Moretti, G.L. (1822), Giornale di Fisica, Chimica, Storia Naturale Medicina ed Arti ser. 2, 5: 326 [tax. nov.]

• Type: "Habitat in multis Italiae locis: illam inveni prope mare in regione Porto di Fermo, eamque abundantissimam secus decursum fluminis Padi a vicinis Augustae Taurinorum Ticinum usque perspexi. Mense Augusto floret; et semina mense Octobre maturitatem capiunt."

Green, K.R. (1954), Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales 65: 259 [secondary reference]

Heywood, V.H. (1975), Flora Europaea: Notulae Systematicae ad Floram Europaeam spectantes. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 71(4): 271 [basionym]

basionym of: Xanthium strumarium subsp. italicum (Moretti) D.Löve legitimate

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales: 88 [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Xanthium strumarium subsp. italicum (Moretti) D.Löve legitimate

Murray, L. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992), Xanthium. Flora of New South Wales 3: 269 [secondary reference]

common name: Hunter Burr [n/a]

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2008), Australian Plant Census: - [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium strumarium L. legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2011), Australian Plant Census: - [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium strumarium L. legitimate

Orchard, A.E. in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.) (2015), Asteraceae Trib. Heliantheae Subtrib. 7. Ambrosiinae. Flora of Australia 37: 571, Fig. 84F, map [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Xanthium 'italicum complex' [n/a] common name: Italian Cockleburr [n/a] common name: Hunter Burr [n/a]

Tomasello, S. (2018), How many names for a beloved genus? – Coalescent-based species delimitation in Xanthium L. (Ambrosiinae, Asteraceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: Fig. 1 [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium orientale L. legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (31 July 2018), Australian Plant Census: - APC [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Xanthium strumarium subsp. italicum (Moretti) D.Löve legitimate taxonomic synonym: Xanthium 'italicum complex' [n/a] pro parte misapplication: Xanthium strumarium L. legitimate by Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2008), Australian Plant Census: - pro parte misapplication: Xanthium strumarium L. legitimate by Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2011), Australian Plant Census: -

• APC Dist.: NSW (naturalised)

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