Introduction
Levinsen (1909) introduced the family Crepidacanthidae for his genus Crepidacantha alone. Bassler (1953) included several additional genera, but when Brown reviewed the genus in 1954, he rejected these, considering the family as monogeneric. The earliest Australian record attributable to Crepidacantha was of a species described as Lepralia setigera by MacGillivray from Port Phillip in 1883.
Crepidacantha is characterised by encrusting colonies, the zooid frontal shield being imperforate except for marginal frontal septulae, which extend distally round the orifice, which has well-developed lateral condyles. Zooids communicate through pore-chambers, which form a circlet round the basal wall. Avicularia are latero-oral, and paired, each derived from a frontal septula. Mandibles are often elongated and setiform. The ovicell is developed from a distally enlarged maternal zooid, and its ontogeny is complete before the next zooid is budded distally ('recumbent'); there is an entozooidal porous frontal area. One of the most distinctive features of the genus can usually only be seen early in ontogeny of the zooids. Each zooid develops a circle of marginal cuticular spinous processes from the lateral walls, between the pore-chambers and the frontal septulae. These may become partially calcified, but are usually lost later in ontogeny. It is possible that they assist the growing edge of the colony to combat competition from other species.
The genus Crepidacantha has a world-wide distribution in tropical and subtropical shelf waters, particularly on coral (Winston 1986). Species are present in the Miocene and Pleistocene deposits of New Zealand (Brown 1954). More than a dozen species have been described and at least four of these occur in Australia. The majority of records are from Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland (Ryland & Hayward 1992). Two Victorian species are known only from Australia, these being C. bracebridgei and C. kirkpatricki (Brown, 1954).
Diagnosis
Colony well calcified, encrusting, often associated with corals. Zooids with a lepralioid frontal shield, with marginal pores only, intercommunicating through prominent pore chambers. Cuticular spines surrounding each zooid present early in ontogeny. Avicularia paired, oral, usually with setiform or elongated mandibles. Ovicells 'recumbent' with a porous frontal area of entooecium.
General References
Brown, D.A. 1954. On the polyzoan genus Crepidacantha Levinsen. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 2(7): 243-263
Macgillivray, P.H. 1883. Descriptions of new or little-known Polyzoa. Part 2. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 19: 130-138
Ryland, J.S. & Hayward, P.J. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32(1): 223-301
Winston, J.E. 1986. An annotated checklist of coral-associated bryozoans. American Museum Novitates No. 2859: 39 pp.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25-Mar-2014 | BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 25-Mar-2014 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
12-Feb-2010 | (import) |
- Crepidacantha Levinsen, G.M.R. 1909. Morphological and systematic studies on the cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Copenhagen : Nationale Forfatteres Forlag 431 pp. [266].
Type species:
Crepidacantha (Crinispina) poissoni Levinsen, 1909 by monotypy.
Distribution
States
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria
IMCRA
Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Lower E coast, NE coast
- New Zealand
- Vanuatu
Oriental Region
- Indonesia
- Philippines
- Thailand
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25-Mar-2014 | BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 25-Mar-2014 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
29-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Crepidacantha bracebridgei Brown, D.A. 1954. On the polyzoan genus Crepidacantha Levinsen. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 2(7): 243-263 [255].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH 1888.11.14.224 1 colony (Bracebridge Wilson collection), Port Phillip Heads, VIC.
Paratype(s) BMNH 1888.11.14.434 1 colony, Port Phillip Heads, VIC; BMNH 1897.5.1.833 1 colony, Port Phillip Heads, VIC; BMNH 1888.11.14.116 1 colony, Port Phillip Heads, VIC.
Distribution
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IMCRA
Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait
Ecological Descriptors
Colonial, filter-feeder, sessile, subtidal.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25-Mar-2014 | BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 25-Mar-2014 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
29-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
Species Crepidacantha carsioseta Winston & Heimberg, 1986
Compiler and date details
July 2001 - Dr Philip Bock
- Crepidacantha carsioseta Winston, J.E., & Heimberg, B.F. 1986. Bryozoans from Bali, Lombok, and Komodo. American Museum Novitates 2847: 1-49 [27].
Type data:
Holotype AMNH 612 1 colony, Sanur, Indonesia.
Distribution
States
Queensland
IMCRA
Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- 200 m bathymetric: NE coast
- Vanuatu
Oriental Region
- Indonesia
Ecological Descriptors
Colonial, continental shelf, encrusting, filter-feeder, sessile.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25-Mar-2014 | BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 25-Mar-2014 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
29-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Crepidacantha craticula Tilbrook, K.J. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs 4(Studies in Biodiversity Number 3): 1-386 [276].
Type data:
Holotype SBMNH 365756, Kokomu Tamba Island, Tulaghi Harbour, Nggela Sule, Florida Islands, Solomon Islands.
Distribution
States
Queensland
IMCRA
Northeast Shelf Province (40)
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 23-Jul-2010 | ADDED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
Species Crepidacantha crinispina Levinsen, 1909
Compiler and date details
July 2001 - Dr Philip Bock
- Crepidacantha crinispina Levinsen, G.M.R. 1909. Morphological and systematic studies on the cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Copenhagen : Nationale Forfatteres Forlag 431 pp. [266].
Type data:
Lectotype ZMUC ? Specimen (Chosen by Brown 1952.), Koh Kram, Bangkok, Thailand, 30 fms.
Distribution
States
Victoria
IMCRA
Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait
- New Zealand
Oriental Region
- Philippines
- Thailand
Ecological Descriptors
Colonial, continental shelf, filter-feeder, sessile.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25-Mar-2014 | BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 25-Mar-2014 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
29-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |
- Crepidacantha kirkpatricki Brown, D.A. 1954. On the polyzoan genus Crepidacantha Levinsen. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 2(7): 243-263 [256].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH 1888.11.14.426 1 colony (Bracebridge Wilson Coll.), Port Phillip Heads, VIC.
Paratype(s) ZMUC 1/8/90 1 colony, Port Phillip Heads, VIC.
Distribution
States
New South Wales, Victoria
IMCRA
Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Lower E coast
- New Zealand
Ecological Descriptors
Colonial, continental shelf, encrusting, filter-feeder, sessile.
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
25-Mar-2014 | BRYOZOA Ehrenberg, 1831 | 25-Mar-2014 | MODIFIED | Dr Robin Wilson (NMV) Elizabeth Greaves (NMV) |
29-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |