Nees von Esenbeck, C.G.D. in Wallich, N. (15 August 1832), Acanthaceae Indiae orientalis. Plantae Asiaticae Rariores 3(12): 76, 102 [tax. nov.]

• Type: Graptophyllum hortense Nees nom. illeg.

Bentham, G. (16 December 1868), Flora Australiensis 4: 551 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Earlia F.Muell. legitimate

Mueller, F.J.H. von (1882), Systematic Census of Australian Plants: 99 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Thyrsacanthus Nees legitimate taxonomic synonym: Earlia F.Muell. legitimate

Bailey, F.M. (1913), Comprehensive Catalogue of Queensland Plants: 375 [secondary reference]

Fitzgerald, W.V. (1918), The Botany of the Kimberleys, north-west Australia. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia 3: 87 [secondary reference]

Stanley, T.D. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986), Acanthaceae. Flora of South-eastern Queensland 2: 455 [secondary reference]

Barker, R.M. (12 September 1986), A taxonomic revision of Australian Acanthaceae. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 9: 156-166 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Earlia F.Muell. legitimate

Bean, A.R. & Sharpe, P.R. (27 September 1991), Notes on Graptophyllum Nees (Acanthaceae) in Australia. Austrobaileya 3(3): 549-553 [secondary reference]

Cooper, W.E. & Cooper, W.T. (2004), Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest: 9 [secondary reference]

Mabberley, D.J. (1 May 2008), Mabberley's Plant-Book Edn. 3: 374 [secondary reference]

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2010), Australian Plant Census: - APC [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Earlia F.Muell. legitimate

• APC Dist.: WA (doubtfully naturalised), NT, Qld (native and naturalised)

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