Apocynaceae Juss.
Cerbera manghas L. , legitimate, scientific
Linnaeus, C. (1 May 1753), Species Plantarum 1: 303 [tax. nov.]
  • Type: "Habitat in Indiis ad aquas."
Don, G. (1837), A General History of Dichlamydeous Plants 4(1): 98 [basionym]
basionym of: Tanghinia manghas (L.) G.Don legitimate
Bentham, G. (16 December 1868), Flora Australiensis 4: 306 BHL [taxonomic synonym]
taxonomic synonym of: Cerbera odollam C.F.Gaertn. legitimate
Domin, K. (September 1928), Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens. Bibliotheca Botanica 22(89): 1076 [secondary reference]
taxonomic synonym: Cerbera odollam C.F.Gaertn. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Cerbera lactaria Buch.-Ham. ex D.Dietr. nom. illeg.
White, C.T. (1 April 1933), Ligneous plants collected for the Arnold Arboretum in north Queensland by S.F. Kajewski in 1929. Contributions from the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University 4: 92 [secondary reference]
Hyland, B.P.M. (1971), A key to the common rainforest trees between Townsville and Cooktown, based on leaf and bark features: 60, Code 379 [secondary reference]
common name: Rubber Tree [n/a]
Williams, K.A.W. (1980), Native Plants of Queensland Edn. 2, 1: 66 [secondary reference]
common name: Milkwood [n/a]
Hyland, B.P.M. (1982), A revised card key to rainforest trees of North Queensland: 61, 123, 137, Code 379 [secondary reference]
common name: Rubber Tree [n/a] common name: Grey Milkwood [n/a]
Ross, E.M. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986), Apocynaceae. Flora of South-eastern Queensland 2: 303, Fig. 44A [secondary reference]
taxonomic synonym: Cerbera odollam var. mugfordii F.M.Bailey legitimate
Dunlop, C.R. (1987), Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Northern Territory. Technical Report: Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory 26: 7 [secondary reference]
Williams, K.A.W. (1987), Native Plants of Queensland 3: 62 [secondary reference]
Forster, P.I. (9 September 1992), A taxonomic revision of Cerbera L. (Apocynaceae) in Australia and Papuasia. Austrobaileya 3(4): 575-576, Fig. 1B, E-G, J-L, Map 2 [secondary reference]
Forster, P.I. (9 September 1992), A taxonomic revision of Cerbera L. (Apocynaceae) in Australia and Papuasia. Austrobaileya 3(4): 572 [misapplied]
misapplied to: Cerbera inflata S.T.Blake legitimate by White, C.T. (1 April 1933), Ligneous plants collected for the Arnold Arboretum in north Queensland by S.F. Kajewski in 1929. Contributions from the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University 4: 92
Barker, R.M. & Telford, I.R.H. (1993), Apocynaceae. Flora of Australia 50: 323 [secondary reference]
misapplication: Cerbera odollam C.F.Gaertn. legitimate by Baker, E.G. in Andrews, C.W. (1900), Gamopetalae. A Monograph of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean): 182
Christophel, D.C. & Hyland, B.P.M. in Hyland, B.P.M. & Whiffin, T.P. (1993), Leaf Atlas of Australian Tropical Rain Forest Trees. Australian tropical rain forest trees: an interactive identification system: 1, 27, 69, pl. 7(d), Code 379 [secondary reference]
Hyland, B.P.M. & Whiffin, T.P. (1993), Australian tropical rain forest trees: an interactive identification system 1: 100, 122, 150, Code 379 [secondary reference]
common name: Pink Eyed Cerbera [n/a] common name: Rubber Tree [n/a] common name: Grey Milkwood [n/a] common name: Dog Bane [n/a]
Hyland, B.P.M. & Whiffin, T.P. (1993), Australian tropical rain forest trees: an interactive identification system 2: 23, Code 379 [secondary reference]
Robson, Peter J. (1993), Checklist of Australian Trees: alphabetical listings of common and scientific names: - [secondary reference]
common name: Rubbertree [n/a] common name: Grey Milkwood [n/a]
Cooper, W.E. & Cooper, W.T. (1994), Fruits of the Rainforest: 70-71, Fig. 126 [secondary reference]
common name: Dog Bane [n/a] common name: Rubber Tree [n/a]
Hyland, B.P.M., Gray, B. & Elick, R.W. in Cooper, W.E. & Cooper, W.T. (1994), Appendix I: Provisional Species List. Fruits of the Rainforest: 301 [secondary reference]
Forster, P.I. in Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1996), Apocynaceae. Flora of Australia 28: 142, Figs 55A-G, 59, Map 182 [secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym: Tanghinia manghas (L.) G.Don legitimate taxonomic synonym: Cerbera lactaria Buch.-Ham. ex Spreng. nom. illeg. taxonomic synonym: Cerbera odollam var. mugfordii F.M.Bailey legitimate taxonomic synonym: Cerbera manghas var. mugfordii (F.M.Bailey) Domin legitimate misapplication: Cerbera odollam C.F.Gaertn. legitimate by Bentham, G. (16 December 1868), Flora Australiensis 4: 306 misapplication: Cerbera odollam C.F.Gaertn. legitimate by Bailey, F.M. (1900), The Queensland Flora 3: 981
Forster, P.I. in Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1996), Apocynaceae. Flora of Australia 28: 140 [misapplied]
misapplied to: Cerbera inflata S.T.Blake legitimate by White, C.T. (1 April 1933), Ligneous plants collected for the Arnold Arboretum in north Queensland by S.F. Kajewski in 1929. Contributions from the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University 4: 92
Hyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T.P., Christophel, D.C., Gray, B., Elick, R.W. & Ford, A.J. (1999), Australian tropical rain forest trees and shrubs. Australian tropical rain forest trees and shrubs: 56 [secondary reference]
Hyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T.P., Christophel, D.C., Gray, B. & Elick, R.W. (2003), Australian tropical rain forest plants. Trees, Shrubs and Vines: Code 379 [secondary reference]
Cooper, W.E. & Cooper, W.T. (2004), Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest: 36-37 [secondary reference]
taxonomic synonym: Cerbera odollam var. mugfordii F.M.Bailey legitimate common name: Pink-eyed Cerbera [n/a] common name: Dog Bane [n/a] common name: Rubber Tree [n/a]
Cooper, W.E. & Cooper, W.T. (2004), Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest: 35 [unsourced misapplied]
misapplied to: Cerbera inflata S.T.Blake legitimate
Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2006), Australian Plant Census: - APC [secondary reference]
nomenclatural synonym: Tanghinia manghas (L.) G.Don legitimate taxonomic synonym: Cerbera lactaria Buch.-Ham. ex Spreng. nom. illeg. taxonomic synonym: Cerbera lactaria Buch.-Ham. ex D.Dietr. nom. illeg. taxonomic synonym: Cerbera odollam var. mugfordi F.M.Bailey orth. var. taxonomic synonym: Cerbera odollam var. mugfordii F.M.Bailey legitimate taxonomic synonym: Cerbera manghas var. mugfordii (F.M.Bailey) Domin legitimate misapplication: Cerbera odollam C.F.Gaertn. legitimate by Bentham, G. (16 December 1868), Flora Australiensis 4: 306 misapplication: Cerbera odollam C.F.Gaertn. legitimate by Baker, E.G. in Andrews, C.W. (1900), Gamopetalae. A Monograph of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean): 182 misapplication: Cerbera odollam C.F.Gaertn. legitimate by Bailey, F.M. (1900), The Queensland Flora 3: 981
  • APC Comment: The name Cerbera lactaria presents some problems in its attribution. Sprengel (1825) described it as "Cerbera lactaria Hamilt." and cited "C. Manghas Gaertn." in synonymy. Gaertner's C. Manghas was that of Linnaeus (1753) (indirect reference), so Sprengel's name is illegitimate. Who was "Hamilt."? Two possiblities exist: William Hamilton 1783-1856 (abbrev. Ham.) and Francis Buchanan-Hamilton 1762-1829 (abbrev. Buch.-Ham.). Both have been attributed at one time or another as the source of the name. The latter was used in Flora of Australia and Index Kewensis and is used here for continuity. Chapman, APNI 670 (1991) attributed the name as Cerbera lactaria D.Dietrich (1839), claiming that Dietrich obtained his epithet from W.Hamilton. This iteration however is mainly a reprint of Sprengel's work, and also refers back to C. manghas L. via "C. manghas Gaertn." and should be treated as an isonym. There is no reason to interpret the "Hamilt." of Dietrich any differently to that of Sprengel.
  • APC Dist.: ChI, NT, Qld