Gaertner, J. (1791), De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum 2(2): 237, t. 131, fig. 2 [comb. nov.]

basionym: Atropa physalodes L. legitimate

Woolls, W. (1867), Notes on introduced plants occurring in the neighbourhood of Sydney. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 10: 38 [secondary reference]

Bentham, G. (16 December 1868), Flora Australiensis 4: 465 [secondary reference]

Hamilton, A.G. (1892), On the effect which settlement in Australia has produced upon indigenous vegetation. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 26: 236 [secondary reference]

Holtze, M. (1892), Introduced plants in the Northern Territory. Transactions, proceedings and report, Royal Society of South Australia 15: 3 [secondary reference]

Dixon, W.A. (1906), The Plants of New South Wales: 224 [secondary reference]

Bailey, F.M. (1913), Comprehensive Catalogue of Queensland Plants: 357 [secondary reference]

Domin, K. (September 1928), Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens. Bibliotheca Botanica 22(89): 1125 [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Atropa physalodes L. legitimate misapplication: Physalis peruviana L. legitimate by Miller, P. (1768), The Gardeners Dictionary Edn. 8: n. 16

Beadle, N.C.W., Evans, O.D. & Carolin, R.C. (1962), Handbook of the Vascular Plants of the Sydney District and Blue Mountains: 400 [secondary reference]

common name: Apple of Peru [n/a]

Horton, P. (6 December 1979), Taxonomic account of Nicandra (Solanaceae) in Australia. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 1(6): 352-356 [secondary reference]

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales: 202 [secondary reference]

Purdie, R.W., Symon, D.E. & Haegi, L. in George, A.S. (ed.) (1982), Solanaceae. Flora of Australia 29: 188, Figs 47C-D, 49, Map 199 [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Atropa physalodes L. legitimate common name: Apple of Peru [n/a]

Green, J.W. (1985), Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia Edn. 2: 148 [secondary reference]

Ross, E.M. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986), Solanaceae. Flora of South-eastern Queensland 2: 407, Fig. 60A [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Atropa physalodes L. legitimate common name: Apple of Peru [n/a]

Wheeler, J.R. in Marchant, N.G., Wheeler, J.R., Rye, B.L., Bennett, E.M., Lander, N.S. & Macfarlane, T.D. (1987), Solanaceae. Flora of the Perth Region 1: 530 [secondary reference]

common name: Apple of Peru [n/a]

Conn, B.J. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992), Solanaceae. Flora of New South Wales 3: 370 [secondary reference]

Green, P.S. in Wilson, A.J.G. (ed.) (1994), Norfolk Island & Lord Howe Island. Flora of Australia 49: 303 [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Atropa physalodes L. legitimate common name: Apple of Peru [n/a]

Hyland, B.P.M., Gray, B. & Elick, R.W. in Cooper, W.E. & Cooper, W.T. (1994), Appendix I: Provisional Species List. Fruits of the Rainforest: 312 [secondary reference]

Hyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T.P., Christophel, D.C., Gray, B., Elick, R.W. & Ford, A.J. (1999), Australian tropical rain forest trees and shrubs. Australian tropical rain forest trees and shrubs: 88 [secondary reference]

Jeanes, J.A. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1999), Solanaceae. Flora of Victoria 4: 344, Fig. 66g [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Atropa physalodes L. legitimate common name: Apple of Peru [n/a]

Wheeler, J.R., Marchant, N.G. & Lewington, M. (2002), Dicotyledons. Flora of the South West 2: 890 [secondary reference]

common name: Apple of Peru [n/a]

Cooper, W.E. & Cooper, W.T. (2004), Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest: 518 [secondary reference]

common name: Apple-of-Peru [n/a] common name: Wild Hops [n/a]

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2006), Australian Plant Census: - APC [secondary reference]

orthographic variant: Nicandra physaloides Gaertn. orth. var. nomenclatural synonym: Atropa physalodes L. legitimate

• APC Dist.: WA (naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), NI (naturalised), Vic (formerly naturalised)

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