History of changes

• Podicepinae Bonaparte, C.L. 1831. Saggio di una distribuzione metodica degli animali vertebrati. Giornale Arcadico di Scienze Lettere ed Arti 49: 3-77 [62] [original spelling; Podicipedidae Bonaparte, 1831 (Podiceps Latham, 1787) was placed on the Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology as Podicipitidae (ICZN Direction 75, Henning, 1957) and corrected to Podicipedidae on the Official List (Opinion 981, issued May, 1972, BZN, 29: 15-17). In addition the spelling variants Podicepinae Bonaparte, 1832 (/i>Podiceps Latham, 1787), Podicepsinae G. R. Gray, 1840 (Podiceps Latham, 1787), Podicipinae Bonaparte, 1838 (Podiceps Latham, 1787), and Podicipedidae Ogilvie-Grant, 1898 (Podiceps Latham, 1787), have been placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology. In addition the spelling variants Podicepinae Bonaparte, 1832 (/i>Podiceps Latham, 1787), Podicepsinae G. R. Gray, 1840 (Podiceps Latham, 1787), Podicipinae Bonaparte, 1838 (Podiceps Latham, 1787), and Podicipedidae Ogilvie-Grant, 1898 (Podiceps Latham, 1787), have been placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology (Henning 1957)].

  Type genus:

   Podiceps Latham, 1787.

  Secondary source:

   Storer 1979. Order Podicipediformes. pp.140-155 in Mayr, E. & Cottrell, G.W. Check-list of birds of the world. Cambridge, Massachusetts : Museum of Comparative Zoology Vol. 1 Edn 2, pp.xvii + 547. [140].
• Podicipedidae Bonaparte, C.L. 1831. Saggio di una distribuzione metodica degli animali vertebrati. Giornale Arcadico di Scienze Lettere ed Arti 49: 3-77 [62] [subsequent misspelling; correction of Podicepinae Bonaparte, ICZN (Aves) Direction 75, 0pinion 981].

  Secondary source:

   Brodkorb, P. 1963. Catalogue of fossil birds. Part 1 (Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. Biological Sciences 7: 179-293 [226]; Melville, R.V. 1972. Podicipedidae Bonaparte, 1831 (831 Aves); validated under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 29(1): 15-18; Storer 1979. Order Podicipediformes. pp.140-155 in Mayr, E. & Cottrell, G.W. Check-list of birds of the world. Cambridge, Massachusetts : Museum of Comparative Zoology Vol. 1 Edn 2, pp.xvii + 547. [140].
• Podilymbinae Coues, E. 1862. A synopsis of the North American forms of the Colymbidae and Podicidae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Philadelphia 14: 226-233 [232].

  Type genus:

   Podilymbus Lesson, 1831.

  Secondary source:

   Bock, W.J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281 [131].
• Colymbidae Reichenow, A. 1889. Systematisches Verzeichniss der Vögel Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Mittel-Europas. Berlin pp.68. [Verlag d. Linnaea].

  Type genus:

   Colymbus Linnaeus, 1758 [not Colymbus immer Linnaeus, 1758 = Gavia J.R. Forster 1788].

  Secondary source:

   Bock, W.J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281 [131].

Introduction

Podicipediiformes comprises this single homogeneous family that has a cosmopolitan distribution (apart from Antarctica and Oceania). Many species are residents although some exhibit migratory or nomadic patterns. Twenty-two species in six genera are assigned to Podicipedidae, three of which are Australian. They are small to medium-sized aquatic diving birds. The laterally compressed foot has all four anisodactyl, the hallux being vestigial, and has elongate toes, broadly lobed with the claws flattened like fingernails; these assist propulsion for swimming and diving. The legs are situated towards the rear of the body, assisting with movement, but making the birds ungainly on land. Otherwise their bodies are stocky, their necks slender and the heads small; the tail feathers are rudimentary. Swimming is achieved by use of the legs and feet only; the feet are also used for steering when in flight. To gain flight grebes run across the water surface using their feet and flapping their short wings. They fly well but usually for short duration and distances although lengthy nocturnal movements are common.

Sexes are similar, generally counter-shaded, darker above and paler below, and several have coloured tufts or crests that are used during courtship. The plumage is thick and short, presenting a satiny appearance; the feathers on the lower breast and abdomen protrude at right angles from the body while having slightly curled tips. This allows podicipedids to compress their feather thus adjusting buoyancy. Grebes also experience two distinctive plumages: the non-breeding season dull plumage, and a brighter, well-marked breeding plumage. They are found in freshwater lakes, ponds, and marshes with emergent vegetation, although they often use brackish coastal waters in winter.

Congregations or singles occur during the non-breeding period. Vocalisations are generally restricted to communication between pairs or groups. The voice has been described as variety of whistling or barking calls. All grebes are omnivorous, their food including aquatic insects, crustaceans, molluscs, fish and some vegetable matter. The beak is adapted to procure these items: it is slender and sharply pointed. To assist in prevention of internal injury by bones of their prey the birds often consume their own feathers.

Pairs may use elaborate courtship displays prior to nesting. Nests are a floating platform of heaped aquatic plants; these are collected from adjacent shallow water through the adults diving and ripping the vegetation from the bottom. The nest has a shallow cup into which three to six roughly textured, chalky eggs are deposited; these are incubated by both adults and covered when the adults are absent. Eggs are elliptical and are naturally creamy white, becoming stained browner from the decomposing nesting material. Incubation lasts 20–30 days and both adults share both the responsibility of incubation and also natal care. Nestlings are nidifugous and precocial, leaving the nest almost immediately after hatching. Their fine downy feathers have the appearance of striped black and white, the head and neck being both streaked and spotted. Adults carry their offspring on their backs both during surface swimming and diving; and include their own body feathers in the diet of the young.

Excluded Taxa

Vagrant Species

CAVS:0843
PODICIPEDIDAE: Tachybaptus ruficollis (Pallas, 1764) [Little Grebe; one confirmed record, adult at Darwin, NT on 26 Sept. - 5 Oct. 1999] — Simpson, K. & Day, N. 2004. Birds of Australia. Camberwell, Victoria : Penguin Group (Australia) Edn 7, pp. 382.; Christidis, L. & Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing 288 pp. [15, 68]

General References

Bocheński, Z.M. 1994. The comparative osteology of grebes (Aves: Podicipedidae) and its systematic implications. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 37: 191-346

Christidis, L. & Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing 288 pp.

Fjeldså, J. 2004. The Grebes. London : Oxford University Press 1, pp. 264.

Henning, F. 1957. Direction 75. Suppression under the plenary powers of the family-group name Urinatoridae (correction of Urinatores) Vieillot, 1818, and addition of the names Podicipitidae (correction of Podicepinae) Bonaparte, 1831, and Gaviidae Coues, 1903, as the family-group names for grebes and divers (loons) respectively (Class Aves) (Direction supplementary to Opinion 401). Opinions and Declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 13(22): 291-308 [Date published 21 July 1957]

History of changes

• Podiceps Latham, J. 1787. Supplement to the General Synopsis of Birds. London : Leigh & Sotheby iii 298 pp. 109-119 pls. [Sclater, P.L. 1893. List of the dates of delivery of the sheets of the "Proceedings" of the Zoological Society of London, from the commencement in 1830 to 1859 inclusive. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893: 435–440] [294].

  Type species:

   Colymbus cristatus Linnaeus, C., 1758 by subsequent designation, see Gray, G.R. 1840. A List of the Genera of Birds, with an indication of the typical species of each genus. London : R. & J.E. Taylor viii 80 pp. [Date published Apr 1840: published before Apr.] [76].

  Secondary source:

   Condon, H.T. 1975. Checklist of the Birds of Australia. Part 1 Non-Passerines. Melbourne : Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union xx 311 pp. [5]; Storer 1979. Order Podicipediformes. pp.140-155 in Mayr, E. & Cottrell, G.W. Check-list of birds of the world. Cambridge, Massachusetts : Museum of Comparative Zoology Vol. 1 Edn 2, pp.xvii + 547. [148].
• Colymbus Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10 Edn., 824 pp. [139] [incorrect original spelling in key for Colymbus Linnaeus, 1758. Name suppressed under the plenary powers of the ICZN, Opinion 401 (1956)].

  Type species:

   Colymbus cristatus Linnaeus, C., 1758 by subsequent designation, see Ridgway, R. 1884. The Water Birds of North America [by S. F. Baird; T. M. Brewer; R. Ridgway]. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 13: vi + 552 [425].

  Secondary source:

   Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. 1898. Steganopodes (Cormorants, Gannets, Frigate-birds, Tropic-birds, and Pelicans, Pygopodes (Divers and Grebes), Alcae (Auks), and Impennes (Penguins). pp.329-657 in Sharpe, R.B. & Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. Catalogue of the Plataleae, Herodiones, Steganopodes, Pygopodes, Alcae, and Impennes in the Collection of the British Museum. London : Trustees British Museum Vol. 26 pp. xvii + 687. [486]; Condon, H.T. 1975. Checklist of the Birds of Australia. Part 1 Non-Passerines. Melbourne : Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union xx 311 pp. [5].
• Columbus Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10 Edn., 824 pp. [84].

  Type species:

   Colymbus cristatus Linnaeus, C., 1758 by subsequent designation.
• Colymbus Brisson, M.-J. 1760. Ornithologie ou méthode contenant la Division des oiseaux en Ordres, Sectiones, Genres, Espèces & leurs Variétés. Paris : J.-B. Bauche Vol. I xxiv 526 lxxiii pp. XXXVII pls. [50, 6: 33].
• Lophaithyia Kaup, J. 1829. Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und Natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt. Leipzig : C.W. Leske xii 204 pp. [195].

  Type species:

   Colymbus cristatus Linnaeus, C., 1758 by Linnaean tautonymy.

  Secondary source:

   Condon, H.T. 1975. Checklist of the Birds of Australia. Part 1 Non-Passerines. Melbourne : Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union xx 311 pp. [5]; Worthy, T.H. 2010. Order PODICIPEDIFORMES: Grebes. pp.49-51 in Gill, B.G., Bell, B.D., Chambers, G.K., Medway, D.G., Palma, R.L., Scofield, R.P., Tennyson, A.J.D. & Worthy, T.H. Checklist of the birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. Wellington : Te Papa Press 4th Edn, 500 pp. [49].
• Podicipes Oken, L. 1839. Ueber den Naturgeschichtlichen Ramen beyzusebende Auctorität. Isis von Oken 32: 669-673 [673] [unjustified emendation of Podiceps Latham, 1787].

  Secondary source:

   Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. 1898. Steganopodes (Cormorants, Gannets, Frigate-birds, Tropic-birds, and Pelicans, Pygopodes (Divers and Grebes), Alcae (Auks), and Impennes (Penguins). pp.329-657 in Sharpe, R.B. & Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. Catalogue of the Plataleae, Herodiones, Steganopodes, Pygopodes, Alcae, and Impennes in the Collection of the British Museum. London : Trustees British Museum Vol. 26 pp. xvii + 687. [502] (Used only as a Generic heading, no reference cited).
• Lophaethyia Agassiz, J.L.R. 1846. Nomenclatur zoologici index universalis continens nomina systematica classium, ordinarum, familiarum et generum animalium omnium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis plantarum, nec non variis adnotationibus et emendationibus. Soloduri [Solothurn, Switzerland] : Jent et Gassmann viii + 393 pp. [215] (Attributed to Kaup, 1829, as Lophaithyia) [unjustified emendation of Lophaithyia Kaup, 1829].

  Secondary source:

   Kaup, J. 1829. Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und Natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt. Leipzig : C.W. Leske xii 204 pp. [195]; Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. 1898. Steganopodes (Cormorants, Gannets, Frigate-birds, Tropic-birds, and Pelicans, Pygopodes (Divers and Grebes), Alcae (Auks), and Impennes (Penguins). pp.329-657 in Sharpe, R.B. & Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. Catalogue of the Plataleae, Herodiones, Steganopodes, Pygopodes, Alcae, and Impennes in the Collection of the British Museum. London : Trustees British Museum Vol. 26 pp. xvii + 687. [503].

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Hampton (HAM), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

History of changes

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Hampton (HAM), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

Distribution References

Details of nominate subspecies, not present in Australia

Colymbus cristatus Linnaeus, 1758
Linnaeus (1758: 135).
Type data: Syntype(s) Unknown (Unlocated), Sweden.

Common Name References

Anonymous 1969. An Index of Australian Bird Names. Division of WIldlife Research Technical Paper. Canberra : CSIRO Vol. No. 20 pp. 93. [11] (Carr Goose, Crested Grebe, Diver, Gaunt, Loon, Tippet Grebe)

Christidis, L. & Boles, W.E. 1994. The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories. Monograph 2. Melbourne : Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union iv 112 pp. (Great Crested Grebe)

Christidis, L. & Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing 288 pp. [15] (Great Crested Grebe)

History of changes

• Podiceps cristatus australis Gould, J. 1844. The Birds of Australia. London : J. Gould Vol. 2(17). [Date published 1 Dec 1844].

  Type data:

   Holotype "Australia and Van Diemen’s land"
  Comment: previously thought to be from New Zealand, but resolved as Australian (see McAllan 2004).

  Type locality references:

  McAllan, I.A.W. 2004. Corrections to the original citations and type localities of some birds described by John Gould and recorded from New Zealand. Notornis 51: 125-130.
• Podiceps cristatus christiani Mathews, G.M. 1911. The Birds of Australia. London : H.F. & G. Witherby Vol. 1 pp. [267, pl. 26].

  Type data:

   Holotype AMNH 52661 Skin, Victoria.

  Type locality references:

  Greenway, J.C. Jnr 1973. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 1. Tinamidae, Spheniscidae, Gaviidae, Podicipedidae, Diomedeidae, Procellariidae, Hydrobatidae, Pelecanoididae, Phaethontidae, Pelecanidae, Sulidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Anhingidae, Fregatidae, Ardeidae, Cochleariidae, Scopidae, Ciconiidae, Threskiornithidae, Phoenicopteridae, Anatidae, Cathartidae, Accipitridae, Falconidae, Megapodiidae, Cracidae, Tetraonidae, Phasianidae, Numididae, Meleagrididae, Turnicidae, Pedionomidae, Gruidae, Rallidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 150(3): 207-346 [217].

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Hampton (HAM), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

General References

McAllan, I.A.W. 2004. Corrections to the original citations and type localities of some birds described by John Gould and recorded from New Zealand. Notornis 51: 125-130

History of changes

• Poliocephalus Selby, P.J. 1840. A Catalogue of the Generic and Sub-generic Types of the Class Aves, Birds, arranged according to the Natural System. Newcastle : T. & J. Hodgson 70 pp. [47].

  Type species:

   Pudiceps poliocephalus Jardine & Selby, 1827 by monotypy.

  Secondary source:

   Sharpe, R.B. & Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. 1898. Catalogue of the Plataleae, Herodiones, Steganopodes, Pygopodes, Alcae, and Impennes in the Collection of the British Museum. London : Trustees British Museum Vol. 26 pp. xvii + 687. [503]; Mathews, G.M. 1927. Systema Avium Australasianarum. A systematic list of the birds of the Australasian region. London : British Ornithologists' Union Pt 1 iv 426 pp. [104]; Condon, H.T. 1975. Checklist of the Birds of Australia. Part 1 Non-Passerines. Melbourne : Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union xx 311 pp. [5]; Storer 1979. Order Podicipediformes. pp.140-155 in Mayr, E. & Cottrell, G.W. Check-list of birds of the world. Cambridge, Massachusetts : Museum of Comparative Zoology Vol. 1 Edn 2, pp.xvii + 547. [147]; Worthy, T.H. 2010. Order PODICIPEDIFORMES: Grebes. pp.49-51 in Gill, B.G., Bell, B.D., Chambers, G.K., Medway, D.G., Palma, R.L., Scofield, R.P., Tennyson, A.J.D. & Worthy, T.H. Checklist of the birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. Wellington : Te Papa Press 4th Edn, 500 pp. [50].
• Dasyptilus Swainson, W. 1837. On the Natural History and Classification of Birds. In, Lardner, D. (ed.). The Cabinet Cyclopaedia. London : Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman and John Taylor Vol. 2(92) vi 398 pp. [publication dated 1836-1837 Kluge, A.G. 1971. John Edward Gray and "The Zoological Miscellany". In Gray, J.E. (1831–1844). The Zoological Miscellany. [reprint]. U.S.A. Misc. Publ. of Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.] [369].

  Type species:

   Podiceps poliocephalus Jardine & Selby, 1827 by monotypy.
• Colymbetes Heine, F. & Reichenow, A. 1890. Nomenclator Musei Heineani Ornithologici. Berlin : R. Friedländer & Sohn Bd vi 373 pp. [publication dated as 1882–1890] [364] [new name for Poliocephalus Selby, 1840; not Schellenberg, 1896].

  Secondary source:

   Mathews, G.M. 1927. Systema Avium Australasianarum. A systematic list of the birds of the Australasian region. London : British Ornithologists' Union Pt 1 iv 426 pp. [104].

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

History of changes

• Podiceps poliocephalus Jardine, W. & Selby, P.J. 1827. Illustrations of Ornithology. Edinburgh : W.H. Lizars Series. [Pl. 13].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Unknown (Unlocate), New South Wales.
• Podiceps nestor Gould, J. 1837. A Synopsis of the Birds of Australia, and Adjacent Islands. London : J. Gould Part 1 pp. [Pl. 19].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) ANSP 4575 Skin, Tasmania; ANSP 4576 Skin, Van Diemans Land (Tasmania); ANSP 4577 Skin, New South Wales.

  Type locality references:

  Ingersoll, A.W. & Fisher, C.T. 2006. Type specimens of birds in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Draft. pp. 1-355 [5].
• Podiceps poliocephalus cloatesi Mathews, G.M. 1912. A Reference-List to the Birds of Australia. Novitates Zoologicae 18: 171-455 [Date published 31 Jan 1912] [197].

  Type data:

   Holotype AMNH 526362 Skin, Point Cloates, Western Australia [22°43'S, 113°40'E].

  Type locality references:

  Greenway, J.C. Jnr 1973. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 1. Tinamidae, Spheniscidae, Gaviidae, Podicipedidae, Diomedeidae, Procellariidae, Hydrobatidae, Pelecanoididae, Phaethontidae, Pelecanidae, Sulidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Anhingidae, Fregatidae, Ardeidae, Cochleariidae, Scopidae, Ciconiidae, Threskiornithidae, Phoenicopteridae, Anatidae, Cathartidae, Accipitridae, Falconidae, Megapodiidae, Cracidae, Tetraonidae, Phasianidae, Numididae, Meleagrididae, Turnicidae, Pedionomidae, Gruidae, Rallidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 150(3): 207-346 [218].

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

Common Name References

Anonymous 1969. An Index of Australian Bird Names. Division of WIldlife Research Technical Paper. Canberra : CSIRO Vol. No. 20 pp. 93. [11] (Dabchick, Diver, Hoary-headed Dabchick, Tom Pudding)

Christidis, L. & Boles, W.E. 1994. The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories. Monograph 2. Melbourne : Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union iv 112 pp. (Hoary-headed Grebe)

Christidis, L. & Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing 288 pp. [15] (Hoary-headed Grebe)

History of changes

• Tachybaptus Reichenbach, L. 1852. Avium Systema Naturale. Das Natürliche System der Vögel mit hundert Tafeln grössentheils Original-Abbildungen der bis jetzt entdeckten fast zwölfhundert typischen Formen. Leipzig : F. Hofmeister viii, 1-36, i-xxxi pp.; 100 pls. [Date published 1853] [iii].

  Type species:

   Colymbus minor Gmelin, 1788 (= Colymbus ruficollis Pallas, 1764) by monotypy.

  Secondary source:

   Sharpe, R.B. & Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. 1898. Catalogue of the Plataleae, Herodiones, Steganopodes, Pygopodes, Alcae, and Impennes in the Collection of the British Museum. London : Trustees British Museum Vol. 26 pp. xvii + 687. [511]; Condon, H.T. 1975. Checklist of the Birds of Australia. Part 1 Non-Passerines. Melbourne : Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union xx 311 pp. [6]; Storer 1979. Order Podicipediformes. pp.140-155 in Mayr, E. & Cottrell, G.W. Check-list of birds of the world. Cambridge, Massachusetts : Museum of Comparative Zoology Vol. 1 Edn 2, pp.xvii + 547. [142]; Worthy, T.H. 2010. Order ACCIPITRIFORMES: Secretary-bird, Kites, Eagles, Hawks and Allies. pp.169-176 in Gill, B.G., Bell, B.D., Chambers, G.K., Medway, D.G., Palma, R.L., Scofield, R.P., Tennyson, A.J.D. & Worthy, T.H. Checklist of the birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. Wellington : Te Papa Press 4th Edn, 500 pp. [51].

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

History of changes

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

Distribution References

Common Name References

Anonymous 1969. An Index of Australian Bird Names. Division of WIldlife Research Technical Paper. Canberra : CSIRO Vol. No. 20 pp. 93. [11] (Australian Dabchick, Australian Little Grebe, Black-throated Dabchick, Black-throated Diver, Dabchick, Diver, Little Grebe, Red-necked Grebe, White-bellied Diver)

Christidis, L. & Boles, W.E. 1994. The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories. Monograph 2. Melbourne : Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union iv 112 pp. (Australasian Grebe)

Christidis, L. & Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing 288 pp. [15] (Australasian Grebe)

History of changes

• Podiceps novaehollandiae Stephens, J.F. 1826. In: General Zoology or Systematic Natural History, commenced by the late George Shaw, M.D.F.R.S. & C. Aves. London : J. & A. Arch etc Vol.XIII(1) 290 pp. [18].
• Podiceps minor Selby, P.J. 1833. Illustrations of British Ornithology. Water Birds. Edinburgh : W.H. Lizars Vol. 2 pp.xii+538. [401, pl lxxv, fig. 1].

  Secondary source:

   Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. 1898. Steganopodes (Cormorants, Gannets, Frigate-birds, Tropic-birds, and Pelicans, Pygopodes (Divers and Grebes), Alcae (Auks), and Impennes (Penguins). pp.329-657 in Sharpe, R.B. & Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. Catalogue of the Plataleae, Herodiones, Steganopodes, Pygopodes, Alcae, and Impennes in the Collection of the British Museum. London : Trustees British Museum Vol. 26 pp. xvii + 687. [507].
• Podiceps gularis Gould, J. 1837. In Proceedings of meeting of Zoological Society of London, Dec. 13, 1836. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1936: 141-145 [Date published 1837: publication dated 1836] [145].

  Type data:

   Holotype ANSP 4594 Skin, New South Wales.

  Type locality references:

  Ingersoll, A.W. & Fisher, C.T. 2006. Type specimens of birds in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Draft. pp. 1-355 [5].
• Podiceps fluviatilis carterae Mathews, G.M. 1912. A Reference-List to the Birds of Australia. Novitates Zoologicae 18: 171-455 [Date published 31 Jan 1912] [197].

  Type data:

   Holotype AMNH 526214 Skin, Broome Hill, Western Australia [33°50'S, 117°35'E].

  Type locality references:

  Greenway, J.C. Jnr 1973. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 1. Tinamidae, Spheniscidae, Gaviidae, Podicipedidae, Diomedeidae, Procellariidae, Hydrobatidae, Pelecanoididae, Phaethontidae, Pelecanidae, Sulidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Anhingidae, Fregatidae, Ardeidae, Cochleariidae, Scopidae, Ciconiidae, Threskiornithidae, Phoenicopteridae, Anatidae, Cathartidae, Accipitridae, Falconidae, Megapodiidae, Cracidae, Tetraonidae, Phasianidae, Numididae, Meleagrididae, Turnicidae, Pedionomidae, Gruidae, Rallidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 150(3): 207-346 [217].
• Podiceps fluviatilis parryi Mathews, G.M. 1912. A Reference-List to the Birds of Australia. Novitates Zoologicae 18: 171-455 [Date published 31 Jan 1912] [197].

  Type data:

   Holotype AMNH 526240 Skin, Parrys Creek, East Kimberly, Western Australia [15°36'S 128°17'E].

  Type locality references:

  Greenway, J.C. Jnr 1973. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 1. Tinamidae, Spheniscidae, Gaviidae, Podicipedidae, Diomedeidae, Procellariidae, Hydrobatidae, Pelecanoididae, Phaethontidae, Pelecanidae, Sulidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Anhingidae, Fregatidae, Ardeidae, Cochleariidae, Scopidae, Ciconiidae, Threskiornithidae, Phoenicopteridae, Anatidae, Cathartidae, Accipitridae, Falconidae, Megapodiidae, Cracidae, Tetraonidae, Phasianidae, Numididae, Meleagrididae, Turnicidae, Pedionomidae, Gruidae, Rallidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 150(3): 207-346 [217].

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

History of changes