Rydberg, P.A. (1931), Taxonomic Notes on the Flora of the Prairies and Plains of Central America. Brittonia 1(2): 82 [comb. nov.]

basionym: Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Wiegand legitimate

Vickery, J.W. (1975), Gramineae. Flora of New South Wales, National Herbarium of New South Wales 19(2): 203-204 [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Wiegand legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Echinochloa pungens var. microstachya (Wiegand) Fernald & Griscom legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Echinochloa crus-galli var. microstachya (Wiegand) Shinners legitimate

Cunningham, G.M., Mulham, W.E., Milthorpe, P.L. & Leigh, J.H. (1981), Plants of Western New South Wales: 90 [secondary reference]

common name: Barnyard Grass [n/a]

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales: 44 [secondary reference]

Green, J.W. (1985), Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia Edn. 2: 32 [secondary reference]

Gray, M. & Michael, P.W. (1986), List of plants collected at the old Flemington Saleyards, Sydney, New South Wales. Plant Protection Quarterly 1(4): 141 [secondary reference]

common name: Prickly barnyard grass [n/a]

Webster, R.D. (1987), The Australian Paniceae (Poaceae): 80 [nomenclatural synonym]

nomenclatural synonym of: Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Wiegand legitimate

Macfarlane, T.D. in Wheeler, J.R. (ed.) (1992), Echinochloa. Flora of the Kimberley Region: 1154 [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Echinochloa muricata (P.Beauv.) Fernald legitimate

Jacobs, S.W.L. & James, T.A. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1993), Echinochloa. Flora of New South Wales 4: 475 [secondary reference]

common name: Prickly Barnyard Grass [n/a]

Walsh, N.G. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1994), Poaceae. Flora of Victoria Edn. 1, 2: 593 [nomenclatural synonym]

nomenclatural synonym of: Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Wiegand legitimate

Jacobs, S.W.L., Whalley, R.D.B. & Wheeler, D.J.B. (2008), Grasses of New South Wales Edn. 4: 228 (fig,) [secondary reference]

common name: Prickly Barnyard Grass [n/a]

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2009), Australian Plant Census: - APC [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Wiegand legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Echinochloa muricata subsp. microstachya (Wiegand) Jauzein legitimate

• APC Dist.: WA (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), Vic (naturalised)

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