Violaceae Batsch
Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. , legitimate, scientific
Mueller, F.J.H. von (1876), Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae 10(85): 81 [comb. nov.]
basionym: Viola enneasperma L. legitimate
Mueller, F.J.H. von (1882), Systematic Census of Australian Plants: 6, 141 [secondary reference]
Mueller, F.J.H. von (December 1889), Second Systematic Census of Australian Plants: 11 BHL [secondary reference]
Dixon, W.A. (1906), The Plants of New South Wales: 38 [alternative name]
alternative name: Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Schult. legitimate
Black, J.M. (December 1926), Meliaceae - Scrophulariaceae. Flora of South Australia 3: 394 [secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym: Ionidium enneaspermum (L.) Vent. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Schult. legitimate
Domin, K. (1928), Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens. Bibliotheca Botanica 22(89): 982 [secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym: Viola enneasperma L. legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Ionidium enneaspermum (L.) Vent. legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Calceolaria enneasperma (L.) Kuntze legitimate taxonomic synonym: Viola suffruticosa L. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Schult. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Hybanthus suffruticosus (L.) Baill. ex Laness. legitimate
Domin, K. (1928), Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens. Bibliotheca Botanica 22(89): 984 [pro parte misapplied]
pro parte misapplied to: Hybanthus aurantiacus (F.Muell. ex Benth.) F.Muell. legitimate by Mueller, F.J.H. von (1882), Systematic Census of Australian Plants: 6, 141
Black, J.M. (1952), Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 3: 590, Fig. 776 [secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym: Ionidium enneaspermum (L.) Vent. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Schult. legitimate
Jacobs, M. & Moore, D.M. (1971), Violaceae. Flora Malesiana Series I 7(1): 197-198 [secondary reference]
Bennett, E.M. (14 November 1972), A revision of the Australian species of Hybanthus Jacquin (Violaceae). Nuytsia 1(3): 227 BHL [secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym: Viola enneasperma L. legitimate
Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales: 210 [secondary reference]
Adams, L.G. & George, A.S. in George, A.S. (ed.) (1982), Violaceae. Flora of Australia 8: 102-103 [secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym: Viola enneasperma L. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Viola suffruticosa L. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Schult. legitimate
Green, J.W. (1985), Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia Edn. 2: 118 [secondary reference]
Stanley, T.D. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986), Violaceae. Flora of South-eastern Queensland 2: 100 [secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym: Viola enneasperma L. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Schult. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Hybanthus suffruticosus (L.) Baill. ex Laness. legitimate common name: Spade Flower [n/a]
Dunlop, C.R. (1987), Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Northern Territory. Technical Report: Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory 26: 80 [secondary reference]
James, T.A. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1990), Violaceae. Flora of New South Wales 1: 440 [secondary reference]
common name: Spade Flower [n/a]
Koch, B.L. in Wheeler, J.R. (ed.) (1992), Violaceae. Flora of the Kimberley Region: 242-243, Fig. 68B [secondary reference]
Harden, G.J. & Murray, L.J. in Harden, G.J. & Murray, L.J. (ed.) (2000), Flora of New South Wales Supplement 1: 60 [secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym: Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. subsp. enneaspermus legitimate
James, T.A. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (2000), Violaceae. Flora of New South Wales Revised Edition 1: 440 [secondary reference]
common name: Spade Flower [n/a]
Jessup, L.W. (22 April 2002), Flora of South-eastern Queensland Volume 2 Changes to names or status of taxa: - [secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym: Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. subsp. enneaspermus legitimate
Cooper, W.E. & Cooper, W.T. (2004), Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest: 550 [secondary reference]
common name: Spade Flower [n/a]
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2005), Australian Plant Census: - [secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym: Viola enneasperma L. legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. enneaspermus legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. f. enneaspermus legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. subsp. enneaspermus legitimate taxonomic synonym: Viola suffruticosa L. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Pigea banksiana Ging. ex DC. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Schult. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Ionidium banksianum (Ging. ex DC.) Steud. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Hybanthus enneaspermus f. angustifolius Domin legitimate taxonomic synonym: Hybanthus enneaspermus var. banksianus (Ging. ex DC.) Domin legitimate
  • APC Dist.: WA, NT, Qld, NSW
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2005), Australian Plant Census: - [misapplied]
misapplied to: Hybanthus aurantiacus (F.Muell. ex Benth.) F.Muell. legitimate by Black, J.M. (1952), Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 3: 590, Fig. 776
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2010), Australian Plant Census: - [secondary reference]
orthographic variant: Hybanthus enncaspermus F.Muell. orth. var. nomenclatural synonym: Viola enneasperma L. legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Calceolaria enneasperma (L.) Kuntze legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. f. enneaspermus legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. enneaspermus legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. subsp. enneaspermus legitimate taxonomic synonym: Viola suffruticosa L. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Schult. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Pigea banksiana Ging. ex DC. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Ionidium banksianum (Ging. ex DC.) Steud. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Hybanthus enneaspermus f. angustifolius Domin legitimate taxonomic synonym: Hybanthus enneaspermus var. banksianus (Ging. ex DC.) Domin legitimate
  • APC Dist.: WA, NT, Qld, NSW
Flicker, B.J. & Ballard, H.E. (2015), Afrohybanthus (Violaceae), a new genus for a distinctive and widely distributed Old World hybanthoid lineage. Phytotaxa 230(1): 47 [nomenclatural synonym]
nomenclatural synonym of: Afrohybanthus enneaspermus (L.) Flicker legitimate
Bostock, P.D. & Holland, A.E. (August 2017), Appendix A: New names and name and status changes 2016 census to 2017 census. Introduction to the Census of the Queensland Flora 2017: 25 [nomenclatural synonym]
nomenclatural synonym of: Afrohybanthus enneaspermus (L.) Flicker legitimate
Forster, P.I. (24 March 2021), Reinstatement of Pigea Ging., an earlier generic name for the spade flowers previously included in Afrohybanthus Flicker (Violaceae). Austrobaileya 11: 29 [nomenclatural synonym]
nomenclatural synonym of: Pigea enneasperma (L.) P.I.Forst. legitimate
Percy-Bower, J.M. & Parker, C.M. (24 June 2021), Updates to Western Australia’s vascular plant census for 2020. Nuytsia 32: 12 [nomenclatural synonym]
nomenclatural synonym of: Afrohybanthus enneaspermus (L.) Flicker legitimate
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (7 July 2021), Australian Plant Census: - [nomenclatural synonym]
nomenclatural synonym of: Afrohybanthus enneaspermus (L.) Flicker legitimate
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (7 July 2021), Australian Plant Census: - [misapplied]
misapplied to: Afrohybanthus aurantiacus (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Flicker legitimate by Black, J.M. (1952), Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 3: 590, Fig. 776