Jussieu, A.L. de (4 August 1789), Genera Plantarum: 299 [tax. nov.]

• Type: Caryophyllus Mill., nom. illeg.

Bentham, G. (30 May 1863), Flora Australiensis 1: 153 [secondary reference]

Mueller, F.J.H. von (1882), Systematic Census of Australian Plants: 27 [secondary reference]

Black, J.M. (1924), Casuarinaceae - Euphorbiaceae. Flora of South Australia 2: 229-230 [secondary reference]

Black, J.M. (January 1948), Casuarinaceae-Euphorbiaceae. Flora of South Australia Edn. 2, 2: 352-353 [secondary reference]

Curtis, W.M. (1956), The Student's Flora of Tasmania 1: 61 [secondary reference]

Beadle, N.C.W., Evans, O.D. & Carolin, R.C. (1962), Handbook of the Vascular Plants of the Sydney District and Blue Mountains: 149-150 [secondary reference]

Eichler, Hj. (1965), Supplement to J.M.Black's Flora of South Australia (Second Edition, 1943-1957): 139 [secondary reference]

Curtis, W.M. & Morris, D.I. (1975), Angiospermae: Ranunculaceae to Myrtaceae. The Student's Flora of Tasmania Edn. 2, 1: 64-65 [secondary reference]

Costin, A.B., Gray, M., Totterdell, C.J. & Wimbush, D.J. (1979), Kosciusko Alpine Flora Edn. 1: 168-169 [secondary reference]

Carolin, R.C. in Jessop, J.P. (ed.) (1981), Caryophyllaceae. Flora of Central Australia: 45 [secondary reference]

Cronquist, A.J. (1981), An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants: 272-276, Fig. 3.10 [secondary reference]

Cunningham, G.M., Mulham, W.E., Milthorpe, P.L. & Leigh, J.H. (1981), Plants of Western New South Wales: 300-307 [secondary reference]

Ross, E.M. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1984), Caryophyllaceae. Flora of South-eastern Queensland 1: 108-115 [secondary reference]

Wheeler, J.R. in Marchant, N.G., Wheeler, J.R., Rye, B.L., Bennett, E.M., Lander, N.S. & Macfarlane, T.D. (1987), Caryophyllaceae. Flora of the Perth Region 1: 103-104 [secondary reference]

Doust, A. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1990), Caryophyllaceae. Flora of New South Wales 1: 260-278 [secondary reference]

Wheeler, J.R. in Wheeler, J.R. (ed.) (1992), Caryophyllaceae. Flora of the Kimberley Region: 141 [secondary reference]

Bittrich, V. in Kubitzki, K. (ed.) (1993), Caryophyllaceae. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 2: 206-236, Figs. 38-40 [secondary reference]

Adams, L.G. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1996), Caryophyllaceae. Flora of Victoria 3: 228-230 [secondary reference]

Takhtajan, A.L. (1997), Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants: 111, 115-116 [secondary reference]

Doust, A. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (2000), Caryophyllaceae. Flora of New South Wales Revised Edition 1: 260 [secondary reference]

Wheeler, J.R., Marchant, N.G. & Lewington, M. (2002), Dicotyledons. Flora of the South West 2: 547 [secondary reference]

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003), An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141(4): 418 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Illecebraceae R.Br. nom. cons. taxonomic synonym: Paronychiaceae Juss. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Spergulaceae Bartl. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Alsinaceae Bartl. nom. cons.

Thorne, R.F. & Reveal, J.L. (2007), An Updated Classification of the Class Magnoliopsida ("Angiospermae"). Botanical Review 73(2): 96-97 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Illecebraceae R.Br. nom. cons. taxonomic synonym: Paronychiaceae Juss. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Dianthaceae Vest legitimate taxonomic synonym: Cerastiaceae Vest legitimate taxonomic synonym: Stellariaceae Bercht. & J.Presl legitimate taxonomic synonym: Saginaceae Bercht. & J.Presl legitimate taxonomic synonym: Ortegaceae Martinov legitimate taxonomic synonym: Herniariaceae Martinov legitimate taxonomic synonym: Scleranthaceae J.Presl & C.Presl legitimate taxonomic synonym: Spergulaceae Bartl. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Silenaceae Bartl. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Alsinaceae Bartl. nom. cons. taxonomic synonym: Corrigiolaceae Dumort. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Polycarpaeaceae Mart. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Minuartiaceae Mart. legitimate taxonomic synonym: Sabulinaceae Döll legitimate taxonomic synonym: Lychnidaceae Döll legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2008), Australian Plant Census: - APC [secondary reference]

• APC Dist.: WA (native and naturalised), NT (native and naturalised), SA (native and naturalised), Qld (native and naturalised), NSW (native and naturalised), LHI (naturalised), NI (naturalised), ACT (native and naturalised), Vic (native and naturalised), Tas (native and naturalised), HI, MI (native and naturalised)

Mabberley, D.J. (1 May 2008), Mabberley's Plant-Book Edn. 3: 156, 933 [secondary reference]

taxonomic synonym: Alsinaceae Bartl. nom. cons. taxonomic synonym: Illecebraceae R.Br. nom. cons.

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2): 115 [secondary reference]

Barrett, Russell & Tay, Eng Pin (2016), Perth Plants: a Field Guide to the Bushland and Coastal Flora of Kings Park and Bold Park Edn. 2: 22 (photo) [secondary reference]

common name: Carnation [n/a]

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