Linnaeus, C. (1 May 1753), Species Plantarum 2: 987 [tax. nov.]

• Type: "Habitat in Lusitania."

Mueller, F.J.H. von (20 October 1853), First general report of the Government Botanist on the vegetation of the colony. Victoria - Parliamentary Papers- Votes and Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly: 15 [secondary reference]

Bentham, G. (5 January 1867), Orders XLVIII. Myrtaceae- LXII. Compositae. Flora Australiensis 3: 535 [secondary reference]

Tepper, J.G.O. (1880), On the characteristics and distribution of the native and naturalised plants about Ardrossan, Yorke's Peninsula. Transactions, proceedings and report, Royal Society of South Australia 3: 45 [secondary reference]

Tenison-Woods, J.E. (1881), Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania: 48 [secondary reference]

Mueller, F.J.H. von (1888), Plants, hitherto immigrated and naturalized in Victoria, with indications of their nativity and English popular names. Key to the System of Victorian Plants 1: 534 [secondary reference]

Hamilton, A.G. (1892), On the effect which settlement in Australia has produced upon indigenous vegetation. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 26: 235 [secondary reference]

Rodway, L. (1903), The Tasmanian Flora: 95 [secondary reference]

Dixon, W.A. (1906), The Plants of New South Wales: 198 [secondary reference]

common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

Bailey, F.M. (1913), Comprehensive Catalogue of Queensland Plants: 271 [secondary reference]

common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

Black, J.M. (1929), Bignoniaceae - Compositae. Flora of South Australia 4: 603, Fig. 255 [secondary reference]

common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

Domin, K. (1930), Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens. Bibliotheca Botanica 22(89): 1232 [secondary reference]

Black, J.M. & Robertson, E.L. (1957), Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 4: 874, Fig. 1168 [secondary reference]

common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

Beadle, N.C.W., Evans, O.D. & Carolin, R.C. (1962), Handbook of the Vascular Plants of the Sydney District and Blue Mountains: 375 [secondary reference]

common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

Chippendale, G.M. & Murray, L.R. (1963), Poisonous Plants of the Northern Territory: 109, Pl. 33 [secondary reference]

common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

Curtis, W.M. (1963), Angiospermae: Lythraceae to Epacridaceae. The Student's Flora of Tasmania 2: 349 [secondary reference]

common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a] common name: spiny Cocklebur [n/a]

Burbidge, N.T. & Gray, M. (1970), Flora of the Australian Capital Territory: 366, Fig. 366. [secondary reference]

common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

Chippendale, G.M. (17 April 1972), Check List of Northern Territory Plants. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 96(4): 265 [secondary reference]

Cunningham, G.M., Mulham, W.E., Milthorpe, P.L. & Leigh, J.H. (1981), Plants of Western New South Wales: 727-728 [secondary reference]

common name: Spiny Clotbur [n/a] common name: Common Cocklebur [n/a] common name: Spiny Cocklebur [n/a] common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales: 88 [secondary reference]

Jessop, J.P. in Jessop, J.P. (ed.) (1981), Compositae (Asteraceae) - most genera. Flora of Central Australia: 378 [secondary reference]

common name: Bathurst burr [n/a]

Gray, M. & Michael, P.W. (1986), List of plants collected at the old Flemington Saleyards, Sydney, New South Wales. Plant Protection Quarterly 1(4): 138 [secondary reference]

common name: Bathurst burr [n/a]

Stanley, T.D. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986), Asteraceae. Flora of South-eastern Queensland 2: 553, Fig. 77D [secondary reference]

common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

Dunlop, C.R. (1987), Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Northern Territory. Technical Report: Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory 26: 13 [secondary reference]

Lander, N.S. in Marchant, N.G., Wheeler, J.R., Rye, B.L., Bennett, E.M., Lander, N.S. & Macfarlane, T.D. (1987), Asteraceae. Flora of the Perth Region 2: 714 [secondary reference]

common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

Green, J.W. (18 October 1987), Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia Edn. 2, Suppl. 5: 15 [secondary reference]

Murray, L. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992), Xanthium. Flora of New South Wales 3: 270 [secondary reference]

common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

Jeanes, J.A. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1999), Asteraceae. Flora of Victoria 4: 982, Fig. 201c [secondary reference]

common name: Common Cockleburr [n/a] common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

Kutsche, F. & Lay, B. (2003), Field Guide to the Plants of Outback South Australia: 223 (photos, map) [secondary reference]

common name: Spiny Cockleburr [n/a] common name: Spiny Clotburr [n/a] common name: Common Cockleburr [n/a] common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2011), Australian Plant Census: - [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Xanthium ambrosioides Hook. & Arn. legitimate

• APC Dist.: WA (naturalised), NT (naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), ACT (naturalised), Vic (naturalised), Tas (naturalised)

Orchard, A.E. in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.) (2015), Asteraceae Trib. Heliantheae Subtrib. 7. Ambrosiinae. Flora of Australia 37: 568, Fig. 84A, map APC [secondary reference]

common name: Spiny Clotburr [n/a] common name: Spiny Cocklebur [n/a] common name: Bathurst Burr [n/a]

• APC Dist.: WA (naturalised), NT (naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), ACT (naturalised), Vic (naturalised), Tas (naturalised)

de Salas, M.F. & Baker, M.L. (2016), Tasmanian vascular plant census. A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 23 [secondary reference]

Tomasello, S. (2018), How many names for a beloved genus? – Coalescent-based species delimitation in Xanthium L. (Ambrosiinae, Asteraceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: 141-143, Fig. 1 [secondary reference]

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