Introduction

All previously described synxenid genera were synonymised with Phryssonotus by Hoffman (1980).

General References

Hoffman, R.L. 1980. Classification of the Diplopoda. Geneva : Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Genève 238 pp.

History of changes

• Phryssonotus Scudder, S.H. 1885. [tile unknown]. Zittel, Handbuch der Paleontologie, Paleozoologie 2: 731 [731] [nom. nov. for Lophonotus Menge, 1854].

  Type species:

   Lophonotus hystrix Menge, 1854 by subsequent designation (Baltic amber).

  Secondary source:

   Jeekel, C.A.W. 1971. Nomenclator generum et familiarum Diplopodorum: a list of the genus and family-group names in the Class Diplopoda from the 10th edition of Linnaeus, 1758, to the end of 1957. Monografieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging 5: i-xii, 1-412 [Date published 15 February 1971] [4].
• Lophonotus Menge, A. 1854. in Koch, C.L. & Berendt, G.C. Die im Bernstein befindlichen Crustaceen, Myriapoden, Arachniden und Apteren der Vorwelt. In Berendt, G.C. Die im Bernstein befindlichen organischen Reste der Vorwelt. 1(2): 1-[12] pls 1-17. [12] [junior homonym of Lophonotus Stephens, 1829 (Lep.), Lophonotus Macquart, 1839 (Dipt.), Lophonotus Costa, 1862 (Polych.)].

  Type species:

   Lophonotus hystrix Menge, 1854 by original designation.
• Synxenus Silvestri, F. 1900. Nuovo genere di Polyxenidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger 23: 113-114 [114] [junior subjective synonym of Phryssonotus Scudder, 1885].

  Type species:

   Synxenus orientalis Silvestri, 1900 by original designation (Uruguay).

  Secondary source:

   Jeekel, C.A.W. 1971. Nomenclator generum et familiarum Diplopodorum: a list of the genus and family-group names in the Class Diplopoda from the 10th edition of Linnaeus, 1758, to the end of 1957. Monografieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging 5: i-xii, 1-412 [Date published 15 February 1971] [5].
• Schindalmonotus Attems, C. 1926. Myriopoda. pp. 1-402 in Kükenthal, W. & Krumbach, T. (eds). Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches. Progoneata, Chilopoda, Insecta I. Berlin & Leipzig : Walter de Gruyter & Co. Vol. 4(1). [113].

  Secondary source:

   Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M. & Geoffroy, J.-J. 2003. A revised comprehensive checklist, relational database, and taxonomic system of reference for the bristly millipedes of the world (Diplopoda, Polyxenida). African Invertebrates 44: 89-101.
• Koubanus Attems, C.G. 1928. The Myriopoda of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 26: 1-431 [198].

  Secondary source:

   Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M. & Geoffroy, J.-J. 2003. A revised comprehensive checklist, relational database, and taxonomic system of reference for the bristly millipedes of the world (Diplopoda, Polyxenida). African Invertebrates 44: 89-101.
• Kubanus Attems, C. 1926. Myriopoda. pp. 1-402 in Kükenthal, W. & Krumbach, T. (eds). Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches. Progoneata, Chilopoda, Insecta I. Berlin & Leipzig : Walter de Gruyter & Co. Vol. 4(1). [113].

  Secondary source:

   Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M. & Geoffroy, J.-J. 2003. A revised comprehensive checklist, relational database, and taxonomic system of reference for the bristly millipedes of the world (Diplopoda, Polyxenida). African Invertebrates 44: 89-101.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Hoffman, R.L. 1980. Classification of the Diplopoda. Geneva : Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Genève 238 pp. [53]

Introduction

A genus with eight species (Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin & Geoffroy 2003), two described from amber. Only P. novaehollandiae is known from Australia. A Phryssonotus tentatively identified as P. capensis, a South African species, was collected in Queensland (Condé & Duy-Jacquemin 1984), but the identification is regarded as doubtful (Short & Huynh 2006).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Channel Country (CHC), Central Ranges (CR), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Gawler (GAW), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Kanmantoo (KAN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), Nullarbor (NUL), Pilbara (PIL), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP) ; Tas, Vic: Flinders (FLI), South East Coastal Plain (SCP) ; WA: Esperance Plains (ESP)

General References

Condé, B. & Duy-Jacquemin, M.N. 1984. Diplopodes pénicillates de Papouasie et de Borneo. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 91(1): 47-55 (unidentified Phryssonotus recorded from near Buderim, Qld)

Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M. & Geoffroy, J.-J. 2003. A revised comprehensive checklist, relational database, and taxonomic system of reference for the bristly millipedes of the world (Diplopoda, Polyxenida). African Invertebrates 44: 89-101

Short, M. & Huynh, C. 2006. Redescription of Phryssonotus novaehollandiae (Silvestri, 1923) with details of post-embryonic stadia. Norwegian Journal of Entomology 53: 211-222

History of changes

• Phryssonotus australis Huynh, C. & Veenstra, A.A. 2017. Two new species of Phryssonotus (Diplopoda : Synxenidae) from southern and western Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 65: 248-256 [published online 23 February 2018] [254].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMV K-13781 ♀, Point Addis, VIC [38°23'1.95''S 144°14'57.78''E].
  Paratype(s) NMV K-13782–K-13787 6♀, Point Addis, VIC [38°23'1.95''S 144°14'57.78''E].

Distribution

States

Tasmania, Victoria

IBRA

Tas, Vic: Flinders (FLI), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

History of changes

• Synxenus novaehollandiae Silvestri, F. 1923. Notizia della presenza del genere Synxenus (Myriapoda Diplopoda) in Catalogna e descrizione di quattro specie. Treballs del Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona 4(5): 5-15 [14].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown juvenile, Mt Lofty near Adelaide, SA
  Comment: Short & Huynh (2006) unsuccessfully attempted to locate the type prior to their redescription of P. novaehollandiae.

Generic Combinations

• Phryssonotus novaehollandiae (Silvestri, 1923). —
  Condé, B. 1954. Les diplopodes Pénicillates de l'ambre et la faune actuelle. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 79(1): 74-78 [78]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Channel Country (CHC), Central Ranges (CR), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Gawler (GAW), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Kanmantoo (KAN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), Nullarbor (NUL), Pilbara (PIL), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Nothing known.

General References

Car, C.A., Short, M., Huynh, C. & Harvey, M.S. 2013. The millipedes of Barrow Island, Western Australia (Diplopoda). Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 83: 209–219 [214]

History of changes

• Phryssonotus occidentalis Huynh, C. & Veenstra, A.A. 2017. Two new species of Phryssonotus (Diplopoda : Synxenidae) from southern and western Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 65: 248-256 [published online 23 February 2018] [255].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM T144600 ♂, Fitzgerald River National Park, Whoobarup Range, WA [33°56’20”S, 119°50’52”E].
  Paratype(s) WAM T80751 2♂, 3♀, Fitzgerald River National Park, Whoobarup Range, WA [33°56’20”S, 119°50’52”E].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IBRA

WA: Esperance Plains (ESP)

History of changes