• Phalloceros Eigenmann, C.H. 1907. The poecilid fishes of Rio Grande do Sur and the La Plata Basin. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 32: 425-433 [431].

  Type species:

   Girardinus caudimaculatus Hensel, 1868 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Fresh waters of eastern South America.

IBRA

NSW, NT, SA, WA: Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Sydney Basin (SB), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA)

History of changes

• Gerardinus caudimaculatus Hensel, R. 1868. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Wirbelthiere Südbrasiliens. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 34: 356-375 [362].

  Type data:

   Lectotype ZMB 7425 (type locality as Río Grande do Sul, Brazil), Costa da Serra, São Leopoldo, Brazil.
  Paralectotype(s) ZMB 7425; ZMB 31496; BMNH 1894.5.18.60 (possible paralectotype); ZMB 33220.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Lucinda, P.H.F. 2008. Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), with the description of twenty-one new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 6(2): 113-158 [121].

Introduction

Often misidentified as Gambusia sp.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known from Perth (31°57'S, 115°55'E), Sydney (33°43'S, 151°19'E), Trephina Gorge Nature Park, East MacDonnell Ranges, 85 kilometres east of Alice Springs, and south of Adelaide (35°24'S, 138° 35'E), also introduced into Lake Eyre drainage, apparently unsuccessfully; tropical, temperate.

Introduced from South America, via aquarium trade.

IBRA

NSW, NT, SA, WA: Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Sydney Basin (SB), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Freshwater, omnivore, pelagic.

General References

Allen, G.R., Midgley, S.H. & Allen, M. 2002. Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 394 pp. [365]

Harris, J.H. 2013. 11. Fishes from elsewhere. pp. 259-282 in Humphries, P. & Walker, K. (eds). Ecology of Australian Freshwater Fishes. Collingwood, Victoria : CSIRO Publishing 423 pp. [265]

Merrick, J.R. & Schmida, G.E. 1984. Australian Freshwater Fishes Biology and Management. Sydney : J.R. Merrick 409 pp. figs 280 col. figs. [340]

Rowley, J.J.L., Rayner, T.S. & Pyke, G.H. 2005. New records and invasive potential of the poeciliid fish Phalloceros caudimaculatus. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39(5): 1013-1022

Trendall, J.T. & Johnson, M.S. 1981. Identification by anatomy and gel electrophoresis of Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Poeciliidae), previously mistaken for Gambusia affinis holbrooki (Poeciliidae). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 32(6): 993-996

Wager, R. & Unmack, P.J. 2000. Fishes of the Lake Eyre Catchment of Central Australia. Brisbane : Department of Primary Industries and Queensland Fisheries Service 88 pp. [64]

Common Name References

Corfield, J., Diggles, B., Jubb, C., McDowall, R.M., Moore, A., Richards, A. & Rowe, D.K. 2008. Review of the impacts of introduced ornamental fish species that have established wild populations in Australia. Prepared for the Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 277 pp. [212] (Caudo)

Merrick, J.R. & Schmida, G.E. 1984. Australian Freshwater Fishes Biology and Management. Sydney : J.R. Merrick 409 pp. figs 280 col. figs. [340] (One-spot Livebearer)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Allen, G.R., Midgley, S.H. & Allen, M. 2002. Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum pp. 394. [365]) (Speckled Mosquitofish)

History of changes