Linnaeus, C. (1 May 1753), Species Plantarum 2: 987 [tax. nov.]

• Type: (not designated).

Linnaeus, C. (1754), Genera Plantarum Edn. 5: 424 [secondary reference]

Mueller, F.J.H. von (20 October 1853), First general report of the Government Botanist on the vegetation of the colony. Victoria - Parliamentary Papers- Votes and Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly: 15 [secondary reference]

Bentham, G. (5 January 1867), Orders XLVIII. Myrtaceae- LXII. Compositae. Flora Australiensis 3: 534 [secondary reference]

Fourreau, J.P. (1869), Catalogue des plantes qui croissent spontanément le long du cours du Rhône. Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon n. ser., 17: 110 [secondary reference]

• Type: Xanthium strumarium L.

Bailey, F.M. (1913), Comprehensive Catalogue of Queensland Plants: 271 [secondary reference]

Black, J.M. (1929), Bignoniaceae - Compositae. Flora of South Australia 4: 603 [secondary reference]

• Etymology: "Greek xanthion, from xanthos, yellow; the name of a plant said by Dioscorides to be used for dyeing the hair yellow."

Black, J.M. & Robertson, E.L. (1957), Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 4: 873 [secondary reference]

• Etymology: "Greek xanthion, from xanthos, yellow; the name of a plant said by Dioscorides to be used for dyeing the hair yellow."

Beadle, N.C.W., Evans, O.D. & Carolin, R.C. (1962), Handbook of the Vascular Plants of the Sydney District and Blue Mountains: 375 [secondary reference]

Curtis, W.M. (1963), Angiospermae: Lythraceae to Epacridaceae. The Student's Flora of Tasmania 2: 349 [secondary reference]

Burbidge, N.T. & Gray, M. (1970), Flora of the Australian Capital Territory: 366 [secondary reference]

Cronquist, A.J. (1981), An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants: 1025 [secondary reference]

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales: 88 [secondary reference]

Jessop, J.P. in Jessop, J.P. (ed.) (1981), Compositae (Asteraceae) - most genera. Flora of Central Australia: 378 [secondary reference]

Stanley, T.D. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986), Asteraceae. Flora of South-eastern Queensland 2: 553 [secondary reference]

Lander, N.S. in Marchant, N.G., Wheeler, J.R., Rye, B.L., Bennett, E.M., Lander, N.S. & Macfarlane, T.D. (1987), Asteraceae. Flora of the Perth Region 2: 714 [secondary reference]

Murray, L. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992), Xanthium. Flora of New South Wales 3: 268-269 [secondary reference]

Wilson, A.J.G. in Wheeler, J.R. (ed.) (1992), Minuria - Xanthium. Flora of the Kimberley Region: 961 [secondary reference]

Jeanes, J.A. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1999), Asteraceae. Flora of Victoria 4: 982 [secondary reference]

Wheeler, J.R., Marchant, N.G. & Lewington, M. (2002), Dicotyledons. Flora of the South West 2: 533 [secondary reference]

Anderberg, A.A., Baldwin, B.G., Bayer, R.G., Breitwieser, I., Jeffrey, C., Dillon, M.O., Eldenäs, P., Funk, V., Garcia-Jacas, N., Hind, D.J.N., Karis, P.O., Lack, H.W., Nesom, G., Nordenstam, B., Oberprieler, C., Panero, J.J., Puttock, C., Robinson, H., Stuessy, T.F., Susanna, A., Urtubey, E., Vogt, R., Ward, J. & Watson, L.E. in Kubitzki, K. (ed.) (2007), Compositae. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 8: 445-446 [secondary reference]

Mabberley, D.J. (1 May 2008), Mabberley's Plant-Book Edn. 3: 913 [secondary reference]

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2011), Australian Plant Census: - APC [secondary reference]

• APC Dist.: WA (naturalised), NT (naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), ACT (naturalised), Vic (naturalised), Tas (naturalised)

Orchard, A.E. in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.) (2015), Asteraceae Trib. Heliantheae Subtrib. 7. Ambrosiinae. Flora of Australia 37: 566-567 [secondary reference]

common name: Cockleburrs [n/a]

• Etymology: "from the Greek xanthus (yellow), the name of a plant said by Dioscorides to have been used for dyeing the hair yellow, thought to be Xanthium strumarium."

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