• Leiopotherapon Fowler, H.W. 1931. Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. The fishes of the families Pseudochromidae, Lobotidae, Pempheridae, Priacanthidae, Lutjanidae, Pomadasyidae, and Terapontidae collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Albatross, chiefly in Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 100(11): 1-388 figs 1-29 [353] [as subgenus of Terapon].

  Type species:

   Datnia plumbea Kner, 1865 by original designation.
• Madigania Whitley, G.P. 1945. The Simpson desert expedition, 1939. Scientific reports: No. 5 Biology - Fishes. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 69(1): 10-13 [10].

  Type species:

   Therapon unicolor Günther, 1859 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Vari, R.P. 1978. The terapon perches (Percoidei, Terapontidae) a cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 159(5): 175-340 figs 1-94 [227]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific.

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld, SA, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Finke (FIN), Gascoyne (GAS), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Tanami (TAN), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

General References

Allen, G.R. 1989. Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Neptune, New Jersey : T.F.H. Publications 240 pp., 63 pls.

Allen, G.R., Midgley, S.H. & Allen, M. 2002. Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 394 pp.

Merrick, J.R. & Schmida, G.E. 1984. Australian Freshwater Fishes Biology and Management. Sydney : J.R. Merrick 409 pp. figs 280 col. figs.

Vari, R.P. 1978. The terapon perches (Percoidei, Terapontidae) a cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 159(5): 175-340 figs 1-94

History of changes

• Therapon aheneus Mees, G.F. 1963. Description of a new freshwater fish of the family Theraponidae from Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 46(1): 1-4 fig. 1 [2].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM P.5350, Millstream Pool, WA.
  Paratype(s) RMNH 24650; WAM P.5351-001; WAM P.5358-001; WAM P.5373-001; WAM P.5423-001; WAM P.5424-001.

Generic Combinations

• Leiopotherapon aheneus (Mees, 1963). —
  Vari, R.P. 1978. The terapon perches (Percoidei, Terapontidae) a cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 159(5): 175-340 figs 1-94 [236-238]
• Mesopristes aheneus (Mees, 1963). —
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Brisbane : Jacaranda Press 127 pp. [76]
  Lake, J.S. 1978. Australian Freshwater Fishes. Melbourne : Thomas Nelson 160 pp. 140 figs. [56]

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Fortescue (21º25´S), Robe (21º44'S) and upper Ashburton Rivers (22º45´S), WA; tropical.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

WA: Gascoyne (GAS), Pilbara (PIL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Western Australia: NW coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Freshwater, omnivore.

Extra Ecological Information

Primarily herbivorous

General References

Allen, G.R. 1982. Inland Fishes of Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 86 pp. 6 figs 20 pls. [48]

Allen, G.R., Cross, N. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Terapontidae. pp. 1331-1342 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [1336]

Allen, G.R., Midgley, S.H. & Allen, M. 2002. Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 394 pp. [225]

Davis, A.M., Unmack, P.J., Pusey, B.J., Pearson, R.G. & Morgan, D.L. 2013. Ontogenetic development of intestinal length and relationships to diet in an Australasian fish family (Terapontidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 53, 16 pp.

Lake, J.S. 1978. Australian Freshwater Fishes. Melbourne : Thomas Nelson 160 pp. 140 figs. [56] (as Mesopristes aheneus)

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [533]

Unmack, P.J. 2001. Biogeography of Australian freshwater fishes. Journal of Biogeography 28: 1053-1089 [1063]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [42] (892, as Mesopristes aheneus)

Common Name References

Allen, G.R. 1982. Inland Fishes of Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 86 pp. 6 figs 20 pls. [48] (Fortescue Grunter)

Merrick, J.R. & Schmida, G.E. 1984. Australian Freshwater Fishes Biology and Management. Sydney : J.R. Merrick 409 pp. figs 280 col. figs. [220] (Western Grunter)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Fortescue Grunter)

History of changes

• Leiopotherapon macrolepis Vari, R.P. 1978. The terapon perches (Percoidei, Terapontidae) a cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 159(5): 175-340 figs 1-94 [235].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM P.25392–001, Youwanjela Creek, tributary of Prince Regent River, WA.
  Paratype(s) AMNH 33976-77; WAM P.25025-002; WAM P.25026-003; WAM P.25027-003; WAM P.25029-002; WAM P.25032-005; WAM P.25040-002.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Prince Regent River (15º50´S) and Upper Roe River (15º25´S), WA; tropical.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

WA: Northern Kimberley (NK)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Freshwater, omnivore.

General References

Allen, G.R. 1982. Inland Fishes of Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 86 pp. 6 figs 20 pls. [49]

Allen, G.R., Cross, N. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Terapontidae. pp. 1331-1342 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [1336]

Allen, G.R., Midgley, S.H. & Allen, M. 2002. Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 394 pp. [226]

Lake, J.S. 1978. Australian Freshwater Fishes. Melbourne : Thomas Nelson 160 pp. 140 figs. [52] (as undescribed species)

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [534]

Unmack, P.J. 2001. Biogeography of Australian freshwater fishes. Journal of Biogeography 28: 1053-1089 [1063]

Common Name References

Allen, G.R. 1982. Inland Fishes of Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 86 pp. 6 figs 20 pls. [49] (Large Scale Grunter)

Merrick, J.R. & Schmida, G.E. 1984. Australian Freshwater Fishes Biology and Management. Sydney : J.R. Merrick 409 pp. figs 280 col. figs. [220] (Kimberley Spangled Perch, Large-scaled Grunter)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Kimberley Spangled Perch)

History of changes

• Therapon unicolor Günther, A. 1859. Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. Gasterosteidae, Berycidae, Percidae, Aphredoderidae, Pristipomatidae, Mullidae, Sparidae. London : British Museum Vol. 1 524 pp. [277].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1846.3.24.4, Mosquito Creek, Gwydir River, NSW; BMNH 1846.8.12.2–3, Mosquito Creek, Gwydir River, NSW; BMNH 1853.1.11.12–15, Mosquito Creek, Gwydir River, NSW.
• Datnia brevipinnis Steindachner, F. 1867. Ichthyologische Notizen (6).1. Über eine Sammlung von Fischen von Cap York in Australien. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 56(1): 307-320 [309].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) NHMW 35319-21, Cape York, QLD; NHMW 35323, Cape York, QLD.
• Therapon truttaceus Macleay, W.J. 1881. Descriptive catalogue of the fishes of Australia. Part 4. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1 6(2): 202-387 [sometimes cited as 1882] [366].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM I.16335–001, Endeavour River, QLD; AM I.16336–001, Endeavour River, QLD.
• Therapon longulus Macleay, W.J. 1881. Descriptive catalogue of the fishes of Australia. Part 4. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1 6(2): 202-387 [sometimes cited as 1882] [367].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown, Port Darwin, NT.
• Therapon elphinstonensis De Vis, C.W. 1884. On a new form of the genus Therapon. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 1(2): 56-57 [57].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) QM I.2288, Lake Elphinstone, QLD; QM I.1906, Lake Elphinstone, QLD.
• Terapon idoneus Ogilby, J.D. 1907. On a new Terapon from the Stanthorpe district, southern Queensland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 20: 37-40 [37].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM I.2250, upper Condamine River, QLD.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Vari, R.P. 1978. The terapon perches (Percoidei, Terapontidae) a cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 159(5): 175-340 figs 1-94 [231]

Generic Combinations

• Leiopotherapon unicolor (Günther, 1859). —
  Vari, R.P. 1978. The terapon perches (Percoidei, Terapontidae) a cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 159(5): 175-340 figs 1-94 [231-235]
• Madigania unicolor (Günther, 1859). —
  Whitley, G.P. 1945. The Simpson desert expedition, 1939. Scientific reports: No. 5 Biology - Fishes. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 69(1): 10-13 [10] (changed combination as type of genus Madigania)
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Brisbane : Jacaranda Press 127 pp. [72]
  Scott, T.D., Glover, C.J.M. & Southcott, R.V. 1974. The Marine and Freshwater Fishes of South Australia. Adelaide : Government Printer 392 pp. figs. [243]
  Lake, J.S. 1978. Australian Freshwater Fishes. Melbourne : Thomas Nelson 160 pp. 140 figs. [52]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Greenough River, WA (28º54´S) across northern Australia and south to vicinity of Newcastle, NSW (32º56´S), widely distributed through central Australia, south to the Finke River drainage (25º33´S) and Murray Darling system north of Condobolin (33º05'S); tropical.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld, SA, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Finke (FIN), Gascoyne (GAS), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Tanami (TAN), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Carnivorous, freshwater.

General References

Allen, G.R. 1982. Inland Fishes of Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 86 pp. 6 figs 20 pls. [49]

Allen, G.R., Cross, N. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Terapontidae. pp. 1331-1342 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [1336]

Allen, G.R., Midgley, S.H. & Allen, M. 2002. Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 394 pp. [227]

Bostock, B.M., Adams, M., Laurenson, L.J.B. & Austin, C.M. 2006. The molecular systematics of Leiopotherapon unicolor (Günther, 1859): testing for cryptic speciation in Australia's most widespread freshwater fish. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 87(4): 537–552

Davis, A.M., Unmack, P.J., Pusey, B.J., Pearson, R.G. & Morgan, D.L. 2013. Ontogenetic development of intestinal length and relationships to diet in an Australasian fish family (Terapontidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 53, 16 pp.

Grant, E.M. 2002. Guide to Fishes. Redcliffe : EM Grant Pty Ltd 880 pp. [820]

Larson, H.K. & Martin, K.C. 1990. Freshwater Fishes of the Northern Territory. Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences Handbook Series Number 1. Darwin : Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 102 pp. 73 figs. [50]

Leggett, R. & Merrick, J.R. 1987. Australian Native Fishes for Aquariums. Artarmon : J.R. Merrick Publications 241 pp. 142 figs. [172]

Lintermans, M. 2009. Fishes of the Murray-Darling Basin — An Introductory Guide. Canberra : Murray-Darling Basin Commission 157 pp. [MDBC Publication Number 10/07] [84]

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part II. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 145–329 [161] (as Terapon unicolor)

McDowall, R.M. (ed.) 1980. Freshwater Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Sydney : A.H. & A.W. Reed 208 pp., figs, 32 pls. [151]

Merrick, J.R. 1996. Family Terapontidae. pp. 164-167 in McDowall, R.M. (ed.). Freshwater Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Sydney : Reed Books 247 pp. [166]

Morgan, D.L. & Gill, H.S. 2006. Osteology of the first dorsal fin in two terapontid fishes, Leiopotherapon unicolor (Günther, 1859) and Amniataba caudavittata (Richardson, 1845), from Western Australia: evidence for hybridisation? Records of the Western Australian Museum 23: 133---144

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [534]

Pusey, B.J., Kennard, M.J. & Arthington, A.H. 2004. Freshwater Fishes of North-eastern Australia. Collingwood, Victoria : CSIRO Publishing 684 pp. [369]

Unmack, P.J. 2001. Biogeography of Australian freshwater fishes. Journal of Biogeography 28: 1053-1089 [1063]

Wager, R. & Unmack, P.J. 2000. Fishes of the Lake Eyre Catchment of Central Australia. Brisbane : Department of Primary Industries and Queensland Fisheries Service 88 pp. [48]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [42] (888, as Madigania unicolor)

Common Name References

Grant, E.M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. Brisbane : Queensland Government, Co-ordinator General’s Department 640 pp. [542] (Bobby, Nicky)

McDowall, R.M. (ed.) 1980. Freshwater Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Sydney : A.H. & A.W. Reed 208 pp., figs, 32 pls. [152] (Spangled Perch, Bobby Cod, Bobby Perch, Jewel Perch, Spangled Grunter, Trout Cod)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Spangled Perch)

History of changes