Linnaeus, C. (1 May 1753), Species Plantarum 1: 337 [tax. nov.]

Campdera, F. (1819), Monographia des Rumex: 58 [basionym]

basionym of: Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. legitimate

Walsh, N.G. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1996), Polygonaceae. Flora of Victoria 3: 295, Fig.58e [nomenclatural synonym]

nomenclatural synonym of: Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2006), Australian Plant Census: - [nomenclatural synonym]

nomenclatural synonym of: Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. legitimate

State Herbarium of South Australia (2008), Fact sheets. The Electronic Flora of South Australia: - [nomenclatural synonym]

nomenclatural synonym of: Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. legitimate

Percy-Bower, J.M. & Parker, C.M. (16 March 2017), Updates to Western Australia’s vascular plant census for 2016. Nuytsia 28: 125 [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. legitimate

Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (31 July 2018), Australian Plant Census: - APC [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. legitimate nomenclatural synonym: Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. var. spinosa legitimate taxonomic synonym: Emex spinosa var. minor Zohary & Waisel legitimate

• APC Dist.: WA (naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (formerly naturalised), Vic (naturalised)

Bostock, P.D. & Holland, A.E. (August 2018), Appendix A: New names and name and status changes 2017 to 2018. Introduction to the Census of the Queensland Flora 2018: 11 [secondary reference]

nomenclatural synonym: Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. legitimate

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