Hooker, W.J. & Arnott, G.A.W. in Hooker, W.J. (ed.) (1841), The Journal of Botany 3: 310 [tax. nov.]

• Type: "Los Caldanes, Province of Cordova; Dr. Gillies. Buenos Ayres; Tweedie."

Maiden, J.H. (1913), Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales 24: 774 [secondary reference]

Cunningham, G.M., Mulham, W.E., Milthorpe, P.L. & Leigh, J.H. (1981), Plants of Western New South Wales: 728 [secondary reference]

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales: 88 [secondary reference]

Murray, L. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992), Xanthium. Flora of New South Wales 3: 269 [secondary reference]

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2011), Australian Plant Census: - [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Xanthium spinosum L. legitimate

Orchard, A.E. in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.) (2015), Asteraceae Trib. Heliantheae Subtrib. 7. Ambrosiinae. Flora of Australia 37: 568-569, map APC [secondary reference]

• APC Dist.: NSW (naturalised)

Tomasello, S. (2018), How many names for a beloved genus? – Coalescent-based species delimitation in Xanthium L. (Ambrosiinae, Asteraceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 127: 143, Fig. 1 [secondary reference]

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