Torrey, J. (1824), A Flora of the Northern and Middle Sections of the United States 2: 232 [autonym]

Eichler, Hj. (1965), Supplement to J.M.Black's Flora of South Australia (Second Edition, 1943-1957): 275 [secondary reference]

Burbidge, N.T. & Gray, M. (1970), Flora of the Australian Capital Territory: 319, Fig. 323 [secondary reference]

common name: Common Apple Thorn [n/a]

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2006), Australian Plant Census: - [nomenclatural synonym]

nomenclatural synonym of: Datura stramonium L. legitimate

---