Torrey, J. in Emory, W.H. (1859), Botany of the Boundary: General Botany. Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey 2(1): 38 [comb. nov.]

basionym: Malva americana L. legitimate

Domin, K. (1928), Beitrage zur Flora und Pflanzengeographie Australiens. Bibliotheca Botanica 22(89): 938 [taxonomic synonym]

taxonomic synonym of: Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke legitimate

Borssum Waalkes, J. van (1966), Malesian Malvaceae revisited. Blumea 14(1): 154 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Malva brachystachya F.Muell. legitimate

Chippendale, G.M. (17 April 1972), Check List of Northern Territory Plants. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 96(4): 248 [secondary reference]

Beadle, N.C.W. (1976), Student's Flora of North Eastern New South Wales 3: 291 [secondary reference]

Cunningham, G.M., Mulham, W.E., Milthorpe, P.L. & Leigh, J.H. (1981), Plants of Western New South Wales: 482-483 [secondary reference]

common name: Spiked Malvastrum [n/a] common name: Mulberry Mallow [n/a] common name: Wild Mulberry [n/a] common name: Spiked Mallow [n/a] common name: Malvastrum [n/a]

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales: 144 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Malvastrum spicatum (L.) A.Gray legitimate

Mitchell, A.S. in Jessop, J.P. (ed.) (1981), Malvaceae. Flora of Central Australia: 218, Figs 240K & 251 [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Malva americana L. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malvastrum spicatum (L.) A.Gray legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malva brachystachya F.Muell. legitimate

Hill, S.R. (1982), A monograph of Malvastrum, 2. Rhodora 84: 186-205 [secondary reference]

Green, J.W. (1985), Census of the Vascular Plants of Western Australia Edn. 2: 113 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Malvastrum spicatum (L.) A.Gray legitimate

Gray, M. & Michael, P.W. (1986), List of plants collected at the old Flemington Saleyards, Sydney, New South Wales. Plant Protection Quarterly 1(4): 139 [secondary reference]

common name: Spiked malvastrum [n/a]

Ross, E.M. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986), Malvaceae. Flora of South-eastern Queensland 2: 70 [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Malva americana L. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malvastrum spicatum (L.) A.Gray legitimate common name: Spiked Malvastrum [n/a]

Dunlop, C.R. (1987), Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Northern Territory. Technical Report: Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory 26: 47 [secondary reference]

Mitchell, A.S. & Norris, E.H. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1990), Malvaceae. Flora of New South Wales 1: 326 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Malvastrum spicatum (L.) A.Gray legitimate common name: Spiked Malvastrum [n/a]

Wheeler, J.R. in Wheeler, J.R. (ed.) (1992), Malvaceae. Flora of the Kimberley Region: 224-225, Fig.62A [secondary reference]

common name: Spiked Malvastrum [n/a]

Hyland, B.P.M., Whiffin, T.P., Christophel, D.C., Gray, B., Elick, R.W. & Ford, A.J. (1999), Australian tropical rain forest trees and shrubs. Australian tropical rain forest trees and shrubs: 72 [secondary reference]

Harden, G.J. & Murray, L.J. in Harden, G.J. & Murray, L.J. (ed.) (2000), Flora of New South Wales Supplement 1: 38 [secondary reference]

Mitchell, A.S. & Norris, E.H. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (2000), Malvaceae. Flora of New South Wales Revised Edition 1: 326 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Malvastrum spicatum (L.) A.Gray legitimate common name: Spiked Malvastrum [n/a]

Cooper, W.E. & Cooper, W.T. (2004), Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest: 280 [secondary reference]

common name: Spiked Malvastrum [n/a]

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2012), Australian Plant Census: - [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Malva americana L. legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. var. americanum legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malva spicata L. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malva ovata Cav. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malvastrum spicatum (L.) A.Gray legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malva brachystachya F.Muell. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malvastrum americanum var. stellatum S.R.Hill legitimate

• APC Comment: Malvastrum americanum var. americanum is recognised as a distinct taxon in SA (questionably native) and Qld (naturalised). Malvastrum americanum var. stellatum is recognised as a distinct (native) taxon in Qld.
• APC Dist.: WA (naturalised), NT (naturalised), SA, Qld (native and naturalised), NSW (naturalised)

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (31 July 2018), Australian Plant Census: - APC [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Malva americana L. legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. var. americanum legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malva spicata L. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malva ovata Cav. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malva timoriensis DC. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malvastrum spicatum (L.) A.Gray legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malva brachystachya F.Muell. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Malvastrum americanum var. stellatum S.R.Hill legitimate

• APC Comment: Malvastrum americanum var. americanum is recognised as a distinct taxon in SA (questionably native) and Qld (naturalised). Malvastrum americanum var. stellatum is recognised as a distinct (native) taxon in Qld.
• APC Dist.: WA (naturalised), NT (naturalised), SA, Qld (native and naturalised), NSW (naturalised)

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