Greene, E.L. (1899), Some western species of Xanthium. Pittonia 4: 62 [tax. nov.]

• Type: "Common in middle California, especially about San Francisco Bay,"

Black, J.M. (1929), Bignoniaceae - Compositae. Flora of South Australia 4: 603, Fig. 256 [secondary reference]

common name: Californian Burr [n/a]

Black, J.M. & Robertson, E.L. (1957), Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 4: 874, Fig. 1169 [secondary reference]

common name: Californian Burr [n/a]

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales: 88 [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium orientale L. legitimate

Murray, L. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992), Xanthium. Flora of New South Wales 3: 270 [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium orientale L. legitimate

Jeanes, J.A. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1999), Asteraceae. Flora of Victoria 4: 982 [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium orientale L. legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2008), Australian Plant Census: - [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium strumarium L. legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2011), Australian Plant Census: - [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium strumarium L. legitimate

Orchard, A.E. in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.) (2015), Asteraceae Trib. Heliantheae Subtrib. 7. Ambrosiinae. Flora of Australia 37: 570 [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium orientale L. legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (31 July 2018), Australian Plant Census: - [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium orientale L. legitimate

---