Vascular Plants Australian Plant Name Index (APNI)

The Australian Plant Name Index (APNI) is a tool for the botanical community that deals with plant names and their usage in the scientific literature, whether as a current name or synonym. APNI does not recommend any particular taxonomy or nomenclature. For a listing of currently accepted scientific names for the Australian vascular flora, please use the Australian Plant Census (APC) link above.

Name search
Advanced search

name

You will get suggestions as you type in your query, they tell you what your query will return, and you can select one for an exact match.
The query is not case sensitive.
This search uses an automatic wild card at the end of the query to match all endings (unless the query is in double quotes).
The query is an ordered set of search terms, so viola l. will match "Viola L." and "Viola L. sect Viola."
Putting double quotes around your entire query will cause it to be matched exactly (except case). e.g. "Viola L." will match just Viola L.
You can use a % as a wild card inside the search query e.g. hakea elon% be or "hakea % var. elon% benth." to find "Hakea ceratophylla var. elongata Benth."

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Pick the types of name to include. If none are checked, then Scientific and cultivated plant names will be included.

Scientific names

Names of cultivated plants

Other names, e.g. common

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Showing Violaceae

Violaceae Batsch

APC
Plantae(reg.)
Charophyta(div.)
Equisetopsida(cl.)
Magnoliidae(subcl.)
Rosanae(superordo)
Malpighiales(ordo)
Violaceae(fam.)

Violaceae Batsch

, nom. cons.

, scientific

Batsch, A.J.G.C. (1802), Tabula Affinitatum Regni Vegetabilis

:

57

[tax. nov.]

Type: Viola L.

Mueller, F.J.H. von (1882), Systematic Census of Australian Plants

:

6

[secondary reference]

Mueller, F.J.H. von (December 1889), Second Systematic Census of Australian Plants

:

10

BHL

[secondary reference]

Sulman, F. (1914), A Popular Guide to the Wild Flowers of New South Wales II

:

12

[secondary reference]

Ewart, A.J. (1925), Handbook of Forest Trees for Victorian Foresters

:

229

[secondary reference]

Black, J.M. (December 1926), Meliaceae - Scrophulariaceae.

Flora of South Australia

:

393

[secondary reference]

Black, J.M. (1952), Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 3

:

588

[secondary reference]

Curtis, W.M. (1956), The Student's Flora of Tasmania 1

:

51

[secondary reference]

Beadle, N.C.W., Evans, O.D. & Carolin, R.C. (1962), Handbook of the Vascular Plants of the Sydney District and Blue Mountains

:

144

[secondary reference]

Burbidge, N.T. & Gray, M. (1970), Flora of the Australian Capital Territory

:

258-260

[secondary reference]

Curtis, W.M. & Morris, D.I. (1975), Angiospermae: Ranunculaceae to Myrtaceae.

The Student's Flora of Tasmania

:

53

[secondary reference]

Costin, A.B., Gray, M., Totterdell, C.J. & Wimbush, D.J. (1979), Kosciusko Alpine Flora Edn. 1

:

189

[secondary reference]

Bennett, E.M. & George, A.S. in Jessop, J.P. (ed.) (1981), Viiolaceae.

Flora of Central Australia

:

223

[secondary reference]

Cronquist, A.J. (1981), An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants

:

402-404, Fig. 4-21

[secondary reference]

Stanley, T.D. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986), Violaceae.

Flora of South-eastern Queensland

:

99

[secondary reference]

Wheeler, J.R. in Marchant, N.G., Wheeler, J.R., Rye, B.L., Bennett, E.M., Lander, N.S. & Macfarlane, T.D. (1987), Violaceae.

Flora of the Perth Region

:

154

[secondary reference]

James, T.A. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1990), Violaceae.

Flora of New South Wales

:

435

[secondary reference]

Koch, B.L. in Wheeler, J.R. (ed.) (1992), Violaceae.

Flora of the Kimberley Region

:

241

[secondary reference]

Entwisle, T.J. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1996), Violaceae.

Flora of Victoria

:

361

[secondary reference]

Takhtajan, A.L. (1997), Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants

:

202-203, 204

[secondary reference]

James, T.A. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (2000), Violaceae.

Flora of New South Wales Revised Edition

:

435

[secondary reference]

Wheeler, J.R., Marchant, N.G. & Lewington, M. (2002), Dicotyledons.

Flora of the South West

:

933

[secondary reference]

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003), An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II.

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

:

419

[secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym:

Leoniaceae A.DC.

legitimate

Cooper, W.E. & Cooper, W.T. (2004), Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest

:

550

[secondary reference]

Thorne, R.F. & Reveal, J.L. (2007), An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida ("Angiospermae").

Botanical Review

:

101

[secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym:

Ionidiaceae Mert. & W.D.J.Koch

nom. illeg.

taxonomic synonym:

Leoniaceae A.DC.

legitimate

taxonomic synonym:

Alsodeiaceae J.Agardh

legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2008), Australian Plant Census

:

-

APC

[secondary reference]

orthographic variant:

Violariae Batsch

orth. var.

APC Dist.: WA (native and naturalised), NT, SA (native and naturalised), Qld (native and doubtfully naturalised), NSW (native and naturalised), LHI, NI (native and naturalised), ACT (native and naturalised), Vic (native and naturalised), Tas (native and naturalised)

Mabberley, D.J. (1 May 2008), Mabberley's Plant-Book Edn. 3

:

899, 935

[secondary reference]

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III.

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

:

112

[secondary reference]

Barrett, Russell & Tay, Eng Pin (2016), Perth Plants: a Field Guide to the Bushland and Coastal Flora of Kings Park and Bold Park Edn. 2

:

28 (photo)

[secondary reference]

common name:

Violet

[n/a]