Linnaeus, C. (1 May 1753), Species Plantarum 1: 18 [tax. nov.]

• Type: (not designated).

Linnaeus, C. (1754), Genera Plantarum Edn. 5: 12 [secondary reference]

Brown, R. (27 March 1810), Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et insulae Van-Diemen, exhibens characteres plantarum quas annis 1802-1805: 514 [secondary reference]

Mueller, F.J.H. von (1882), Systematic Census of Australian Plants: 102 [secondary reference]

Bailey, F.M. (1913), Comprehensive Catalogue of Queensland Plants: 382 [secondary reference]

Britton, N.L. & Brown, A. (7 June 1913), An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British possessions Edn. 2, 3: 173 [secondary reference]

• Type: Verbena officinalis L.

Black, J.M. (December 1926), Meliaceae - Scrophulariaceae. Flora of South Australia 3: 478 [secondary reference]

common name: Vervain [n/a] common name: Verbena [n/a]

• Etymology: "Applied by the German botanist Otto Brunfels, in 1530, to V. officinalis, apparently from verbena, the Italian and Spanish name of this plant, the clasical Latin name of which was verbenaca."

Beadle, N.C.W., Evans, O.D. & Carolin, R.C. (1962), Handbook of the Vascular Plants of the Sydney District and Blue Mountains: 414 [secondary reference]

Curtis, W.M. (1967), Angiospermae: Plumbaginaceae to Salicaceae. The Student's Flora of Tasmania 3: 541 [secondary reference]

Burbidge, N.T. & Gray, M. (1970), Flora of the Australian Capital Territory: 310, Fig. 312. [secondary reference]

common name: Purple-top [n/a]

Cronquist, A.J. (1981), An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants: 921, 923 [secondary reference]

Jacobs, S.W.L. & Pickard, J. (1981), Plants of New South Wales: 209 [secondary reference]

Munir, A.A. in Jessop, J.P. (ed.) (1981), Verbenaceae. Flora of Central Australia: 295-296 [secondary reference]

Stanley, T.D. in Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. (1986), Verbenaceae. Flora of South-eastern Queensland 2: 367 [secondary reference]

Rye, B.L. in Marchant, N.G., Wheeler, J.R., Rye, B.L., Bennett, E.M., Lander, N.S. & Macfarlane, T.D. (1987), Verbenaceae. Flora of the Perth Region 1: 551 [secondary reference]

Conn, B.J. in Harden, G.J. (ed.) (1992), Verbenaceae. Flora of New South Wales 3: 611-612 [secondary reference]

Conn, B.J. in Walsh, N.G. & Entwisle, T.J. (ed.) (1999), Verbenaceae. Flora of Victoria 4: 413-414 [secondary reference]

Wheeler, J.R., Marchant, N.G. & Lewington, M. (2002), Dicotyledons. Flora of the South West 2: 933 [secondary reference]

Munir, A.A. (28 May 2002), A taxonomic revision of the genus Verbena L. (Verbenaceae) in Australia. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 20: 24-28, Map 1 APC [secondary reference]

• APC Dist.: WA (naturalised), NT (native and naturalised), SA (native and naturalised), Qld (native and naturalised), NSW (native and naturalised), LHI (naturalised), NI (naturalised), ACT (native and naturalised), Vic (native and naturalised), Tas (naturalised)

Atkins, S. in Kubitzki, K. (ed.) (2004), Verbenaceae. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants 7: 460, Fig. 58, 60B,C,H [secondary reference]

Mabberley, D.J. (1 May 2008), Mabberley's Plant-Book Edn. 3: 894 [secondary reference]

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