Subfamily PYRALINAE
- Cledeobiinae.
- Aglossinae.
- Asopiinae.
- Homalochroinae.
- Hypotiinae.
Introduction
[Modified after Shaffer et al. 1996: 165]
Pyralinae are represented in Australia by 35 described species, many endemic. The oldest recorded native species were described by Walker (1859b), though the earliest described species occuring in Australia are introduced species including Pyralis farinalis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Aglossa pinguinalis (Linnaeus, 1758). Most recently the subspecies Vitessa zemire nephritica Munroe & Shaffer, 1980 was added. The revision of the genera Vitessidia Rothschild & Jordan, Cosmethella Munroe & Schaffer, 1980, and Vitessa Moore, 1860, by Munroe & Schaffer (1980) is the only recent revision in this large subfamily.
The subfamily is worldwide in distribution with an estimated 1400 described species and with probably an equal number as yet undescribed but known from collections. Most genera are in need of revision as the current classification is still basically that of Hampson from early this century. Common (1990) attributed 65 species to this subfamily from Australia, including some species which are now assigned to the Endotrichinae and Chrysauginae.
Common (1990) records the following host associations: Cardamyla carinentalis forming shelters between leaves of Pennantia cunninghamii; Ocrasa albidalis skeletonizing dead leaves of Eucalyptus; Pyralis farinalis as a pest of stored cereals. Gauna aegusalis burrows in Uromycladium galls on Acacia decurrens and other wattles.
Apart from the genitalic characters, most Pyralinae are easily distinguished by Sc+R approximated to but not fused with Rs in the hindwing. This is a character sometimes found in the Epipaschiinae, but they can be differentiated on wing marking, development of labial palpi and antennal features.
General References
Common, I.F.B. 1990. Moths of Australia. Carlton : Melbourne University Press vi+535 pp., 32 pls.
Munroe, E.G. & Shaffer, M. 1980. A revision of Vitessidia Rothschild & Jordan and Vitessa Moore (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 39: 241-360
Shaffer, M., Nielsen, E.S. & Horak, M. 1996. Pyraloidea. pp. 164-199 in Nielsen, E.S., Edwards, E.D. & Rangsi, T.V. (eds). Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing Vol. 4 xiv 529 pp. & CD-ROM.
Walker, F. 1859. Pyralides. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 17: 254-508
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Tribe Pyralini
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Genus Aglossa Latreille, 1796
Type species:
Phalaena pinguinalis Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent monotypy.- Euclita Hübner, J. 1825. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge [sic]. Augsburg (1816–[1825]) 431 pp. [347].
Type species:
Phalaena pinguinalis Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation, see Fletcher, D.S. & Nye, I.W.B. 1984. Pyraloidea. In, Nye, I.W.B. (ed.). The Generic Names of Moths of the World. London : British Museum (Natural History) Vol. 5 xv+185 pp. frontispiece. [57]. - Agriope Ragonot, 1894.
Type species:
Aglossa brabanti Ragonot, 1884 by monotypy.
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Species Aglossa caprealis (Hübner, 1809)
- Pyralis caprealis Hübner, J. 1809. Lepidopera 6. Pyralidae 1. Plate 23, fig. 153. Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge [23].
- Crambus capreolatus Haworth, 1809.
- Pyralis cuprealis Hübner, 1825.
- Pyralis aenalis Costa, 1836.
- Aglossa domalis Guenée, 1854.
- Acrobasis incultella Walker, 1866.
- Tetralopha enthealis Hulst, 1886.
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- Tinea marmorella Geoffroy, 1785.
- Tinea marmoratella Villers, 1789.
- Crambus pinguiculatus Haworth, 1809.
- Crambus pinguinatus Haworth, 1809.
- Aglossa pinguinalis streatfieldii Curtis, 1833.
- Aglossa guicciardii Constantinio, 1922.
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Genus Amphiderita Turner, 1925
- Amphiderita Turner, A.J. 1925. New Australian Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 49: 37-60 [44].
Type species:
Amphiderita pyrospila Turner, 1925 by monotypy.
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- Amphiderita pyrospila Turner, A.J. 1925. New Australian Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 49: 37-60 [44].
Type data:
Holotype ANIC ♀, Lismore, New South Wales.
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Genus Arescoptera Turner, 1911
- Arescoptera Turner, A.J. 1911. Studies in Australian Lepidoptera. Annals of the Queensland Museum 10: 59-135 [124].
Type species:
Arescoptera idiotypa Turner, 1911 by monotypy. - Larodryas Turner, A.J. 1922. Studies in Australian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 35(1): 26-62 [49].
Type species:
Larodryas haplocala Turner, 1922 by monotypy.
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- Larodryas haplocala Turner, A.J. 1922. Studies in Australian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 35(1): 26-62 [49].
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- Arescoptera idiotypa Turner, A.J. 1911. Studies in Australian Lepidoptera. Annals of the Queensland Museum 10: 59-135 [124].
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Genus Arippara Walker, 1863
- Arippara Walker, F. 1863. Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidopterous Insects collected at Sarawak, in Borneo, by Mr. A. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 7: 49-84 [74].
Type species:
Arippara indicator Walker, 1863 by original designation. - Paleca Butler, 1879.
Type species:
Paleca rufescens Butler, 1879 by original designation. - Paredra Snellen, 1880.
Type species:
Paredra eogenalis Snellen, 1880 by monotypy.
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Species Arippara disticha (Turner, 1904)
- Bostra disticha Turner, A.J. 1904. A preliminary revision of the Australian Thyrididae and Pyralidae. Part I. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 18: 109-199 [190].
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Genus Cardamyla Walker, 1859
- Cardamyla Walker, F. 1859. Pyralides. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 17: 254-508 [282].
Type species:
Cardamyla carinentalis Walker, 1859 by subsequent designation. - Balanotis Meyrick, E. 1884. On the classification Australian of Pyralidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1884: 61-80 [68, 69].
Type species:
Cardamyla didymalis Walker, 1859 by subsequent designation.
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- Cardamyla carinentalis Walker, F. 1859. Pyralides. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 17: 254-508 [282].
Type data:
Lectotype BMNH ♂, Richmond River, Australia.
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Species Cardamyla didymalis Walker, 1859
- Cardamyla didymalis Walker, F. 1859. Pyralides. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 17: 254-508 [283].
Type data:
Syntype(s) BMNH ♀, Moreton Bay, Queensland. - Balanotis didymalis arctandalis T.P. Lucas, 1890.
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Species Cardamyla eurycroca Turner, 1937
- Cardamyla eurycroca Turner, A.J. 1937. New Australian Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 48: 61-88 [70].
Type data:
Lectotype ANIC ♂, Stannary Hill, near Herberton, Queensland.
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- Balanotis hercophora Meyrick, E. 1884. On the classification of Australian Pyralidina. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1884: 277-350 [281].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH ♀, Port Darwin, Northern Territory.
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Genus Curena Walker, 1866
- Curena Walker, F. 1866. Supplement 4. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 34: 1121-1533 [Date published 1866: dated 1865] [1253].
Type species:
Curena externalis Walker, 1866 by monotypy.
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Species Curena caustopa (Turner, 1905)
- Endotricha caustopa Turner, A.J. 1905. A preliminary revision of the Australian Thyrididae and Pyralidae. II. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 19: 39-63, 89-90 [58].
Type data:
Lectotype NMV ♂, Kuranda, Queensland. - Curena indistinctalis Rothschild, 1916.
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Species Curena externalis Walker, 1866
- Curena externalis Walker, F. 1866. Supplement 4. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 34: 1121-1533 [Date published 1866: dated 1865] [1253].
Type data:
Syntype(s) BMNH ♂, Australia. - Oedematophora cacaalis T.P. Lucas, 1891.
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- Embryoglossa Warren, W. 1896. New species of Pyralidae &c. From the Khasia Hills. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 18: 214-232 [225].
Type species:
Embryoglossa variegata Warren, 1896 by original designation.
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Species Embryoglossa sp. A
- Embryoglossa sp. A
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- Endosimilis Whalley, P.E.S. 1961. A change of status and a redescription of the subfamily Endotrichinae (Lep. Pyralidae) with the description of a new genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13 3: 733-736 [735].
Type species:
Pyralis stilbealis Walker, 1859 by original designation.
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- Pyralis stilbealis Walker, F. 1859. Pyralides. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 19: 799-1036 [incl. index to parts 16-19] [913].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH ♀, Sydney, New South Wales. - Endotricha heliopa Meyrick, E. 1884. On the classification Australian of Pyralidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1884: 61-80 [78].
- Endotricha pyrocaustalis Lower, 1903.
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Genus Endotricha Zeller, 1847
- Endotricha Zeller, P.C. 1847. Bemerkungen über die auf einer Reise nach Italien und Sicilien beobachteten Schmetterlingsarten. Isis von Oken, Jena 40: 121-914 [593].
Type species:
Pyralis flammealis Denis, 1775 by original designation. - Doththa Walker, F. 1859. Pyralides. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 17: 254-508 [285].
Type species:
Doththa mesenterialis Walker, 1859 by monotypy. - Messatis Walker, F. 1859. Pyralides. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 19: 799-1036 [incl. index to parts 16-19] [918].
Type species:
Messatis sabirusalis Walker, 1859 by monotypy. - Pacoria Walker, F. 1866. Supplement 4. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 34: 1121-1533 [Date published 1866: dated 1865] [1255] [in the original combination of the type-species the generic name was published as Paconia, an incorrect (of a multiple) original spelling].
Type species:
Pacoria albifimbrialis Walker, 1866 by monotypy (when established, Pacoria contained a second nominal species, doubtfully included. Under the Code, Article 67(h), a doubtfully included nominal species cannot be validly designated as type-species (Fletcher & Nye, 1984).). - Zania Walker, F. 1866. Supplement 4. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 34: 1121-1533 [Date published 1866: dated 1865] [1256].
Type species:
Zania unicalis Walker, 1866 by monotypy. - Tricomia Walker, F. 1866. Supplement 4. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 34: 1121-1533 [Date published 1866: dated 1865] [1259].
Type species:
Tricomia auroralis Walker, 1866 by monotypy. - Rhisina Walker, F. 1866. Supplement 4. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 34: 1121-1533 [Date published 1866: dated 1865] [1324].
Type species:
Rhisina puncticostalis Walker, 1866 by monotypy. - Endotrichodes Ragonot, 1891.
Type species:
Endotrichodes perustalis Ragonot, 1891 by monotypy. - Endotrichopsis Warren, 1895.
Type species:
Endotrichopsis rhodopteralis Warren, 1895 by original designation.
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- Endotricha approximalis Snellen, P. C. T. 1895. Aanteekeningen over Pyraliden met beschrijving van nieuwe genera en soorten. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 38: pp. 103-161 [115].
- Endotricha xanthorhodalis Hampson, 1916.
- Endotricha periphaea Turner, 1937.
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- Endotricha chionocosma Turner, A.J. 1904. A preliminary revision of the Australian Thyrididae and Pyralidae. Part I. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 18: 109-199 [182].
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- Endotricha dispergens Lucas, T.P. 1891. On Queensland and other Australian Lepidoptera with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 2 6(2): 277-306 [306].
Type data:
Lectotype SAMA ♂, Brisbane, Queensland.
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Species Endotricha euphiles Turner, 1932
- Endotricha euphiles Turner, A.J. 1932. New Australian Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 56: 175-196 [190].
Type data:
Holotype QM ♂, Cape York, Queensland.
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- Endotricha hemicausta Turner, A.J. 1904. A preliminary revision of the Australian Thyrididae and Pyralidae. Part I. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 18: 109-199 [184].
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Species Endotricha ignealis Guenée, 1854
- Endotricha ignealis Guenée, A. 1854. Deltoïdes et Pyralites. In, Boisduval, J.-A. & Guenée, A. (eds). Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptères. Paris : Librarie Encyclopédique de Roret Vol. 8 448 pp., 10 pls. [220].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH ♀, Australia. - Pyralis docilisalis Walker, 1859.
- Endotricha aethopa Meyrick, E. 1884. On the classification Australian of Pyralidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1884: 61-80 [79].
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- Endotricha lobibasalis Hampson, G.F. 1906. On new Thyrididae and Pyralidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7 17: 112-147, 189-222, 253-269, 344-359 [208].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH ♂, Cedar Bay, Queensland.
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- Endotricha melanchroa Turner, A.J. 1911. Studies in Australian Lepidoptera. Annals of the Queensland Museum 10: 59-135.
- Endotricha sareochroa Hampson, G.F. 1916. Descriptions of new Pyralidae of the sub-families Epipaschianae Chrysauginae, Endotrichinae and Pyralinae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 8 18: 126-160, 349-372 [362].
- Endotricha melanochroa Whalley, P.E.S. 1963. A revision of the world sepcies of the genus Endotricha Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 13: 1-453, pls 1-37 [412 (pl 1, fig 13; pl 15, fig 165; pl 29, fig 257)].
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