Schouw, J.F. (1850), a. 1849 collectorum. Index Seminum in horto academico Haunensi: 14 [tax. nov.]

• Type: "Buenos Ayres."

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales: 88 [secondary reference]

Murray, L. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992), Xanthium. Flora of New South Wales 3: 269 [secondary reference]

common name: South American Burr [n/a]

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2008), Australian Plant Census: - [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium strumarium L. legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2011), Australian Plant Census: - [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium strumarium L. legitimate

Orchard, A.E. in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.) (2015), Asteraceae Trib. Heliantheae Subtrib. 7. Ambrosiinae. Flora of Australia 37: 570, Fig. 84D, map [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Xanthium 'cavanillesii complex' [n/a] common name: South American Burr [n/a]

Tomasello, S. (2018), How many names for a beloved genus? – Coalescent-based species delimitation in Xanthium L. (Ambrosiinae, Asteraceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: Fig. 1 [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium orientale L. legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (31 July 2018), Australian Plant Census: - APC [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Xanthium 'cavanillesii complex' [n/a] pro parte misapplication: Xanthium strumarium L. legitimate by Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2008), Australian Plant Census: - pro parte misapplication: Xanthium strumarium L. legitimate by Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2011), Australian Plant Census: -

• APC Dist.: NSW (naturalised)

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