- Phreodrilidae Beddard, F.E. 1891. Anatomical description of two new genera of aquatic Oligochaeta. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 36: 273-303 [290].
Type genus:
Phreodrilus Beddard, 1891.
- Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), with a description of a new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2031-2040
- Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523
Introduction
This family of mostly aquatic worms had a tortuous early history. Beddard (1891) described the first phreodrilid, Phreodrilus subterraneus, from New Zealand, for which he erected the family Phreodrilidae. The same author later (Beddard 1894) described two more species (now recognised as phreodrilids) but placed them in a new genus of tubificid (Hesperodrilus) and shortly afterwards (Beddard 1895) also placed Phreodrilus with the Tubificidae. A review of the Oligochaeta by Michaelsen (1900) concurred with Beddard's placement of all of these species in the Tubificidae but later (Michaelsen 1903) reinstated the family Phreodrilidae and placed all species in Phreodrilus. Subsequent papers described further new species and two genera, though the latter were also synonymised with Phreodrilus by Brinkhurst (1965) after he failed to find consistent distinguishing characteristics for any of the separate genera. The present phylogenetic classification, with two subfamilies and multiple genera was established following an analysis by Brinkhurst (1991).
The global distribution of the family suggests a Gondwanan origin (Brinkhurst 1965): most species have been described from Australia, with fewer from New Zealand, Africa, South America and southern oceanic islands such as CA.M.P.bell and Kerguelen Islands. Records from equatorial latitudes and arid regions are from high altitude (e.g. in Sri Lanka) or deep lakes (Africa) or groundwater (Africa, Middle East and Australia) (Giani et al. 1995; Martinez-Ansemil et al. 2003; Pinder 2003). A recent record from the very deep Lake Biwa in Japan (P. Martin, pers. comm.) seems anomalous, but another recent record (from Ireland, the first for Europe) almost certainly represents a human-mediated introduction (Gunn et al. 2004).
Fifty species have been described worldwide in seven genera, of which 29 described species in six genera are known from Australia. Many other Australian species are known but not yet described (Pinder 2001). Most phreodrilids have restricted distributions, with 15 described species (and many undescribed) known only from Tasmania, one only from the southern Great Dividing Range and five described (and several undescribed) from south-western Australia. Above the species level, there is little geographic disjunction, except that the species from the Great Dividing Range, Phreodriloides notabilis, has no congeners, and Schizodrilus is known only from two poorly known New Zealand species. Recent unpublished studies have revealed the presence of numerous new phreodrilids in north-western Australian groundwater aquifers and associated springs and one of these was described recently (Pinder 2003). Other undescribed species are known from caves in the south-west. Only two species are currrently known from more than one continent: Insulodrilus lacustris from South America, New Zealand and southern Australia and Antarctodrilus niger from South America, Falkland Islands, South Africa and Tasmania. The former, which is very common in Australia, appears to have quite variable morphology and may represent more than one species, while A. niger is known from very few specimens.
Phreodrilids of surface waters are sediment dwellers, although some have been collected from saturated moss on stream edges of subantarctic islands (Pinder & Brinkhurst 1997) and some mostly undescribed species are known from moss beds of granite outcrops of temperate to semi-arid south-western Australia (Pinder 2003). They also appear to be common inhabitants of caves, springs and groundwater aquifers in southern continents, with some overlap in the species of surface and underground habitats. One species, Astacopsidrilus ostiensis, occurs in estuaries (Pinder & Erséus 2001) but none is known to be truly marine. The two species of Schizodrilus from New Zealand inhabit litter of beech forests (Stout 1958) and three species of Astacopsidrilus from eastern Australia occur on the carapace of crayfish but appear to be commensal detritivores rather than parasites. Very little is known of their biology but judging from gut contents all appear to be detritivores and/or grazers on periphyton. Asexual reproduction (by fragmentation) has been reported for Schizodrilus but other phreodrilids appear to reproduce sexually. An absence of spermathecae in Phreodriloides notabilis suggests autofertilization but this has not been confirmed.
Diagnosis
Aquatic (mostly freshwater) oligochaetes. Ventral chaetae from II, paired and sigmoid with bifid or simple tips, if bifid then usually with upper teeth much shorter and thinner than the lower. Ventral chaetae of XIII (the spermathecal segment) often modified as one or two thin hollow-tipped chaetae, often larger than adjacent somatic chaetae. Dorsal chaetae absent in II, usually present from III, rarely absent in other anterior segments. Each dorsal bundle either with one to many hair chaetae which may be serrate or brush-tipped, or with single or paired sigmoid chaetae which resemble those in ventral bundles. If hairs, then each usually accompanied by a lateral (support) chaeta on each side which do not usually project from the chaetal sacs. Proboscis may be present. Pharynx usually with thickened eversible roof in II and III and pharyngeal glands in several segments between IV and X. Reproduction usually sexual but asexual propagation known in one genus. Thin clitellum normally restricted to XII and XIII. Testes and ovaries paired in XI and XII, respectively. Male pores in XII, female pores within intersegmental furrow 12/13 or ducts plesioporous with pores anteriorly in XIII or coincident with the opening of the spermathecal vestibulae or within the vestibulae. Reproductive organs shifted forward in some taxa where fewer anterior segments regenerate after asexual reproduction. Gonoducts paired. Male ducts lack separate prostate glands. Inner epithelial lining of the atrium thick and glandular in most species, leaving only a narrow lumen. Ciliated vasa deferentia usually thin and usually opening into atria basally or even directly into pseudopenes or ejaculatory ducts. Pendant penes or eversible pseudopenes usually present, but extent of development varies substantially between taxa. Spermathecal pores on XIII, usually within a shallow to deep muscular inversion of the body wall (vestibule). Spermathecal ducts with a narrow lumen and usually with a valve-like structure at the A.M.P.ulla union. The A.M.P.ullae, which may be thin and duct-like anteriorly, usually extend over one or more segments posterior to XIII. Sperm not stored as spermatozeugmata.
Diagnosis References
Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1994. A Preliminary Guide to the Identification of the Microdrile Oligochaeta of Australian Inland Waters. Albury, New South Wales : Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology 137 pp. [out of print] (identification keys)
Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [446] (identification keys)
General References
Beddard, F.E. 1891. Anatomical description of two new genera of aquatic Oligochaeta. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 36: 273-303
Beddard, F.E. 1894. Preliminary notice of South American Tubificidae collected by Dr Michaelson, including the description of a branchiate form. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6: 205-210
Beddard, F.E. 1895. A Monograph of the Order of Oligochaeta. Oxford : Clarendon Press.
Benham, W.B. 1907. On the Oligochaeta from the Blue Lake, Mount Kosciusko. Records of the Australian Museum 6: 251-264
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1965. A taxonomic revision of the Phreodrilidae (Oligochaeta). Journal of Zoology, London 147: 363-386
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), with a description of a new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2031-2040
Giani, N., Martin, P. & Juget, J. 1995. A new species of Phreodrilidae (Oligochaeta), Astacopsidrilus naceri sp. nov., from Morocco (North Africa), with notes on the biogeography of the family. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 2375-2381
Gunn, R.J.M., Pinder, A.M. & Walker, B.M. 2004. Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta), a family new to Europe. Irish Naturalists Journal 27: 315-317
Martinez-Ansemil, E., Giani, N. & Sambugar, B. 2003. Oligochaetes from underground waters of Oman with descriptions of two new species of Phreodrilidae (Oligochaeta): Antarctodrilus arabicus n. sp. and Phreodrilus stocki n. sp. Contributions to Zoology 71: 147-158
Michaelsen, W. 1900. Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich 10: 1-565
Michaelsen, W. 1903. Die Oligochaten der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Erorterung der Terricolenfauna oceanischer Inseln, insbesondere der Inseln des subantarktischen Meeres. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899 3: 131-168
Pinder, A. 2001. Notes on the diversity and distribution of Australian Naididae and Phreodrilidae (Oligochaeta: Annelida). Hydrobiologia 463(1): 49-64
Pinder, A.M. 2003. New species and records of Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 21: 307-313
Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523
Pinder, A.M. & Erséus, C. 2000. New Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Tasmanian estuaries. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 124: 29-33
Stout, J.D. 1958. Aquatic oligochaetes occurring in forest litter.—II. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 85(2): 289-299
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), with a description of a new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2031-2040 [2039]
Diagnosis
Phreodrilidae with spermathecal pores lateral or dorso-lateral.
Diagnosis References
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), with a description of a new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2031-2040 [2039]
Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [447]
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Antarctodrilus Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), with a description of a new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2031-2040 [2039].
Type species:
Hesperodrilus niger Beddard, 1894 (=Antarctodrilus niger (Beddard, 1984)) by original designation.
Distribution
States
New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
IBRA
NSW, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Central Ranges (CR), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gibson Desert (GD), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Nullarbor (NUL), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Afrotropical Region
- South Africa
Antarctic Region
- Subantarctic Islands
Australian Region
- Australia
- New South Wales: SE coastal
- South Australia: S Gulfs
- Tasmania
- Victoria: SE coastal
- Western Australia: SW coastal
Neotropical Region
- Argentina
- Tierra del Fuego
- Falkland Islands
Palaearctic Region
- Oman
Diagnosis
Phreodrilinae with spermathecal pores lateral or dorso-lateral, pendant penes present and pseudopenes absent.
Diagnosis References
Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [457]
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Antarctodrilus acanthaseta Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [461].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:2583 mature specimen on slide, creek near Charlies Hill, south-west Tasmania, Australia.
Paratype(s) QVM 14:2589-90 4 on slides, 3 in alcohol, creek near Charlies Hill, south-west Tasmania, Australia.
Distribution
States
Tasmania
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Antarctodrilus horwitzi Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [469].
Type data:
Holotype WAM 88-94 mature specimen on slide, east of Walpole, Western Australia (crayfish burrow in peat) [34.63S 115.88E].
Distribution
States
Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mallee (MAL), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Western Australia: SW coastal
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lentic freshwater, lotic freshwater, peat swamps.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Antarctodrilus micros Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [467].
Type data:
Holotype WAM 79-94 mature specimen on slide, Chesapeake Rd, Western Australia (crayfish burrow in shrubland along creek-line) [34.84S 116.37E].
Paratype(s) WAM 80-94 to 87-94 1 mature and 2 immature on slides, 1 immature in alcohol, Chesapeake Rd (crayfish burrow in shrubland along creek-line), Inlet River (swamp) and Guernsey Gully, Doggerup-Gardner region (peaty ephemeral lake), Western Australia [34.84S 116.37E].
Distribution
States
Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mallee (MAL), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Western Australia: SW coastal
Ecological Descriptors
Cave dweller, lentic freshwater, lotic freshwater, peat swamps, spring.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Hesperodrilus niger Beddard, F.E. 1894. Preliminary notice of South American Tubificidae collected by Dr Michaelson, including the description of a branchiate form. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6: 205-210 [208].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH 1904.10.20. 489-95 longitudinally sectioned specimen, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands (stream).Type locality references:
Michaelsen, W. 1900. Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich 10: 1-565 [38] ("Zwischen Algen in einem langsam fliessenden Bach. Falkland-Inseln (Port Stanley)"). - Hesperodrilus albus Beddard, F.E. 1894. Preliminary notice of South American Tubificidae collected by Dr Michaelson, including the description of a branchiate form. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6: 205-210 [209].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH 1904.10.20. 487-8 logitudinally sectioned specimen, Port Stanley, Falkland Islands (freshwater pond).Type locality references:
Beddard, F.E. 1895. A Monograph of the Order of Oligochaeta. Oxford : Clarendon Press. [256] ("Falkland Island, in a pond"); Michaelsen, W. 1900. Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich 10: 1-565 [39] ("Im Süsswasser-Tumpel. Falkland Inseln (Port Stanley)"). - Hesperodrilus pellucidus Beddard, F.E. 1894. Preliminary notice of South American Tubificidae collected by Dr Michaelson, including the description of a branchiate form. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6: 205-210 [210].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH 1904.10.20. 482-4 longitudinally sectioned specimen (specimen not named, but clearly of the niger/albus type and presumably Beddard's material of pellucidus), Uschuaia, Tierra del Feugo, Argentina (swampy pool in woodland).Type locality references:
Beddard, F.E. 1895. A Monograph of the Order of Oligochaeta. Oxford : Clarendon Press. [256] (Uschuia, South America); Michaelsen, W. 1900. Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich 10: 1-565 [39] (locality listed as "Im Sumpf-Tümpel im Walde. Süd-Feuerland"). - Phreodrilus africanus Goddard, E.J. & Malan, D.E. 1913. Contribution to a knowledge of South African Oligochaeta. Part II. Description of a new species of Phreodrilus. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 3: 242-248 [242].
Type data:
Status unknown, whereabouts unknown, top of Table Mountain, South Africa.
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
- Michaelsen, W. 1903. Die Oligochaten der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Erorterung der Terricolenfauna oceanischer Inseln, insbesondere der Inseln des subantarktischen Meeres. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899 3: 131-168 [136]
- Brinkhurst, R.O. 1965. A taxonomic revision of the Phreodrilidae (Oligochaeta). Journal of Zoology, London 147: 363-386 [378]
Distribution
States
Tasmania
IBRA
Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Afrotropical Region
- South Africa
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
Neotropical Region
- Argentina
- Tierra del Fuego
- Falkland Islands
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lotic freshwater.
General References
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1982. Additional aquatic Oligochaeta from Australia and New Zealand. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, Launceston 78: 1-13 [5] (provides first records and brief description of Australian specimens)
Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [457] (provides description and first illustrations of Australian specimens)
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus palustris Brinkhurst, R.O. & Fulton, W. 1979. Some aquatic Oligochaeta from Tasmania. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, Launceston 64: 1-13 [6].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:241 mature specimen on slide, Great Lake, Tasmania, Australia.
Paratype(s) QVM 14:242-271 3 mature sectioned on slides, 2 mature on slides and 3 immature in alcohol, Great Lake, Tasmania, Australia.
Distribution
States
Tasmania
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
Ecological Descriptors
Interstitial waters, lake, lentic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus proboscidea Brinkhurst, R.O. & Fulton, W. 1979. Some aquatic Oligochaeta from Tasmania. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, Launceston 64: 1-13 [7].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:270 mature specimen on slide, Cramps Bay, Great Lake, Tasmania, Australia.
Paratype(s) QVM QVM:14:271-279 immature and mature specimens on slide, Cramps Bay, Great Lake, and Lake Pedder, south-west Tasmania, Australia.Type locality references:
Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [459].
Distribution
States
New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
NSW, SA, Tas, Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Ben Lomond (BEL), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gawler (GAW), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- New South Wales: SE coastal
- South Australia: S Gulfs
- Tasmania
- Victoria: SE coastal
Ecological Descriptors
Interstitial waters, lentic freshwater, lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus uniseta Brinkhurst, R.O. 1982. Additional aquatic Oligochaeta from Australia and New Zealand. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, Launceston 78: 1-13 [9].
Type data:
Holotype QVM QVM:14:234 1 mature on slide, Flowerdale River, Tasmania, Australia [41.119S 145.523E].
Paratype(s) QVM QVM:14:2591 and 2747 1 mature, plus fragments, Flowerdale River, Tasmania, Australia
Comment: one of the original paratypes (QVM:14:235a+b) was described subsequentlyas a separate species (Insulodrilus unisetoides) by Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443–523.Type locality references:
Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523.
Distribution
States
Tasmania
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus Beddard, F.E. 1891. Anatomical description of two new genera of aquatic Oligochaeta. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 36: 273-303 [273].
Type species:
Phreodrilus subterraneus Beddard, 1891 by original designation.
Distribution
States
New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
IBRA
NSW, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Ben Lomond (BEL), Carnarvon (CAR), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), King (KIN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Murchison (MUR), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), NSW North Coast (NNC), Pilbara (PIL), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Yalgoo (YAL)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- New South Wales: SE coastal
- Tasmania
- Victoria: SE coastal
- Western Australia: NW coastal
- New Zealand
- South Island
Neotropical Region
- Chile
Palaearctic Region
- Oman
Distribution References
- Beddard, F.E. 1891. Anatomical description of two new genera of aquatic Oligochaeta. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 36: 273-303
- Brinkhurst, R.O. 1971. The aquatic Oligochaeta known from Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, and the adjacent islands. University of Queensland Papers 3: 99-128
- Brinkhurst, R.O. & Marchese, M.R. 1989. Guide to the Freshwater Aquatic Oligochaeta of South and Central America. Santo Tome, Argentina : Asociacion Ciencias Naturales del Litoral 178 pp.
- Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Hesperodrilus branchiatus Beddard, F.E. 1894. Preliminary notice of South American Tubificidae collected by Dr Michaelson, including the description of a branchiate form. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6: 205-210 [207].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH 1904.10.20.481 and 485-6 mature worm sectioned on slides, Valdivia, Chile (River mud — "Flussschlamm").Type locality references:
Michaelsen, W. 1900. Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich 10: 1-565 [38].
Distribution
States
New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria
IBRA
NSW, Tas, Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- New South Wales: SE coastal
- Tasmania
- Victoria: SE coastal
Neotropical Region
- Chile
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lentic freshwater, lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus diemenensis Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [452].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:2568 mature sectioned specimen, Melaleuca Creek, near junction with Alexander Creek, south-western Tasmania, Australia [43.42S 146.15E].
Paratype(s) QVM 14:2569-72 1 mature whole-mounted on slide and 3 sectioned, Melaleuca Creek, near junction with Alexander Creek, south-western Tasmania, Australia.
Distribution
States
Tasmania, Victoria
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Tas, Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria: SE coastal
Ecological Descriptors
Lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
Species Phreodrilus linnaei Pinder, 2008
- Phreodrilus linnaei Pinder, A.M. 2008. Phreodrilidae (Clitellata: Annelida) in north-western Australia with descriptions of two new species. Records of the Western Australian Museum 24: 459-468 [461].
Type data:
Holotype V7430 slide mount, Western Australia: Main Roads, Department groundwater bore HMBR#1 on Hamersley Mount Bruce Road about half way between Karijini Drive and Nanutarra-Munjina Road (site PSS043 of PBS), Fortescue River catchment [22°30'06.3"S 117°57'38.3"E].
Paratype(s); 2 specimens (slide mounts), same data as for holotype.
Distribution
States
Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Known only from type locality.
IBRA
WA: Pilbara (PIL)
Ecological Descriptors
Underground water.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus melaleucensis Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [454].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:2573 mature specimen on slide, Melaleuca Creek, near junction with Alexander Creek, south-western Tasmania, Australia [43.42S 146.15E].
Distribution
States
Tasmania
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
Ecological Descriptors
Lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus mitodes Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [455].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:2574 mature sectioned on slides, Southwell River, north-western Tasmania, Australia [41.59S 145.74E].
Distribution
States
Tasmania
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus peniculus Pinder, A.M. 2003. New species and records of Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 21: 307-313 [307].
Type data:
Holotype WAM V 4205 dissected specimen, Warrie Spring, Pilbara, Western Australia.
Paratype(s) WAM V 4206 and 4207 2 slide mounted specimens, spring flowing into Cangan Pool on Cockerega Creek, Pilbara region, Western Australia; WAM V4209 1 specimen on slide, Palm Spring, Fortescue River, Pilbara region, Western Australia.
Distribution
States
Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
WA: Pilbara (PIL)
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, underground water.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodriloidinae Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), with a description of a new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2031-2040 [2039].
- Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), with a description of a new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2031-2040 [2040]
Diagnosis
Spermathecal pores ventral or with spermathecae absent.
Diagnosis References
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), with a description of a new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2031-2040 [2039]
Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [472]
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Astacopsidrilus Goddard, E.J. 1909. Contribution to a further knowledge of Australasian Oligochaeta. Part I. Description of two species of a new genus of Phreodrilidae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 768-793 [769].
Type species:
Astacopsidrilus notabilis Goddard, 1909 by subsequent designation, see Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), with a description of a new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2031-2040 [2040].
Distribution
States
New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Western Australia
IBRA
NSW, Qld, Tas, WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Flinders (FLI), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)
Other Regions
Macquarie Island terrestrial & freshwater
Distribution References
- Benham, W.C. 1909. Report on Oligochaeta of the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand. pp. 251-294 in Chilton, C. (ed.). The Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand. Canterbury, New Zealand : Christchurch Philosophical Institute of Canterbury Vol. 2.
- Giani, N., Martin, P. & Juget, J. 1995. A new species of Phreodrilidae (Oligochaeta), Astacopsidrilus naceri sp. nov., from Morocco (North Africa), with notes on the biogeography of the family. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 2375-2381
- Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523
Diagnosis
Plesiopore female pores usually within ventral spermathecal vestibulae. Spermathecal vestibulae deep and muscular with muscular connections to the dorsal body wall. Well-developed pendant penes present. Some species ectocommensal on freshwater crayfish (Euastacus).
Diagnosis References
Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [496]
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 12-Feb-2013 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus campbellianus Benham, W.C. 1909. Report on Oligochaeta of the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand. pp. 251-294 in Chilton, C. (ed.). The Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand. Canterbury, New Zealand : Christchurch Philosophical Institute of Canterbury Vol. 2. [256].
Type data:
Holotype OMNZ A69.38-39 mature sectioned worm, near stream running from the flanks of Mount Honey, Campbell Island (under rocks on the seashore).
Distribution
Extra Distribution Information
Specimens identified as Astacopsidrilus campbellianus by Brinkhurst, R.O. 1982. Additional aquatic Oligochaeta from Australia and New Zealand. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum of Launceston 78: 1–13 from mainland Australia were subsequently described as Phreodrilus diemenensis Pinder & Brinkhurst, 1997.
Other Regions
Macquarie Island terrestrial & freshwater
Distribution References
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 12-Feb-2013 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Astacopsidrilus edwardi Pinder, A.M. 2003. New species and records of Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 21: 307-313 [309].
Type data:
Holotype WAM V4210 dissected specimen, Merredin Rock, Wheatbelt region, Western Australia.
Paratype(s) WAM V4211-4215 4 on slides, others in alcohol, Merredin Rock, Wheatbelt region, Western Australia; WAM V4221-4228 7 on slides and others in alcohol, Boorabin Rock, Wheatbelt region, Western Australia; WAM V4229-4233 4 on slides and others in alcohol, Woorkabing Hill, Wheatbelt region, Western Australia.
Distribution
States
Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mallee (MAL), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Western Australia: SW coastal
Ecological Descriptors
Granite moss beds.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
Distribution
States
New South Wales
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
NSW: NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- New South Wales: SE coastal
Ecological Descriptors
Commensal (host(s): Euastacus sp. [PARASTACIDAE] Freshwater Crayfish), freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
17-Oct-2023 | ANNELIDA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | |
17-Oct-2023 | CLITELLATA | 19-Sep-2023 | MODIFIED | |
17-Oct-2023 | TUBIFICIDA Brinkhurst, 1982 | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | |
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED |
- Astacopsidrilus jamiesoni Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), with a description of a new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2031-2040 [2033].
Type data:
Holotype QM GH 5062 mature specimen sectioned on slides, Lamington National Park, Queensland, Australia.
Paratype(s) QM GH 5063-5065 1 sectioned, 2 on slides, Lamington National Park, Queensland, Australia.
Distribution
States
Queensland
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Queensland: NE coastal
Ecological Descriptors
Commensal, freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Astacopsidrilus myothyros Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [507].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:2624 mature specimen sectioned on slides, Melaleuca Creek, south-west Tasmania, Australia [43.42S 146.15E].
Paratype(s) QVM 14:2625-2638 4 sectioned, 6 whole on slides and 4 in alcohol, Melaleuca Creek, south-west Tasmania, Australia.Type host:
Euastacus sp. [PARASTACIDAE]
Distribution
States
Tasmania
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
Distribution
States
New South Wales
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
NSW: NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- New South Wales: SE coastal
Ecological Descriptors
Commensal (host(s): Euastacus sp. [PARASTACIDAE] Freshwater Crayfish), freshwater, lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
17-Oct-2023 | ANNELIDA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | |
17-Oct-2023 | CLITELLATA | 19-Sep-2023 | MODIFIED | |
17-Oct-2023 | TUBIFICIDA Brinkhurst, 1982 | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | |
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED |
- Astacopsidrilus ostiensis Pinder, A.M. & Erséus, C. 2000. New Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Tasmanian estuaries. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 124: 29-33 [29].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:3865 longitudinally sectioned specimen on 2 slides with posterior mounted separately, Swan Bay, Macquarie Harbour, west coast of Tasmania, Australia [41.21S 145.27E].
Paratype(s) QVM 14: 3866 to 3877 3 sectioned, 8 whole-mounted, others in alcohol (material includes the WAM specimens), Swan Bay, Macquarie Harbour, west coast of Tasmania, Australia; WAM V 41-40 to 41-42 see QVM paratypes, Swan Bay, Macquarie Harbour, west coast of Tasmania, Australia.
Distribution
States
Tasmania
Extra Distribution Information
Known only from type locality.
IBRA
Tas: Tasmanian West (TWE)
Ecological Descriptors
Estuary.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 05-Feb-2013 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus plumaseta Brinkhurst, R.O. & Fulton, W. 1979. Some aquatic Oligochaeta from Tasmania. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, Launceston 64: 1-13 [4].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:288 mature worm on slide (2 mature worms mounted on the slide, unclear which is holotype), Brandum Bay, Great Lake, central Tasmania.
Paratype(s) QVM 14:289-296 4 mature sectioned, Brandum Bay, Great Lake, central Tasmania; QVM 14:297-299 2 mature on slides, 1 sectioned, Lake Pedder.
Distribution
States
Tasmania
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lake.
Diagnosis
Atria elongate and folded with uniform lining tissue. Dorsal setae all brush-tipped single hairs. Ventral setae all bifid, none enlarged. Modified spermathecal setae extremely long and projecting into separate vestibulae. Free living.
Diagnosis References
Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [503]
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Insulodrilus Brinkhurst, R.O. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), with a description of a new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 2031-2040 [2040].
Type species:
Phreodrilus lacustris Benham, 1903 (=Insulodrilus lacustris (Benham, 1903)) by original designation.
Excluded Taxa
- Misidentifications
PHREODRILIDAE: Phreodrilus mauienensis Brinkhurst, 1971 — Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [451]
Distribution
States
Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
IBRA
Carnarvon (CAR), Pilbara (PIL) ; Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Ben Lomond (BEL), Carnarvon (CAR), Esperance Plains (ESP), Flinders (FLI), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), Pilbara (PIL), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Afrotropical Region
- Burundi
- Congo
Antarctic Region
- Subantarctic Islands
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria: SE coastal
- Western Australia: SW coastal
- New Zealand
- South Island
Neotropical Region
- Argentina
Distribution References
- Benham, W.B. 1903. On some new species of aquatic Oligochaeta from New Zealand. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 2: 202-232
- Brinkhurst, R.O. 1970. A further contribution to towards a study of the aquatic Oligochaeta of Africa. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 81: 101-108
- Brinkhurst, R.O. & Marchese, M.R. 1989. Guide to the Freshwater Aquatic Oligochaeta of South and Central America. Santo Tome, Argentina : Asociacion Ciencias Naturales del Litoral 178 pp.
- Martin, P. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1994. A new species of Insulodrilus (Oligochaeta, Phreodrilidae) from Lake Tanganyika (East Africa) with notes on the oligochaete fauna of the lake. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 130: 249-256
- Martin, P. & Giani, N. 1995. Insulodrilus martensi, a new species of Phreodrilidae (Oligochaeta) from lake Tanganyika (East Africa). Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 31: 3-8
- Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523
Diagnosis
Spermathecal pores ventral within small to moderately large vestibulae. Well developed pendant penes present. Female pores within intersegmental furrow of 12/13 or plesiopore on anterior on XIII, but not within spermathecal vestibulae.
Diagnosis References
Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [481]
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
17-Oct-2023 | ANNELIDA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | |
17-Oct-2023 | CLITELLATA | 19-Sep-2023 | MODIFIED | |
17-Oct-2023 | TUBIFICIDA Brinkhurst, 1982 | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | |
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
17-Oct-2023 | MODIFIED |
Species Insulodrilus angela Pinder, 2008
- Insulodrilus angela Pinder, A.M. 2008. Phreodrilidae (Clitellata: Annelida) in north-western Australia with descriptions of two new species. Records of the Western Australian Museum 24: 459-468 [463].
Type data:
Holotype WAM WAM V7433 slide mount, Western Australia, bore WAWB51, West Angela mine site, approximately 100 km NW of Newman [23°09'11.6"S 118°44'51.3"E].
Paratype(s) WAM 8 specimens, various bores in Pilbara Region and Cape Range.
Distribution
IBRA
Carnarvon (CAR), Pilbara (PIL)
Ecological Descriptors
Larva: underground water.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Insulodrilus bifidus Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [491].
Type data:
Holotype WAM 94-94 mature specimen on slide, near Lake Poorginup, Western Australia (surface water in roadside shrubland) [34.55S 116.74E].
Paratype(s) WAM 95-94 to 102-94 3 matures on slide, others in alcohol, near Lake Poorginup, Western Australia and other localities in Warren bioregion of south-western Australia.
Distribution
States
Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
WA: Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Esperance Plains (ESP), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Mallee (MAL), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Western Australia: SW coastal
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lentic freshwater, lotic freshwater, swamp.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus breviatria Brinkhurst, R.O. & Fulton, W. 1979. Some aquatic Oligochaeta from Tasmania. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, Launceston 64: 1-13 [6].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:304 mature specimen on slide, Cramps Bay, Great Lake, Tasmania, Australia [41.86S 146.81E].
Paratype(s) QVM 14:305-308 4 mature on slides, Brandum Bay, Great Lake, Tasmania, Australia [41.82S 146.67E].
Distribution
States
Tasmania
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lake.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus lacustris Benham, W.B. 1903. On some new species of aquatic Oligochaeta from New Zealand. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 2: 202-232 [204].
Distribution
States
Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Barrow Island
IBRA
Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Ben Lomond (BEL), Esperance Plains (ESP), Flinders (FLI), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), Pilbara (PIL), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria: SE coastal
- Western Australia: SW coastal
- New Zealand
- South Island
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lentic freshwater, lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 06-Jan-2015 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus magnaseta Brinkhurst, R.O. & Fulton, W. 1979. Some aquatic Oligochaeta from Tasmania. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, Launceston 64: 1-13 [5].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:547-548 mature sectioned worm, Swan Bay, Great Lake, Tasmania, Australia [41.98S 146.69E].
Paratype(s) QVM 14:549-552 1 mature sectioned worm, Cramps Bay, Great Lake, Tasmania [41.86S 146.81E]; QVM 14:549-554, 556-557 2 sectioned and 3 whole-mounted on slides, Swan Bay and Cramps Bay, Great Lake, Tasmania, Australia.
Distribution
States
Tasmania
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lake.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodrilus nudus Brinkhurst, R.O. & Fulton, W. 1979. Some aquatic Oligochaeta from Tasmania. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, Launceston 64: 1-13 [5].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:300 mature specimen on slide, South Esk River, Tasmania, Australia.
Paratype(s) QVM 14:301-303 3 specimens on slides, South Esk River, Tasmania, Australia.
Distribution
States
Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Ben Lomond (BEL), Esperance Plains (ESP), Flinders (FLI), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Yalgoo (YAL)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria: SE coastal
- Western Australia: SW coastal
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lentic freshwater, lotic freshwater, peat swamps, swamp.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Insulodrilus parviseta Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [486].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:2610 mature specimen on slide, Que River, north-east Tasmania [41.57S 145.68E].
Paratype(s) QVM 14:2611-2623 whole-mounted and alcohol preserved specimens, Que River and Southwell River, Tasmania, Australia.
Distribution
States
Tasmania
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Insulodrilus unisetoides Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [495].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:235a+b mature worm on 2 slides (former paratype of Antarctodrilus uniseta), 1 km west of King William Saddle, Tasmania, Australia (trickle) [42.21S 146.10E].
Distribution
States
Tasmania
Extra Distribution Information
Known only from type locality.
IBRA
Tas: Tasmanian West (TWE)
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
17-Oct-2023 | OLIGOCHAETA | 05-Feb-2013 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson |
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Nesodrilus Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523.
Type species:
Phreodrilus kerguelenensis Michaelsen, 1903 (=Nesodrilus kerguelenensis (Michaelsen, 1903)) by original designation.
Distribution
States
Tasmania
IBRA
Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Antarctic Region
- Subantarctic Islands
- Crozet Islands
- Kerguélen Island
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
Oriental Region
- Sri Lanka
Distribution References
- Michaelsen, W. 1903. Die Oligochaten der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Erorterung der Terricolenfauna oceanischer Inseln, insbesondere der Inseln des subantarktischen Meeres. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899 3: 131-168
- Michaelsen, W. 1905. Die oligochaeten der schwedischen Südpolar-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Südpolar-Expedition 1901–1903 5: 1-12
- Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523
- Stephenson, J. 1913. On a collection of Oligochaeta mainly from Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica 8: 251-276
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Nesodrilus southwellensis Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [477].
Type data:
Holotype QVM 14:2596 mature specimen on slide, Southwell River, north-eastern Tasmania, Australia [41.58S 145.73E].
Distribution
States
Tasmania
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
Tas: Ben Lomond (BEL), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Tasmania
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodriloides Benham, W.B. 1907. On the Oligochaeta from the Blue Lake, Mount Kosciusko. Records of the Australian Museum 6: 251-264.
Type species:
Phreodriloides notabilis Benham, 1907 by monotypy.
Distribution
States
New South Wales
IBRA
NSW: NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- New South Wales: SE coastal
Diagnosis
Atria highly muscular with thin lining tissue and wide lumen used for sperm storage. Small, but well-developed pendant penes present within penis sacs. Spermathecae absent. Female ducts plesiopore.
Diagnosis References
Pinder, A.M. & Brinkhurst, R.O. 1997. A review of the Phreodrilidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Tubificida) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 11: 443-523 [472]
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Phreodriloides notabilis Benham, W.B. 1907. On the Oligochaeta from the Blue Lake, Mount Kosciusko. Records of the Australian Museum 6: 251-264 [260].
Type data:
Holotype AM G5606-9 mature sectioned on slide with head and tail mounted seperately, Blue Lake, Kosciuszko, New South Wales, Australia [36.41S 148.31E].
Distribution
States
New South Wales
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
NSW: NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- New South Wales: SE coastal
Ecological Descriptors
Detritivore, interstitial waters, lake, lotic freshwater.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
15-Jul-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Tasmaniaedrilus tasmaniaensis Goddard, E.J. & Malan, D.E. 1913. Contributions to a knowledge of South African Oligochaeta.- Part I. On a phreodrilid from Stellenbosch Mountain. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 3: 231-241 [232] [description inadequate to place taxon within currently recognised classification].
- Astacopsidrilus novus Jackson, A. 1931. The Oligochaeta of South-Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 17: 71-136 [77] [the unusual genitalia make it difficult to place this species with confidence and some features of the description seem unusual for the family].
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
12-Feb-2010 | (import) |