]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Province (31), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Rock reef, subtidal.

Extra Ecological Information

Rock pools to depths of 130 m, one record associates it with a bryozoan.

History of changes

• Chlorodius polyacanthus Heller, C. 1861. Synopsis der im rothen Meere vorkommenden Crustaceen. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 11: 3-32 [11].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, NHMW (probable depository institution), Red Sea.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (East Africa to Japan and east to Samoa).

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, rock reef, rocky shore, subtidal.

Extra Ecological Information

In cavities in dead coral.

General References

Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [236] (full synonymy and figures)

Morgan, G.J. 1990. A collection of Thalassinidea, Anomura and Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 265: 1-90 [41]

History of changes

• Actaea pura Stimpson, W. 1858. Crustacea Cancroidea et Coryoidea: Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit W. Stimpson. Pars IV. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 10: 31-40 [32].

  Type data:

   Neotype BMNH 1930.12.2.142–143 ♀, Hong Kong.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [217].

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

A. pura is recorded from Australia on the basis that one of Stimpson's original syntypes is recorded from Port Jackson, but this locality is considered doubtful as there have been no confirmed records of this species outside of Hong Kong waters (Davie, P. 2002. Crustacea: Malacostraca: Eucarida (Part 2): Decapoda—Anomura, Brachyura. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3B. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia xiv 641 pp. 511]).

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Reef, subtidal.

History of changes

• Actaea spinosissima Borradaile, L.A. 1902. Marine crustaceans III: The Xanthidae and some other crabs. pp. 237-271, text-figs 41-60 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed.). The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes: Being the account of the work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press Vol. I(Part II) pp. 119–222, pls. VI-XIII. [256 fig. 55].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) UMZC, Mahlos Atoll, Maldive Ils.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (Cargados Garajos to Indonesia).

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

Depths to 50 m.

General References

Calman, W.T. 1900. On a Collection of Brachyura from Torres Straits. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 8(Zool. 1): 1-50 pls 1-3 [10] (recorded from Torres Strait under the misidentification of Actaea peronii squamosa)

Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [114] (photograph and full synonymy)

History of changes

• Actaea squamulosa Odhner, T. 1925. Monographierte Gattungen der Krabbenfamilie Xanthidae. I. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar 29(1): 1-92 figs 1-7 pls 1-5 [59 pl. 4 fig. 2].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 92.4.18.176–184 ♂, Arafura Sea.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory

Extra Distribution Information

Arafura and Sulu Sea.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26)

Ecological Descriptors

Reef, sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

To about 30 m depth.

General References

Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [235] (figures and remarks)

History of changes

• Euxanthus tuberculosus Miers, E.J. 1884. Crustacea. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H.M.S. `Alert' 1881–2. Part I. The collections from Melanesia. Part II. Collections from the western Indian Ocean. London : British Museum. pp. 178–322, 513–575 pls 18–32, 46–51. [182, 205 pl. 19 fig. A].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 58–97 ♂, Thursday Island, Australia.
  Paratype(s) BMNH 82–7 1♂ 2♀; BMNH 58–97 ♂.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

New Caledonia.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, subtidal.

General References

Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [221] (figures and distributional remarks)

History of changes

• Actaeodes Dana, J.D. 1851. On the Classification of the Cancroidea. American Journal of Science and Arts 12(34): 121-131 [126] [gender masculine].

  Type species:

   Zozymus tomentosus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 by original designation.
• Cycloblepas Ortmann, A.E. 1894. Crustaceen. In, Semon, R. Zoologische Forshungreisen in Australien und dem Malayischen Archipel. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 8(1): 1-80 pls 1-3 [53] [gender masculine].

  Type species:

   Cycloblepas semoni Ortmann, 1894 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [240] (full discussion on status of genus and included species)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Timor Province (2), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northwest Transition (3), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Territory of Ashmore & Cartier Islands

History of changes

• Actaea consobrina Milne Edwards, A. 1873. Description de quelques Crustacés nouveaux ou peu connus provenant du Musée de M.C. Godeffroy. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, Hamburg 1(4): 77-88 pls 12, 13 [79].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP B3885S ♀, Upolu, Samoa.
• Actaea suffuscula Rathbun, M.J. 1911. Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner. Vol. III. No. XI. Marine Brachyura. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London Zool. 14(2): 191-261, text-figs 1, 2 pls 15-20 [220 pl. 17 figs 10, 11].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH ♂, Salomon, Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [134]

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (East Africa to Japan and east to Samoa).

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Territory of Ashmore & Cartier Islands

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, reef flat, shallow subtidal.

History of changes

• Xantho hirsutissimus Rüppell, E. 1830. Beschreibung und Abbildung von 24 Arten kurzschwänzigen Krabben, als Beitrag zur Naturgeschichte des rothen Meeres. Frankfurt am Main : H.L. Brönner 28 pp. pls 1-6. [26 pl. 5 fig. 6, pl. 6].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) RMNH D44465 1 dry specimen (the specimen lacks all mouthparts, which evidently were taken out by de Haan and figured by him on pl. D of Fauna Japonica (Crustacea)), Red Sea; RMNH D44466 mouthparts of RMNH D44465, Red Sea; SMF, Red Sea.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Widespread in Indo-west Pacific Oceans (East Africa to Philippines and Ryukyu Islands, and east to Tahiti).

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal.

General References

Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [245] (figures and full synonymy)

History of changes

• Actaeodes modestus de Man, J.G. 1888. Report on the Podophthalmous Crustacea of the Mergui Archipelago, collected for the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, by Dr John Anderson, F.R.S., Superintendent of the Museum. Part V. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 22(140): 241-305 pls 16-19 [257 pl. 9 fig. 3].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMG, Amboina, Indonesia.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indonesia, Gulf of Thailand, Kei Islands.

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, shallow subtidal.

General References

Davie, P. 2002. Crustacea: Malacostraca: Eucarida (Part 2): Decapoda—Anomura, Brachyura. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3B. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia xiv 641 pp. [513] (species appears to be closely related to N. puchella (A. Milne Edwards, 1865))

Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [271] (tentative in placement of this species in Novactaea, since unable to examine any specimens)

History of changes

• Actaeodes mutatus Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [247] [nom. nov. for Actaea areolatus Dana, 1852].

  Type data:

   Neotype.
• Actaea areolatus Dana, J.D. 1852. Conspectus Crustaceorum, etc. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring Expedition under Capt Wilkes, U.S.N., including the Crustacea Cancroidea Corystoidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 6: 73-86 [73] [junior secondary homonym of Acteodes areolatus Dana, 1852].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, (presumed lost), Sulu Sea or Balabac Strait.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific (Mergui Archipelago, to southern Japan, and east to French Polynesia).

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Timor Province (2), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northwest Transition (3), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, shallow subtidal.

General References

Iwasa-Arai, T., McCallum, A.W. & Taylor, J. 2015. Oceanic Shoals Commonwealth Marine Reserve survey reveals new records of xanthid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Xanthidae) from northern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 73: 1–11 [2] (but mistakenly cited as Acteodes sic mutatus and attributed to Ortmann, 1894 in the abstract and claimed to be a first record for Australian waters; however the species was included in Davie (2002: 513), reported from northern Australian waters)

Morgan, G.J. 1990. A collection of Thalassinidea, Anomura and Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 265: 1-90 [41]

History of changes

• Zozymus tomentosus Milne Edwards, H. 1834. Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, comprenant l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces Animaux. Paris : Librairie encyclopédique de Roret Vol. 1 xxxv 468 pp. [385].

  Type data:

   Lectotype MNHP B2257S ♀, Indian Ocean.
  Paralectotype(s) MNHP B2257S ♂, Indian Ocean.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (South Africa to Japan and east to Hawai'i).

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, intertidal.

General References

Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [244] (figures and synonymy)

History of changes

• Epiactaea Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [115] [gender feminine].

  Type species:

   Actaea nodulosa White, 1847 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west central Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

History of changes

• Actaea margaritifera Odhner, T. 1925. Monographierte Gattungen der Krabbenfamilie Xanthidae. I. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar 29(1): 1-92 figs 1-7 pls 1-5 [48 pl. 3 fig. 10].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP B6788 ♀, Aden, Red Sea.
• Actaea nodulosa Henderson, 1893.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (Red Sea to Gulf of Thailand and Kei Islands).

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Reef, subtidal.

General References

Calman, W.T. 1900. On a Collection of Brachyura from Torres Straits. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 8(Zool. 1): 1-50 pls 1-3 [11] (misidentified as Actaea hystrix)

History of changes

• Forestia Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [202, 260] [gender feminine].

  Type species:

   Xantho depressus White, 1847 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

General References

Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [106] (key to species)

History of changes

• Actaea depressa abrolhensis Montgomery, S.K. 1931. Report on the Crustacea Brachyura of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Abrolhos Islands under the leadership of Professor W.J. Dakin, in 1913; along with other crabs from Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 37: 405-465 1 text-fig. pls 24-30 [438].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH ♂ ♀, Abrolhos Islands, WA.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indian Ocean (Zanzibar).

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Shallow subtidal.

History of changes

• Actaea scabra Odhner, T. 1925. Monographierte Gattungen der Krabbenfamilie Xanthidae. I. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar 29(1): 1-92 figs 1-7 pls 1-5 [37 fig. 2, pl. 2 fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP ♂, îles de la Sonde.
  Paratype(s) AM P5579
  Comment: Guinot (1976) considered that Actaea scabra Odhner, 1925, was a new name based on a misidentified record of Cancer scaber Fabricius, 1798, by H. Milne Edwards (1834) (as Xantho scaber), and that that specimen is thus the holotype. In the Australian Museum there are two specimens from Holbourn Island, N QLD, Australia, that were examined by Odhner as part of his description, and are arguably syntypes. Alternatively, Guinot's action could be inferred to be a lectotype designation.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (Vietnam, Malaysia, Sonde Islands, possibly to Marquises Islands).

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Reef, shallow subtidal.

History of changes

• Gaillardiellus Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [202, 252] [gender masculine].

  Type species:

   Cancer (Aegle) rueppelli Krauss, 1843 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west central Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Timor Province (2), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northwest Transition (3), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

History of changes

• Cancer (Aegle) rueppelli Krauss, F. 1843. Die Südafrikanischen Crustaceen. Eine Zusammenstellung aller bekannten Malacostraca, Bemerkungen über deren Lebenweise und geographische Verbreitung, nebst Beschreibung und Abbildung mehrer neuen Arten. Stuttgart : E. Scheizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 68 pp. 4 pls. [28 pl. 1 fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype SMNS 797 ♂, Natal, South Africa.
• Aegle rugata White, 1848.
• Actaea pilosa Stimpson, W. 1858. Crustacea Cancroidea et Coryoidea: Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit W. Stimpson. Pars IV. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 10: 31-40 [31].

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (East Africa to Vietnam, Samoa, and New Caledonia).

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, subtidal.

Extra Ecological Information

Associated with coral on sand to mudy-sand substrates, depth to 110 m.

History of changes

• Actaea superciliaris Odhner, T. 1925. Monographierte Gattungen der Krabbenfamilie Xanthidae. I. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar 29(1): 1-92 figs 1-7 pls 1-5 [49 pl. 3 fig. 11, 11a].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) NHRM 1 specimen, Cocos-Keeling Is.; MGH 2 specimens, Palau Ils; ZMG, Marshall Ils; NHRM, Marshall Ils; ZMG, Gilbert Ils; NHRM, Gilbert Ils; MGH, Samoa; UZM, Honolulu.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

East Indo-west Central Pacific (in Indian Ocean only from Cocos-Keeling Islands, widespread in Pacific to Hawai'i, and French Polynesia).

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, subtidal.

Extra Ecological Information

To about 75 m depth.

History of changes

• Novactaea Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [267] [gender feminine].

  Type species:

   Novactaea bella Guinot, 1976 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indian Ocean, north-west Pacific Ocean.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

History of changes

• Actaea michaelseni Odhner, T. 1925. Monographierte Gattungen der Krabbenfamilie Xanthidae. I. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar 29(1): 1-92 figs 1-7 pls 1-5 [43 pl. 5 fig. 4].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMH ♀, Shark Bay, WA.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Shallow subtidal.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 0.5–3 m.

History of changes

• Paractaea Guinot, D. 1969. Sur divers Xanthidae, notamment sur Actaea de Haan et Paractaea gen. nov. (Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura). Cahiers du Pacifique 13: 223-267 figs 1-36 [241] [gender feminine].

  Type species:

   Xantho rufopunctatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

General References

Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [121] (key to species)

History of changes

• Paractaea plumosa Guinot, D. 1976. Constitution de quelques groupes naturels chez les Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures. I. La super-famille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthoidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 97: 1-308 figs 1-47 pls 1-19 [248].

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Also from Japan, Kiribati, Tuvalu, Marutea, the Nicobars, and Madagascar

IMCRA

Christmas Island Province (23), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northeast Shelf Province (40)

General References

Iwasa-Arai, T., McCallum, A.W. & Taylor, J. 2015. Oceanic Shoals Commonwealth Marine Reserve survey reveals new records of xanthid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Xanthidae) from northern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 73: 1–11 [3]

History of changes

• Xantho rufopunctatus Milne Edwards, H. 1834. Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, comprenant l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces Animaux. Paris : Librairie encyclopédique de Roret Vol. 1 xxxv 468 pp. [389].

  Type data:

   Neotype USNM ♀, Mauritius.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Guinot, D. 1969. Sur divers Xanthidae, notamment sur Actaea de Haan et Paractaea gen. nov. (Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura). Cahiers du Pacifique 13: 223-267 figs 1-36 [246].

Taxonomic Decision for Subspecies Arrangement

• Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [121]
• Davie, P. 2002. Crustacea: Malacostraca: Eucarida (Part 2): Decapoda—Anomura, Brachyura. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3B. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia xiv 641 pp. [515] (Guinot (1969) and Serène (1984) proposed a number of new names as 'forms' of P. rufopunctata; these presumably are equivalent to subspecies, but are nomenclaturally invalid under the ICZN (1999))

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

History of changes

• Psaumis Kossmann, R. 1877. Malacostraca (1. Theil: Brachyura). Chapter Erste Halfte, III. 1-66 pls 1-3 in Kossmann, R. (ed.). Zoologische Ergebnisse einer im Auftrage der Königlichen Academie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin ausgeführten Reise in die Küstengebiete des Rothen Meeres. Leipzig : W. Engelmann. [26] [gender feminine].

  Type species:

   Cancer fossulatus Girard, 1859 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (South Africa to Japan, east to French Polynesia, and south to New Caledonia).

IMCRA

Timor Province (2), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Northwest Transition (3), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

General References

Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [129] (resurrection of genus name and disussion of affinities)

History of changes

• Actaeodes cavipes Dana, J.D. 1852. Conspectus Crustaceorum, etc. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring Expedition under Capt Wilkes, U.S.N., including the Crustacea Cancroidea Corystoidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 6: 73-86 [78].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) ANSP, Fiji and Samoa; USNM (probably no longer extant), Fiji and Samoa.
• Actaea cellulosa Dana, J.D. 1852. Crustacea, Part 1. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. 13(1): 1-685 [164 pl. 8 fig. 2].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, (presumed lost), Tutuila Is., Samoa.
• Cancer fossulatus Girard, C. 1859. Note monographique sur les genres Crabe et Platycarcin, avec indication d'espèces nouvelles. (Famille des Cancérides. Ordre des Décapodes. Section des Brachyoures. Classe des Crustacés). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 3 7: 143-162 pl. 4 [149 pl. 4 fig. 2].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Red Sea.
• Actaea schmardae Heller, C. 1861. Beiträge zur Crustaceen-Fauna des rothen Meeres. Erster Theil. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematischen-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München 43(1): 297-374 pls 1-4 [318 pl. 1 fig. 13].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, ZMV (probable depository institution), Red Sea.
• Glyptoxanthus cymbifer Rathbun, M.J. 1914. Stalk-eyed Crustaceans collected at the Monte Bello Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1914: 653-664 pls 1, 2 [658 pl. 1 fig. 6, pl. 2].

  Type data:

   Holotype ♂, Monte Bello Islands.
  Paratype(s) MCZ ♀ (probably depository institution).

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [129]

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (South Africa to Japan, east to French Polynesia, and south to New Caledonia).

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, shallow subtidal.

History of changes

• Pseudoliomera Odhner, T. 1925. Monographierte Gattungen der Krabbenfamilie Xanthidae. I. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar 29(1): 1-92 figs 1-7 pls 1-5 [79] [gender feminine].

  Type species:

   Liomera granosimana A. Milne Edwards, 1865 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west central Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Timor Province (2), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Transition (3), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

General References

Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [99] (key to species)

History of changes

• Liomera granosimana Milne Edwards, A. 1865. Études zoologiques sur les Crustacés récents de la famille des Cancériens. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 1: 177-380 pls 11-19 [222 pl. 11 fig. 5, 5a].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MNHP, New Caledonia.
• Pseudoliomera natalensis Ward, M. 1935. Notes on a collection of crabs from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 9: 5-28 pls 1-3 [Dated as 1934 but published in Feb 1935, see Low & Tan (2009)] [11 pl. 3 fig. 2, 2a].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH ♂, Christmas Island.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [100]

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (Red Sea to Tahiti).

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, reef flat.

History of changes

• Actaea helleri Milne Edwards, A. 1865. Études zoologiques sur les Crustacés récents de la famille des Cancériens. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 1: 177-380 pls 11-19 [270 pl. 17 fig. 3].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MNHP, locality unknown.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (Mauritius, Red Sea, Arafura Sea, Indonesia, Japan).

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31)

Ecological Descriptors

Reef, subtidal.

Extra Ecological Information

Rocky substrates, depth 15 to 35 m.

History of changes

• Pseudoliomera lata (Borradaile, 1902).

  Type data:

   Holotype Maldives.

  Type locality references:

  Borradaile, L.A. 1902. Marine crustaceans III: The Xanthidae and some other crabs. pp. 237-271, text-figs 41-60 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed.). The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes: Being the account of the work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press Vol. I(Part II) pp. 119–222, pls. VI-XIII.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Borradaile, L.A. 1902. Marine crustaceans III: The Xanthidae and some other crabs. pp. 237-271, text-figs 41-60 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed.). The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes: Being the account of the work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press Vol. I(Part II) pp. 119–222, pls. VI-XIII.

Generic Combinations

• Pseudoliomera lata (Borradaile, 1902).

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Christmas Island, Maldives and Japan.

IMCRA

Christmas Island Province (23)

Distribution References

History of changes

• Actaeodes speciosa Dana, J.D. 1852. Crustacea, Part 1. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. 13(1): 1-685 [198 pl. 11 fig. 4a-c].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, (presumed lost), Tutuila, Samoa Group.
• Actaeodes nodipes Heller, C. 1861. Beiträge zur Crustaceen-Fauna des rothen Meeres. Erster Theil. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematischen-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München 43(1): 297-374 pls 1-4 [329 pl. 1 fig. 19].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, ZMV (probable depository institution), Red Sea.
• Psaumis glabra Kossmann, R. 1877. Malacostraca (1. Theil: Brachyura). Chapter Erste Halfte, III. 1-66 pls 1-3 in Kossmann, R. (ed.). Zoologische Ergebnisse einer im Auftrage der Königlichen Academie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin ausgeführten Reise in die Küstengebiete des Rothen Meeres. Leipzig : W. Engelmann. [27 pl. 1 fig. 4, pl. 3].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Red Sea.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [101]

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (East Africa to Japan and east to Hawai'i).

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, reef flat, shallow subtidal.

History of changes

• Lophactaea violacea A. Milne-Edwards, 1873.

  Type data:

   Holotype New Caledonia.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Christmas Island, Ambon and New Caledonia.

IMCRA

Christmas Island Province (23)

Distribution References

History of changes

• Chlorodiellinae Ng, P.K.L. & Holthuis, L.B. 2007. Case 3394. Etisus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 and Chlorodiella Rathbun, 1897 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura): proposed conservation of the generic names by suppression of the generic name Clorodius A. G. Desmarest, 1823. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 64(1): 19–24.

  Type genus:

   Chlorodiella Rathbun, 1907.

Introduction

The name Clorodius Desmarest, 1823, has been suppressed by ICZN (2008) in Opinion 2204, and as such, Chlorodius H. Milne Edwards, 1834, Chlorodius Agassiz, 1846, and Fucicola Gistel, 1848, all replacement names for Desmarest’s name, are also not available. The genus Chlorodius H. Milne Edwards, 1834, and subfamily Chlorodinae Dana, 1851, have long been associated with the Xanthidae sensu stricto, but the original descriptions make the matter complex. Opinion 2204 and the Ng & Holthuis (2007) paper resolves the nomenclatural problems by establishing a new name for the subfamily, Chlorodiellinae.

Diagnosis

Carapace with dorsal surface granular or smooth; regions well to poorly delineated. Anterolateral margin typically with four teeth behind exorbital angle (sometimes only two or three), varying in shape from rounded lobules to strong spines; clearly differentiated from posterolateral margin. Front weakly projecting, typically with two large submedian lobes and two small lateral lobules, but may be nearly straight; breadth more than one-third maximum carapace width. Antennules fold transversely. Basal antennal article without (or with a feeble) outer anterolateral lobule; antennal flagellum excluded from orbit. Chelipeds with extremities of fingers rounded and spoon-shaped. Walking legs with dactylo-propodal articulation formed by rounded prolongation of propodal lateral margin sliding against and beneath projecting button situated proximally on lateral margin of dactylus.

General References

ICZN 2008. OPINION 2204 (Case 3394) Etisus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 and Chlorodiella Rathbun, 1897 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura): conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 65(3): 225-226

History of changes

• Chlorodiella Rathbun, M.J. 1897. A revision of the nomenclature of the Brachyura. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 11: 153-167 [157] [gender feminine].

  Type species:

   Cancer nigra Forsskål, 1775 by subsequent designation, see Ng, P.K.L. & Holthuis, L.B. 2007. Case 3394. Etisus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 and Chlorodiella Rathbun, 1897 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura): proposed conservation of the generic names by suppression of the generic name Clorodius A. G. Desmarest, 1823. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 64(1): 19–24; ICZN 2008. OPINION 2204 (Case 3394) Etisus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 and Chlorodiella Rathbun, 1897 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura): conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 65(3): 225-226.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Lord Howe Province (14), Timor Province (2), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Transition (3), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

General References

Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [254] (key to species)

History of changes

• Chlorodius barbatus Borradaile, L.A. 1900. On some Crustaceans from the South Pacific. Part IV. The crabs. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1900(3): 568-596 pls 40-42 [587 pl. 41 fig. 4-4c].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) UMZC 11♂ 7♀, Rotuma.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Widespread Indo-west Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, shallow subtidal.

General References

Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [260] (full synonymy and distribution)

History of changes

• Chlorodius cytherea Dana, J.D. 1852. Conspectus Crustaceorum, etc. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring Expedition under Capt Wilkes, U.S.N., including the Crustacea Cancroidea Corystoidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 6: 73-86 [79].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, (presumed lost), Tahiti, Hawai'i and Paumotu.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (Madagascar to Japan and east to Hawai'i and French Polynesia).

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, shallow subtidal.

General References

Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [259] (full synonymy)

History of changes

• Chlorodius laevissima Dana, J.D. 1852. Crustacea, Part 1. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. 13(1): 1-685 [215 pl. 12 figs 4a-g].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, (presumed lost), Hawai'i (as Sandwich Islands).
• ?Menippe martensii Krauss, F. 1843. Die Südafrikanischen Crustaceen. Eine Zusammenstellung aller bekannten Malacostraca, Bemerkungen über deren Lebenweise und geographische Verbreitung, nebst Beschreibung und Abbildung mehrer neuen Arten. Stuttgart : E. Scheizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 68 pp. 4 pls. [34].

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, rock reef, shallow subtidal.

General References

Sakai, T. 1976. Crabs of Japan and the Adjacent Seas. Tokyo : Kodansha 3 vols xxix 773 pp. [English vol.]; 1–16, 251 pls [Plates vol.]; 461 pp. [Japanese vol.]. [465] (full synonymy and distribution)

History of changes

• Cancer nigra Forsskål, P. 1775. Descriptiones Animalium Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quæ in Itinere Orientali observavit Petrus Forskål. Post Mortem Auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est Materia Medica Kakirina atque Tabula Maris Rubri Geographica. Hauniæ : Mölleri 1-19, i-xxxiv, 164 pp., 1 map. [89].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMUC, Djeddah, Red Sea.
• Chlorodius nebulosus Dana, J.D. 1852. Conspectus Crustaceorum, etc. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring Expedition under Capt Wilkes, U.S.N., including the Crustacea Cancroidea Corystoidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 6: 73-86 [80].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, (presumed lost), Sulu Sea.
• Chlorodius depressus Heller, C. 1861. Beiträge zur Crustaceen-Fauna des rothen Meeres. Erster Theil. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematischen-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München 43(1): 297-374 pls 1-4 [338].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Red Sea.
• Cancer clymene Herbst, J.F.W. 1801. Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse nebst einer Systematischen Beischreibung ihrer Verschieden Arten. Berlin & Stralsund : Gottlieb August Lange Vol. 3 Pt 2 pp. 1–46 pls 51–54. [41].
• ?Chlorodius hirtipes White, A. 1848. Short descriptions of new or little known decapod Crustacea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [1847]15: 222-228 [226].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Morgan, G.J. 1990. A collection of Thalassinidea, Anomura and Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 265: 1-90 [42]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west-central Pacific Oceans (East Africa to Japan and east to Hawai'i and French Polynesia).

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Lord Howe Province (14), Christmas Island Province (23), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, rock reef, shallow subtidal.

History of changes

• Chlorodiella xishaensis Chen, H.-L. & Lan, J. 1978. Preliminary studies on the Xanthidae (Brachyura, Crustacea) of Xisha Islands, Guangdong Province, China. pp. 261–286, figs 1–12 pls in, Report on the Scientific Results of Marine Biology of the Xisha Islands and Zongsha Islands (South China Sea). Academia Sinica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology. [271, 285 figs 6, 7 (10-11), pl. 2 fig. 6].

  Type data:

   Holotype IOQ (probable depository institution), Xisha Islands, China.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (Madagascar, South China Sea, Philippines).

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, shallow subtidal.

General References

Davie, P. 2002. Crustacea: Malacostraca: Eucarida (Part 2): Decapoda—Anomura, Brachyura. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3B. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia xiv 641 pp. [519] (specimens of this species from Middleton Reef were misidentified as C. oshimai in <3885>)

History of changes

• Cyclodius Dana, J.D. 1851. On the Classification of the Cancroidea. American Journal of Science and Arts 12(34): 121-131 [gender masculine].

  Type species:

   Cyclodius ornatus Dana, 1852 by subsequent designation, see Rathbun, M.J. 1922. Opinion 73. Five generic names in Crinoidea, eighty-six generic names in Crustacea, and eight generic names in Acarina, placed on the Official List of Generic Names. Opin. rend. Internat. Comm. Zool. Nomencl. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 73(1): 23-31.
• Phymodius Milne Edwards, A. 1863. Monographie des Crustacés fossiles de la famille des Cancériens. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris 20: 273-324 pls 5-12 [283] [introduced as a subgenus in Chlorodius; gender masculine].

  Type species:

   Chlorodius ungulatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834 by subsequent designation, see Rathbun, M.J. 1930. The cancroid crabs of America of the families Euryalidae, Portunidae, Atelecyclidae, Cancridae and Xanthidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 152: i-xvi 1-609, text-figs 1-85 pls 1-230 [294].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Forest, J. & Guinot, D. 1961. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de Tahiti et des Tuamotu. Expedition française sur les recifs coralliens de la Nouvelle–Calédonie. Volume préliminaire. Paris. pp. ix-xi, 1-195 178, text-figs 18 pls [104-106] (definitely established that the two names were subjective synonyms by demonstrating that the type species of Cyclodius, C. ornatus Dana, 1852 is a junior synonym of Phymodius monticulosus (Dana, 1852) [= Cyclodius obscurus (Jacquinot, 1846)], but continued to use the junior generic name Phymodius)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west central Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Lord Howe Province (14), Timor Province (2), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Transition (3), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Other Regions

Cocos (Keeling) Islands terrestrial & freshwater, Territory of Ashmore & Cartier Islands

General References

Davie, P. 2002. Crustacea: Malacostraca: Eucarida (Part 2): Decapoda—Anomura, Brachyura. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3B. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia xiv 641 pp. [520] (presenting alternative taxonomic arrangement the present treatment of Phymodius A. Milne Edwards, 1863, as a junior subjective synonym of Cyclodius Dana, 1851, is a significant departure from recent practice. Forest & Guinot (1961: 104–109) argued convincingly that the type species of Cyclodius is a junior synonym of Phymodius monticulosus (Dana, 1852) [= Cyclodius obscurus (Jacquinot, 1846)], commenting that Dana's specimens was juvenile, and that this had led to a long history of confusion. This action meant effectively that Cyclodius should have been resurrected as the senior available name. Forest & Guinot realised that this was the strictly correct course of action, but made the decision to continue using the more widely accepted name Phymodius with the codicil that they intended to apply to the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature to suppress Cyclodius and conserve Phymodius. This action was never undertaken, but also seems completely unjustified. Cyclodius was used by a number of authors, either generically or subgenerically, during the twentieth century, and despite the juvenile state of the type specimens of the originally included species, C. ornatus and C. gracilis, the fact that Cyclodius and Phymodius are congeneric is not currently disputed. Therefore, the use of Cyclodius is a simple case of priority)

Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [245] (key to species)

History of changes

• Phymodius drachi Guinot, 1964.

  Type data:

   Holotype Madagascar.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Red Sea, Madgascar, Kenya, Mayotte and the Xisha Islands.

IMCRA

Christmas Island Province (23)

Distribution References

History of changes

• Pilodius granulatus Targioni Tozzetti, A. 1877. Crostacei Brachiuri e Anomuri. In, Zoologia del viaggion intorno al gobo della R. Pirocorvetta Magenta durante gli anni 1865–68. Pubblicazioni del R. Istituto di Studi Superiori Pratici e di Perfezionamento in Firenze 1: i-xxix 1-257 pls 1-12 [50] [junior primary homonym of Pilodius granulatus Stimpson, 1858, however, under UCZN (1999: Art. 23.9.5), granulatus is retained following common usage, pending application to the ICZN].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MZUF, Red Sea.
• Chlorodopsis arabica Laurie, R.D. 1915. On the Brachyura. Reports on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea, from collections made by Cyril Crossland, M.A., B. Sc., F.Z.S., XXI. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 31: 407-475 figs 1-5 pls 42-45 [450].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH ♂, Red Sea.
• Chlorodiella inoequalis Klunzinger, C.B. 1913. Die Rundkrabben (Cyclometopa) des Roten Meeres. Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum 99(2): 103-402 figs 1-14 pls 5-11 [155].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [250]

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (with certainty only from Red Sea and Persian Gulf).

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, shallow subtidal.

History of changes

• Cyclodius granulosus de Man, J.G. 1888. Bericht über die von Herrn Dr. J. Brock im indischen Archipel gesammelten Decapoden und Stomatopoden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 53(1): 215-600 pls 7-22, 22a [for publication date Clark, P.F., Harrison, K. & Goodman, S.L. 1990. Brock's Indian Archipelago Decapoda and Stomatopoda by De Man: 1887 or 1888?. Arch. Nat. Hist. 17(1): 79–80] [283 pl. 11 fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Amboina [Ambon], Indonesia.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (Madagascar, Indonesia, Ryukyu Islands).

Other Regions

Territory of Ashmore & Cartier Islands

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, coral reef, rock reef, shallow subtidal.

General References

Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [252] (full synonymy and distribution)

History of changes

• Pilodius nitidus Dana, J.D. 1852. Conspectus Crustaceorum, etc. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring Expedition under Capt Wilkes, U.S.N., including the Crustacea Cancroidea Corystoidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 6: 73-86 [80].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, (presumed lost), 'Tutuila' Samoa.
• Chlorodius sculptus Milne Edwards, A. 1873. Recherches sur la faune carcinologique de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Pt. 2. Groupe des Cyclometopes Neptunens. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 9: 155-332 pls 4-18 [217].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, MNHP, Seychelles and Samoa.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [249]

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west central Pacific Oceans (Madagascar and Zanzibar to Japan and east to Hawai'i).

IMCRA

Christmas Island Province (23), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, reef flat.

Extra Ecological Information

Under rocks and coral.

History of changes

• Chlorodius obscurus Jacquinot, H. in Hombron, J.B. & Jacquinot, H. 1846. Atlas d'Histoire Naturelle Zoologie par MM. Hombron et Jacquinot, chirurgiens de l'expédition. In, Voyage au pôle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les Corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 sous les commandement de M. Dumont d'Urville capitaine de vaisseau publié sous les auspices du département de la marine et sous la direction superieure de M. Jacquinot, capitaine de Vaisseau, commandant de La Zelee. Livraison 18. Oiseaux pl. 21; Crustacés pls 3, 4; Insectes coléoptères pls 16, 17. Paris : Gide et Cie. [pl. 3 fig. 4].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MNHP, Samoa.
• Chlorodius monticulosus Dana, J.D. 1852. Conspectus Crustaceorum, etc. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring Expedition under Capt Wilkes, U.S.N., including the Crustacea Cancroidea Corystoidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 6: 73-86 [79].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, (presumed lost), Fiji, Tahiti, Samoa and Balabac.
• Cyclodius ornatus Dana, J.D. 1852. Conspectus Crustaceorum, etc. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring Expedition under Capt Wilkes, U.S.N., including the Crustacea Cancroidea Corystoidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 6: 73-86 [80].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, (presumed lost), Sulu Sea.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Forest, J. & Guinot, D. 1961. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de Tahiti et des Tuamotu. Expedition française sur les recifs coralliens de la Nouvelle–Calédonie. Volume préliminaire. Paris. pp. ix-xi, 1-195 178, text-figs 18 pls [106]

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west central Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Other Regions

Cocos (Keeling) Islands terrestrial & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, rock reef, shallow subtidal.

General References

Clark, P.F. & Crosnier, A. 2000. The zoology of the Voyage au pôle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la Zélée; exécuté par ordre du roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 sous le commandement de M. Dumont-d'Urville (1842–1854): titles, volumes, plates, text, contents, proposed dates and anecdotal history of the publication. Archives of Natural History 27(3): 407-435 [416] (established correct date of publication for Chlorodius obscurus)

Holthuis, L.B. 1953. Enumeration of the decapod and stomatopod Crustacea from Pacific coral islands. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 24: 1-66 [24] (recorded C. obscurus from Gilbert Islands)

Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [250]

History of changes

• Chlorodius ungulatus Milne Edwards, H. 1834. Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, comprenant l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces Animaux. Paris : Librairie encyclopédique de Roret Vol. 1 xxxv 468 pp. [400 pl. 16 figs 6-8].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MNHP, Australasia.
• Chlorodius (Cyclodius) gracilis Dana, J.D. 1852. Conspectus Crustaceorum, etc. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring Expedition under Capt Wilkes, U.S.N., including the Crustacea Cancroidea Corystoidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 6: 73-86 [80].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, (lost), Samoa.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [251]

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west central Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, reef flat, shallow subtidal.

Extra Ecological Information

Under rocks and coral.

History of changes

• Liocarpilodes Klunzinger, C.B. 1913. Die Rundkrabben (Cyclometopa) des Roten Meeres. Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum 99(2): 103-402 figs 1-14 pls 5-11 [141] [gender masculine].

  Type species:

   Actaeodes integerrimus Dana, 1852 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Timor Province (2), Christmas Island Province (23), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

General References

Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [261] (key to species)

History of changes

• Pilodius harmsi Balss, H. 1934. Die Krabben der Reise J.W. Harms' nach der Christmas-Insel und dem Malaiischen Archipel. Zoologischer Anzeiger 106(10): 225-237 figs 1-12 [228 fig. 2].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Christmas Is. and Malay Archipelago.
• Chlorodopsis natalensis Ward, M. 1935. Notes on a collection of crabs from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 9: 5-28 pls 1-3 [Dated as 1934 but published in Feb 1935, see Low & Tan (2009)] [21 pl. 1 fig. 6, 6a].

  Type data:

   Holotype ♂, Christmas Island.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [263]

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (Aldabra and Christmas Islands, Indonesia, Japan, New Caledonia and French Polynesia).

IMCRA

Christmas Island Province (23)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, shallow subtidal.

History of changes

• Actaeodes integerrimus Dana, J.D. 1852. Crustacea, Part 1. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. 13(1): 1-685 [201 pl. 11 fig. 7].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, (presumed lost), Oahu or Maui, Hawai'ian Islands (as Sandwich Islands).
• Pseudozius coralliophilus Borradaile, L.A. 1902. Marine crustaceans III: The Xanthidae and some other crabs. pp. 237-271, text-figs 41-60 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed.). The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes: Being the account of the work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press Vol. I(Part II) pp. 119–222, pls. VI-XIII. [241 fig. 43].

  Type data:

   Holotype CUMZ ♂, Minikoi.
• Chlorodiella asper Edmondson, C.H. 1925. Crustacea. In Marine Zoology of Tropical Central Pacific (Tanager Expedition, Publication I). Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 27: 3-62 figs 1-8 pls 1-4 [44 fig. 7f-i, pl. 3, C].

  Type data:

   Holotype BPBM 1810 ♀, Johnston Island.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [263]

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (Madagascar to Vietnam, Philippines, and east to Hawai'i).

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, low intertidal, shallow subtidal.

History of changes