Diagnosis

The six genera of the Spongiidae present a wide variety of forms, from low and encrusting to upright and massive. They all have a well-developed skeleton of primary and secondary fibres, and in a group of species from Australasia, distinct fine secondary or pseudo-tertiary fibres. Some species of Hyattella and Spongia may also have a superficial fibre net supporting the pinacoderm. All fibres are unpithed and are homogeneous, i.e., they show little or no sign of disjunct concentric laminations within the fibres, unlike members of the Thorectidae, Irciniidae and Dysideidae. However, it is possible to mistake stress marks within fibres, particularly at fibre intersections or corners, for laminations or lines of disjunction. Primary fibres may be sparse and are rare in one genus. Most characteristic of spongiids is the dense, secondary-fibre reticulum that dominates the skeleton. The surface may be heavily armoured with an organised dermal crust of sand, foreign spicules and detritus. Unarmoured genera usually have a conulose surface. The texture of the interior is rough to the touch, reflecting the density of spongin skeleton in relation to that of soft tissue. The whole body is compressible and resilient except where the surface is heavily sand-encrusted. Choanocyte chambers of spongiids are diplodal, and spherical to oval in shape. In some species, the mesohyl and ectosome are supported by heavy deposits of collagen, though this can vary, even between species within the same genus.

ID Keys

KEY TO GENERA

(1)Surface armoured ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
Surface unarmoured ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3

(2)Dense secondary skeleton of thick, branching secondary fibres -------------------------------------------- Leiosella
Dense secondary skeleton of very fine, intertwined secondary fibres ---------------------------------- Coscinoderma

(3)Sponge body or ectoderm lacunose ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Sponge not lacunose -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

(4)Primary fibres common ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hyattella
Primary fibres uncommon to rare --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hippospongia

(5)Primary fibres form long, simple fascicles -------------------------------------------------------------------- Rhopaloeides
Primary fibres are simple, not forming fascicles ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Spongia

Diagnosis References

Cook, S.D.C. & Bergquist, P.R. 2002. Family Spongiidae Gray, 1867. pp. 1051-1060 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [1051]

General References

Bergquist, P.R. 1980. A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida (Class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7: 443-503 figs 1-25 pls

Bergquist, P.R. 1995. Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida from the New Caledonia Lagoon (Porifera: Demospongiae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 38(1): 1-51

Boury-Esnault, N., de Vos, L., Donadey, C. & Vacelet, J. 1990. Ultrastructure of choanosome and sponge classification. pp. 237-244 in Rützler, K. (ed.). New Perspectives in Sponge Biology. Washington : Smithsonian Institution Press.

Cook, S.D.C. & Bergquist, P.R. 2002. Family Spongiidae Gray, 1867. pp. 1051-1060 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1.

Hartman, W.D. 1982. Porifera. pp. 640-666 in Parker, S.P. (ed.). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. New York : McGraw-Hill Vol. 1.

Vacelet, J. 1959. Répartition générale des Eponges et systématique des Eponges cornées de la région de Marseille et de quelques stations méditerranéennes. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume. Marseille 26: 39-101 pls 1-3

van Soest, R.W.M. 1978. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part. I. Keratosa. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands 56(179): 1-94 30 figs 15 pls

History of changes

• Coscinoderma Carter, H.J. 1883. Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 12: 308-329 pls 11-14 [309].

  Type species:

   Coscinoderma lanuginosum Carter, 1883 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

West Indian region.

IMCRA

Northeast Transition (19), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Distribution References

Diagnosis

Flabellate, pyriform, massive, or pedunculate sponges, with apical or marginal oscules. The surface armour is thin, very fine and even, so that these sponges remain soft, elastic and compressible. The fibre skeleton comprises simple, cored primary fibres, and a dense secondary reticulum, comprising very fine, intertwined secondary fibres (Fig. 1K).

ID Keys

See Family Spongiidae Diagnosis

Diagnosis References

Cook, S.D.C. & Bergquist, P.R. 2002. Family Spongiidae Gray, 1867. pp. 1051-1060 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [1056]

History of changes

• Coscinoderma denticulatum Poléjaeff, N. 1884. Report on the Keratosa collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 11: 1-88 pls 1-10 [51] [current status uncertain; identification of Australian record(s) in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. doubtful (no published specimens found in AM, BMNH, ZMB)].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.20 (egaz), 76 m, Honolulu, Hawaii [21°19'44"N 157°51'43"W].

  Secondary source:

   Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. [277, pl. 22 fig. 15].

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Unknown.

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

General References

Hooper, J.N.A. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] (generic placement uncertain)

History of changes

• Euspongia mathewsi Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 6. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 481-553 pls 36-38 [520-523 pl. 36, fig. 6].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.8.27.301 dry, Ponape, Caroline Islands.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Bergquist, P.R. 1995. Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida from the New Caledonia Lagoon (Porifera: Demospongiae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 38(1): 1-51 [5]

Generic Combinations

• Coscinoderma mathewsi (Lendenfeld, 1885). —
  Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. [334]

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Tropical and subtropical Indo-west Pacific, Caroline Islands, Ponape, Kuop, Truk, Palau, Fiji, New Caledonia; Queensland coastal, Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Western Australia, Dampier Archipelago; also reported from South Africa (dubious).

IMCRA

Northeast Transition (19), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Trade

commercial bath sponge of significant commercial potential for aquaculture

(no title)

Also referred to Leiosella by Laubenfels (1948) [61]. Not conspecific with Coscinoderma lanuginosum Carter, 1883 from southern Australia, contrary to Lendenfeld's (1885) remarks, and original description probably an amalgam of several species.
Bergquist, P.R. 1995. Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida from the New Caledonia Lagoon (Porifera: Demospongiae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 38(1): 1–51 [5-6] description encompasses the modern concept of this species.

General References

Abdul Wahabm N.A., de Nys, R. & Whalan, S. 2012. Closing the lifecycle for the sustainable aquaculture of the bath sponge Coscinoderma matthewsi. Aquaculture 324–325: 281–289 [281]

Bergquist, P.R. 1995. Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida from the New Caledonia Lagoon (Porifera: Demospongiae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 38(1): 1-51 [5-6]

Fromont, J. 2003. Porifera (Sponges) in the Dampier Archipelago: Taxonomic affinities and biogeography. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Marine Biological Workshop. The Marine Flora and Fauna of Dampier, Western Australia. 405-417 pp. [408] (listed in this article)

Laubenfels, M.W. de 1948. The order Keratosa of the phylum Porifera. A monographic study. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation 3: 1-217 31 figs 30 pls

History of changes

• Aphrodite nardorus Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 5. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 282-325 pls 26-35 [306].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.8.27.105 wet (=AM G3398 slide, figured in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. [pl. 12 fig. 13] - egaz), Torres Strait, Palm Is., QLD [10°25'S 142°10'E].
  Paratype(s) BMNH 1930.8.13.181 dry.
• Hippospongia aphroditella Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [36] [in key, see also Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (312, pl. 11 figs 11–14, pl. 12 fig. 13); unjustified replacement name for Aphrodite nardorus Lendenfeld, 1885].
• Ceratodendron haeckeli Marshall, W. 1892. Spongiologische Beiträge. Festschrift zur 70. Wiederkehr des Geburtstages von Rudolf Leuckart. Leipzig : C.F. Winter 36 pp. 8 pls. [5].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) ZMB 4505 4 slides (forma rigida), Bass Strait; ZMB 4506 slides (forma mollis), Bass Strait [39°20'S 145°30'E].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Burton, M. 1934. Sponges. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 4: 513-621 pls 1-2 [577]

Generic Combinations

• Coscinoderma nardorus (Lendenfeld, 1885). —
  Sutcliffe, P.R., Hooper, J.N.A. & Pitcher, C.R. 2010. The most common sponges on the Great Barrer Reef seabed, Australia, include species new to science (Phylum Porifera). Zootaxa 2616: 1-30 [12]
• Hippospongia nardorus (Lendenfeld, 1885). —
  Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1–620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [384]

Distribution

States

Queensland, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Common throughout the Great Barrier Reef, in reef areas and sandy bottoms, attached to rubble in soft sediment by a holdfast. Distributed from Torres Strait and throughout the entire length of the Great Barrier Reef seabed at depths between 12 and 85 m, predominantly in benthic substrates dominated by sand and calcium carbonate material. Also allegedly recorded from South Africa but this record has not been substantiated.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Trade

Potential commercial quality bath sponge

Extra Ecological Information

Depth subtidal–85 m.

History of changes

• Spongia pesleonis Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de Monet 1814. Sur les polypiers empâtés. Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 20: 294-312, 370-386, 432-458 [379].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHN Paris LBIM DT540, southern seas (as Mers Australes), Péron and Lesueur Collection, hence Australia.

  Secondary source:

   Topsent, E. 1930. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 5: 1-56 4 figs pls 1-4 [33].
• Spongelia incerta Hyatt, A. 1877. A revision of the North American Poriferae, with remarks upon foreign species. Part 2. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 2: 481-554 pls 15-17 [533].

  Type data:

   
  Status unknown, MCZ (egaz), Phillip Is., VIC [38°29'S 145°14'E]; MCZ (egaz), Phillip Is., VIC [38°29'S 145°14'E].

  Secondary source:

   Topsent, E. 1930. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 5: 1-56 4 figs pls 1-4 [34]; Bergquist, P.R. 1980. A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida (Class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7: 443-503 figs 1-25 pls [456].
• Coscinoderma lanuginosum Carter, H.J. 1883. Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 12: 308-329 pls 11-14 [309].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH unregistered dry Bowerbank Collection No. 710, Fremantle, WA [32°03'S 115°46'E].
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH unregistered dry Bowerbank Collection; 2 specimens, 1 decorticated (Bowerbank Collection, ex Clifton).
• Coscinoderma pyriformis Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [38] [in key; unjustified replacement name for Spongelia incerta Hyatt, 1877, see Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (334)].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB 1190 (egaz), Port Phillip Bay, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Bergquist, P.R. 1980. A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida (Class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7: 443-503 figs 1-25 pls [456]

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Phillip Is., Port Phillip Heads, Deal Is., Warrnambool, Investigator Is, Great Australian Bight, Fremantle and Houtman Abrolhos.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 10–52 m.

General References

Fromont, J. 1999. Demosponges of the Houtman Abrolhos. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 44: 175-184 [180] (Listed in this article)

Sorokin, S., Fromont, J. & Currie, D. 2007. Demosponge biodiversity in the Benthic Protection Zone of the Great Australian Bight. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 132(2): 192-204 [195]

Sorokin, S.J., Laperousaz, T.C.D. & Collings, G.J. 2008. Investigator Group Expedition 2006: Sponges (Porifera). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 132(2): 163-172 [167]

Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [128]

History of changes

• Hippospongia Schulze, F.E. 1879. Untersuchungen über den Bau und die Entwicklung der Spongien. Siebente Mittheilung. Die Familie der Spongidae. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 32: 593-660 pls 34-38 [614].

  Type species:

   Spongia equina Schmidt, 1862 by monotypy.
• Aphrodite Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 5. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 282-325 pls 26-35 [306] [junior homonym of Aphrodite Leske, 1775 (Polychaeta), Aphrodite Link, 1907 (Mollusca), Aphrodite Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera) and Aphrodite Lea, 1834 (Mollusca)].

  Type species:

   Aphrodite nardorus Lendenfeld, 1885 by monotypy.
• Hippiospongia Laubenfels, M.W. de 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. (Tortugas Lab. Paper No. 467). Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington 30: 1-225 22 pls 1 map [11] [unnecessary replacement name following the generally unaccepted merging of Hippospongia de Laubenfels, 1936 in Spongia Linnaeus, 1759 by Burton, M. 1934. Sponges. Science Reports of the Geat Barrier Reef Expedition 4: 513–621 pls 1–2].

  Type species:

   Hippiospongia lachne de Laubenfels, 1936 by original designation.

  Secondary source:

   Burton, M. 1934. Sponges. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 4: 513-621 pls 1-2 [574]; Topsent, E. 1937. Notes diverses sur des Eponges. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 722: 1-15 [13].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Bergquist, P.R. 1980. A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida (Class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7: 443-503 figs 1-25 pls [452]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

West Indies, Mediterranean Sea, S Africa, Indian Ocean, Indo-Malayan region and W Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Distribution References

Diagnosis

Spongiidae with a highly-developed fibre network characterised by the almost complete absence of primary fibres, which occur only superficially, and may be lightly cored. The tangled network of uncored secondary fibres forms the skeleton, which is supple and elastic. Species of Hippospongia are characterised by cavernous construction throughout (Fig. 1H), formed by numerous surface lacunae covered by pinacoderm and large diameter oscules (Fig. 1G) which maintain their diameter into the body of the sponge. The surface is conulose, each conule formed by one to several emergent fibres, forming a tuft or brush. When the skeleton is macerated and dried, the sponges appear coarsely hirsute, in contrast to the finely conulose surface of Spongia species. These sponges are dark-pigmented, and are never armoured.

ID Keys

See Family Spongiidae Diagnosis

Diagnosis References

Cook, S.D.C. & Bergquist, P.R. 2002. Family Spongiidae Gray, 1867. pp. 1051-1060 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [1055]

History of changes

• Euspongia anfractuosa Carter, H.J. 1885. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 15: 301-321 [316] [type series composite].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1886.12.15.226 dry (NMV photos 54/20,21, =AM G2838 slide - egaz), 33 m, Port Phillip Heads, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E]; BMNH 1886.12.15.224 dry (NMV photo 54/18 - egaz), 33 m, Port Phillip Heads, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E]; BMNH 1886.12.15.280 dry (NMV photos 54/16,17,22 - egaz), 33 m, Port Phillip Heads, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E]; BMNH unregistered dry with Carter's No. 46 (NMV photo 54/19 - egaz), 33 m, Port Phillip Heads, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E].

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Bass Strait Shelf Province (35)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Euspongia canaliculata Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 6. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 481-553 pls 36-38.
• Euspongia canaliculata dura Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 6. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 481-553 pls 36-38 [502].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.8.27.311 dry –312, slide, WA [25°00'S 122°00'E].
  Paralectotype(s) AM B5475 2 specimens, dry (NMV photo 2/31), Port Jackson [33°51'S 151°15'E]; BMNH 1886.8.27.309 wet, fragment, Port Denison, QLD [no coords available egaz]; AM G3707 slide, no locality; ZMB 6738 slide, no locality.
• Euspongia canaliculata elastica Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 6. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 481-553 pls 36-38 [502].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.8.27.305 dry –306 slide (egaz), 10 m, Port Phillip Bay, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E].
  Paralectotype(s) AM B5467 dry (NMV photo 2/2,3 - egaz), Port Jackson [33°51'S 151°15'E].
• Euspongia canaliculata mollissima Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 6. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 481-553 pls 36-38 [502].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.8.27.307 dry –308, slide, 15 m, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E].
  Paralectotype(s) AM G3965 dry (NMV photo 2/4); ZMB 6736 slide.
• Hippospongia canaliculata flabellum Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [37] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (325)].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1939.2.10.5 dry, locality unknown.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [382]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Fremantle, Port Jackson, Maroubra Bay, Illawarra and Port Phillip Bay.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 10–15 m.

History of changes

• Hippospongia cerebrum Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [35] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (300, pl. 17 figs 1, 14)].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1931.5.21.1 dry (NMV photos 55/11,12 - egaz), Fremantle, WA [32°03'S 115°46'E].
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH unregistered dry; ZMB 6740 slide.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Province (31)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Hippospongia derasa Ridley, S.O. 1884. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert, 1881–1882. Spongiida. (Part 1, Australian sponges). London : British Museum (Natural History) 366-482, pls 39-43. [382].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1882.2.23.205 dry (NMV photos 55/13,14 - egaz), West Is., Torres Strait [10°22'S 142°02'E].

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Hippospongia equina elastica Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [36] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (307, pl. 16 fig. 1); unrecognisable except in Spongiidae].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1841.3.16.7 dry (egaz), Pine Is., Torres Strait; Tasmania; Illawarra, NSW [41°51'S 146°47'Em, 10°25'S 142°10'E, 42°00'S 147°00'E, 37°04'S 142°42'E]; BMNH 1844.9.13.14 dry (egaz), Pine Is., Torres Strait; Tasmania; Illawarra, NSW [41°51'S 146°47'Em, 10°25'S 142°10'E, 42°00'S 147]; BMNH 1846.8.12.68 dry (egaz), Pine Is., Torres Strait; Tasmania; Illawarra, NSW [41°51'S 146°47'Em, 10°25'S 142°10'E, 42°00'S]; BMNH 1851.7.25.157 dry (egaz), Pine Is., Torres Strait; Tasmania; Illawarra, NSW [41°51'S 146°47'Em, 10°25'S 142°10'E, 42°00'S]; BMNH 1857.1.2.42 dry (egaz), Pine Is., Torres Strait; Tasmania; Illawarra, NSW [41°51'S 146°47'Em, 10°25'S 142°10'E, 42°00'S 147]; BMNH 1859.2.11.2 dry (egaz), Pine Is., Torres Strait; Tasmania; Illawarra, NSW [41°51'S 146°47'Em, 10°25'S 142°10'E, 42°00'S]; BMNH 1859.2.11.7 (egaz), Pine Is., Torres Strait; Tasmania; Illawarra, NSW [41°51'S 146°47'Em, 10°25'S 142°10'E, 42°00'S 147]; BMNH 1859.2.29.15 dry (egaz), Pine Is., Torres Strait; Tasmania; Illawarra, NSW [41°51'S 146°47'Em, 10°25'S 142°10'E, 42°00'S 147].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Euspongia officinalis cavernosa Ridley, S.O. 1884. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert, 1881–1882. Spongiida. (Part 1, Australian sponges). London : British Museum (Natural History) 366-482, pls 39-43. [379] [junior homonym of Spongia cavernosa Pallas, 1766].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1882.2.20.210 dry (egaz), 18 m, Torres Strait [10°25'S 142°10'E].
• Hippospongia fistulosa Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [36] [nom. nov. (intended) for Euspongia officinalis cavernosa Ridley, as redescription of holotype makes clear in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (313); in key].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s).

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Torres Strait, and also Indo-Malayan region.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth subtidal–18 m.

History of changes

• Euspongia galea Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 6. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 481-553 pls 36-38 [543].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.8.27.303 dry (egaz), WA [25°00'S 122°00'E].
  Paralectotype(s) AM A5131 dry (NMV photos 3/32,33 - egaz), Darwin [12°28'S 130°50'E]; ZMB 6747 slide, no locality; BMNH unregistered 2 specimens (not conspecific with figured lectotype), Wollongong [no coords available].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Also 'East coast of Australia'.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Hippospongia equina massa Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [36] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (305); type series appears to be composite and requires revision].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1908.2.4.1 (no coords avail for Wollongong), Australian Seas (Wollongong, NSW; Shark Bay, WA) [33°00'S 146°00'E, 25°56'S 113°32'3''E].
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1859.10.7.112 (2 specimens), no data; BMNH 1839.7.4.4, no data; BMNH 1859.3.7.2 (eg), Shark Bay [25°56'S 113°32'3''E]; BMNH unregistered (2 specimens), Australia, Wollongong; BMNH unregistered 2 specimens; BMNH unregistered 4 specimens, no data; ZMB 6746 slide, no data.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Western Australia

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

General References

Topsent, E. 1930. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 5: 1-56 4 figs pls 1-4 [10] (alludes to conspecificity of Lendenfeld's species with both Spongia communis Lamarck, 1814 (Red Sea) and Spongia equina Schmidt, 1862 (Mediterranean)

History of changes

• Hyattella mollissima Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [20] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (111); type series composite].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1872.5.21.45 dry (NMV photos 55/19,20 - egaz), Perth (as Swan River), WA [32°03'S 115°45'E].
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1849.11.12.6 dry (egaz), Tasmania [42°00'S 147°00'E]; BMNH 1868.11.25.12 dry, N America [no coords available egaz]; BMNH unregistered dry (=Hyattella intestinalis), no locality; ZMB 10441 slide, no locality.
• Hyattella micropora Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [20] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (112, pl. 20 fig. 1)].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1845.5.12.4 dry (NMV photos 55/21,22), Indian Ocean [?].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Bergquist, P.R. 1980. A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida (Class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7: 443-503 figs 1-25 pls [452]

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Perth, and also Indian Ocean.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• [Hippospongia mollissima] Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [36] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (310, pl. 17 fig. 13); junior secondary homonym of Hyattella mollissima Lendenfeld, 1889].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1869.4.21.3 dry, Torres Strait [10°25'S 142°10'E egaz]; BMNH 1869.4.21.4 dry (egaz), Torres Strait [10°25'S 142°10'E]; BMNH 1869.4.21.5 dry, Torres Strait [egaz]; BMNH 1869.4.21.7 dry (egaz), Torres Strait [10°25'S 142°10'E].
• Hippospongia multicia Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [383] [nom. nov. for Hippospongia mollissima Lendenfeld, 1889].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Torres Strait and Illawarra.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Aulena nigra Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 5. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 282-325 pls 26-35 [319].

  Type data:

   Holotype shallow water–20 m, Port Denison, QLD [no coords available egaz].
  Paratype(s) BMNH 1886.8.27.101 wet; BMNH 1886.8.27.102 slide; ZMB 6749 slide, no locality.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth subtidal–20 m.

History of changes

• [Spongia clathrus] Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de Monet 1814. Sur les polypiers empâtés. Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 20: 294-312, 370-386, 432-458 [457] [junior homonym of Spongia clathrus Esper, 1794; Lamarck's specimens redescribed in Topsent, E. 1933. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Fin. Arch. Mus. Natl Hist. Nat. Paris 6 10: 1–60 5 figs pls 1–3 (10, fig. 1, pl. 2 fig. 9)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MNHN Paris (egaz), Kangaroo Is., SA [35°50'S 137°06'E]; BMNH 1954.2.20.10 slide (egaz), Kangaroo Is., SA [35°50'S 137°06'E].
• Hippospongia seposita Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [nom. nov. for Spongia clathrus Lamarck, 1814].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s).

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Kangaroo Is.

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Hyattella Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [233].

  Type species:

   Hircinia clathrata Carter, 1881 by monotypy.
• Trypespongia Laubenfels, M.W. de 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. (Tortugas Lab. Paper No. 467). Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington 30: 1-225 22 pls 1 map [13].

  Type species:

   Trypespongia columbia de Laubenfels, 1936 by original designation.
• Luffariospongia Burton, M. 1937. The littoral fauna of Krusadai Island in the Gulf of Manaar. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, Natural History 1: 1-58 pls 1-9 [41] [junior objective synonym of Hyattella Lendenfeld, 1888].

  Type species:

   Hircinia clathrata Carter, 1881 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Bergquist, P.R. 1980. A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida (Class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7: 443-503 figs 1-25 pls [452]

Distribution

States

Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

West Indian region, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Indo-Malayan region, Japan and W Pacific.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Distribution References

Diagnosis

These sponges produce upright, tubular or low, spreading forms. Some species are buried in the substratum, with oscule bearing fistules protruding from the sediment. The surface is unarmoured and conulose. The whole sponge is often very lacunose, both through the sponge body and across the surface (Fig. 2A–C). The fibre skeleton comprises regularly spaced, cored primary fibres and a dense, regular network of uncored secondary fibres (Fig. 2D). There is also a fine-meshed, tangential, dermal fibre reticulum. The consistency is firm and compressible, with a coarse texture. Typically pale yellow to orange-brown.

ID Keys

See Family Spongiidae Diagnosis

Diagnosis References

Cook, S.D.C. & Bergquist, P.R. 2002. Family Spongiidae Gray, 1867. pp. 1051-1060 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [1057]

History of changes

• Hyattella arborea Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [21] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (114, pl. 15 fig. 2)].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH unregistered K.40, dry (NMV photos 5.5/15,16), West Coast of Australia.
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH unregistered K.40, dry; ZMB 10434 slide, no locality.
• Hyattella lamarcki Topsent, E. 1933. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Fin. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 10: 1-60 5 figs pls 1-3 [38] [for Alcyonium papillosum var. b, Lamarck, part].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHN Paris LBIM DT655, Ambon, Indonesia [3°50'39"S 137°40'49"E].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [384]

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Also Indian Ocean, Indo-Malayan region and W Pacific.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

General References

Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] (other possible synonymies include Spongia sinuosa Pallas, 1766, Spongia lapidescens mauritiana Hyatt, 1877, Spongia lapidescens mauritiana decidua Hyatt, 1877; Spongia lapidescens mauritiana pacifica Hyatt, 1877 but their identities are currently dubious)

History of changes

• Hircinia clathrata Carter, H.J. 1881. Supplementary report on specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar, together with others from the sea in the vicinity of the Basse Rocks and from Bass's Straits respectively, presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 7: 361-385 pl. 18 [366].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) ex LFM (Gulf of Mannar, Cawne Warren Collection), destroyed in air raid, 1941 (egaz), Gulf of Mannar, India; Red Sea [8°36'39"N 78°35'27"E]; BMNH (not found - egaz), Red Sea [22°32'56"N 37°06'43"E].

  Secondary source:

   Stone, S.M. 1986. Index to Important Sponge Collections. Autumn 1986. London : British Museum (Natural History) Vol. 47. [25].

Distribution

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, coral reef, filter-feeder.

General References

Nevalainen, T.J., Quinn, R.J. & Hooper, J.N.A. 2004. Phospholipase A2 in Porifera. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 137(B): 413-420 [415] (Listed in this article)

History of changes

• Spongia intestinalis Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de Monet 1814. Sur les polypiers empâtés. Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 20: 294-312, 370-386, 432-458 [439].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHN Paris LBIM DT584 (Indian Ocean), 'Mediterranean', erroneous, probably Indian Ocean; (Mauritius).
  Paratype(s) MNHN Paris LBIM DT3366–7 (egaz), Mauritius [20°31'51"S 57°47'59"E]; MNHN Paris (=Fasciospongia cavernosa (Schmidt) from Mediterranean); BMNH 1954.2.20.26 slide.

  Type locality references:

  Topsent, E. 1932. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Deuxième partie. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 8: 61-124 2 figs pls 1-6 [64].
• Spongia cariosa Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de Monet 1814. Sur les polypiers empâtés. Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 20: 294-312, 370-386, 432-458 [371] [type material has deteriorated to extent that conspecificity with Hyattella intestinalis is questionable].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHN Paris LBIM DT3409, Indian Ocean.

  Secondary source:

   Topsent, E. 1930. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 5: 1-56 4 figs pls 1-4 [14].
• Spongia tubulosa Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de Monet 1814. Sur les polypiers empâtés. Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 20: 294-312, 370-386, 432-458 [371] [type material has deteriorated to extent that conspecificity with Hyattella intestinalis is questionable].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHN Paris LBIM DT588, Indian Ocean [?].

  Secondary source:

   Topsent, E. 1932. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Deuxième partie. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 8: 61-124 2 figs pls 1-6 [81].
• Spongelia velata Hyatt, A. 1877. A revision of the North American Poriferae, with remarks upon foreign species. Part 2. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 2: 481-554 pls 15-17 [534].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, MCZ (egaz), Zanzibar [6°09'57"S 39°12'10"E].
• Hippospongia anomala Poléjaeff, N. 1884. Report on the Keratosa collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 11: 1-88 pls 1-10 [54].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1885.8.8.23 wet and macerated fragment (egaz), 13 m, Torres Strait [10°25'S 142°10'E].
• Hyattella tubaria Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [21] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (117, pl. 15 fig. 3)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1933.8.2.1 dry (no locality, 4 other specimens not found - egaz coords for Red Sea and Bombay), West and North-West Coasts of Australia; Red Sea; Aden; Bombay [22°32'56"N 37°06'43"E, 16°03'57"N 112°22'55"E]; ZMB 10446 slide, no locality; AM (not found).
• Hippospongia dura Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [35] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (298, pl. 17 fig. 15)].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH (not found), American Coast of North Atlantic [?].
• Stelospongia kingi Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [52] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (494)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1859.10.7.8 dry (as Cacospongia, no locality), Indian Ocean; BMNH 1859.10.7.42 dry (as Cacospongia), no locality; ZMB 7118 slide, no locality.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Topsent, E. 1930. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 5: 1-56 4 figs pls 1-4 [14]
• Topsent, E. 1932. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Deuxième partie. Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 8: 61-124 2 figs pls 1-6 [81]
• van Soest, R.W.M. 1978. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part. I. Keratosa. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands 56(179): 1-94 30 figs 15 pls [23]
• Bergquist, P.R. 1980. A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida (Class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7: 443-503 figs 1-25 pls [454, 474]

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

NW Shelf, Houtman Abrolhos, Torres Strait, Fort Denison, Snake Reef, Turtle Is., also Indian Ocean, Indo-Malayan region and W Pacific.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth subtidal–92 m.

General References

Cambie, R.C., Craw, P.A., Stone, M.J. & Bergquist, P.R. 1988. Chemistry of Sponges. 4. Spongian diterpenes from Hytella [sic.] intestinalis. Journal of Natural Products Lloydia 51(2): 293-297 [293]

Fromont, J. 1999. Demosponges of the Houtman Abrolhos. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 44: 175-184 [180] (Listed in this article)

History of changes

• Hyattella meander Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [21] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (118, pl. 20 fig. 5)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH unregistered dry, K.41, Bowerbank Collection (NMV photos 55/23,24 - egaz - Gulf St Vincent), Aden, Indian Ocean (Gulf St Vincent, SA) [35°00'S 138°05'E]; ZMB 2266 4 slides (egaz), Gulf St Vincent [35°00'S 138°05'E]; ZMB 10440 slide, no locality.

Distribution

States

South Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Gulf St Vincent, and also Indian Ocean.

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Hyattella tenella Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [20] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (113, pl. 12 fig. 18, pl. 20 fig. 2)].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.8.27.350 dry (NMV photos 55/17,18 - egaz), Torres Strait, QLD [10°25'S 142°10'E].
  Paralectotype(s) ZMB 1179 wet, 3 slides; ZMB 10445 slide, no locality.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, filter-feeder, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Shallow waters.

History of changes

• Leiosella Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [120] [invalid subsequent designation of type species by Laubenfels, M.W. de 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. (Tortugas Lab. Paper No. 467). Publications of the Carnegie Institute Washington 30: 1–225 22 pls 1 map (21), since Leiosella elegans Lendenfeld, 1889 was not included in 1888 and dates from 1889].

  Type species:

   Euspongia levis Lendenfeld, 1885 by subsequent designation, see Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

S Africa, New Zealand and E Pacific.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Distribution References

Diagnosis

Caliculate, lobed, flabellate or ramose sponges, with a thin, regular sand armour. Primary and secondary fibres make up the fibre skeleton. Primary fibres are usually lightly cored and may be fascicular where they form out of the secondary skeleton, or just below the sponge surface. The fibre skeleton is dominated by the characteristic dense secondary reticulum of thick fibres (Fig. 2G). The consistency of these sponges is firm and compressible.

ID Keys

See Family Spongiidae Diagnosis

Diagnosis References

Cook, S.D.C. & Bergquist, P.R. 2002. Family Spongiidae Gray, 1867. pp. 1051-1060 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [1057]

History of changes

• Phyllospongia (Spongionella) arbuscula Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [26] [current status uncertain, possibly a Leiosella, see Bergquist, P.R. 1980. A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida (Class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7: 443–503 figs 1–25 pls (454), but type material overlooked; initially described in key; subsequently described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (190, pl. 5 fig. 2, pl. 6 fig. 8, pl. 7 fig. 1)].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.8.27.44 dry (NMV photos 53/5,6, =AM G3718 slide - egaz), W Australia [25°00'S 122°00'E].
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH unregistered dry, Bowerbank Collection, (a Hippospongia - egaz), Bahamas [24°33'58"N 78°03'47"W].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Unknown.

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

General References

Hooper, J.N.A. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] (generic placement uncertain)

History of changes

• [Euspongia compacta] Carter, H.J. 1882. New sponges, observations on old ones, and a proposed new group. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 10: 106-125 [106] [junior homonym of Spongia compacta Sowerby, 1806].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1877.5.21.1899 dry (NMV photos 52/30,31 - egaz), 'S. Australia' [Port Fairy, VIC] [38°24'S 142°14'E].
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1877.5.21.1900 dry (NMV photo 52/29 - egaz), Port Fairy [38°24'S 142°14'E]; BMNH 1877.5.21.1901 dry, Wollongong [no coords available]; BMNH unregistered dry.
• [Euspongia infundibuliformis] Carter, H.J. 1886. Supplement to the descriptions of Mr. J. Bracebridge Wilson's Australian sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 18: 369-379 [374] [junior homonym of Spongia infudibuliformis Linnaeus, 1759].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.12.18.222 dry (NMV photos 52/26–28 - egaz), Westernport Bay, VIC [38°22'S 145°20'E].
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1886.12.15.44 wet (NMV photos 35/1,2).
• Leiosella caliculata Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [28] [in key as Leiosella calyculata; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (221, pl. 21 fig. 1)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1955.4.7.2 dry (=AM G2839 slide), 30–40 m, Port Phillip Heads [38°07'S 144°48'E]; BMNH 1955.4.7.1 dry (NMV photos 52/32–34); BMNH 1955.4.7.3 dry (NMV photos 52/35,36).
• Coscinoderma concentricum Kirkpatrick, R. 1903. Descriptions of South African sponges. Part iii. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Instituti Biologici della Università di Genova 2: 233-264 pls 5-6 [254].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH 1902.11.16.43 dry (only extant specimen - egaz), 56 m, off Port Elizabeth, South Africa [33°55'58"S 25°34'11"E].
• Spongia compactella Laubenfels, M.W. de 1948. The order Keratosa of the phylum Porifera. A monographic study. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation 3: 1-217 31 figs 30 pls [18] [unnecessary nom. nov. for Euspongia compacta Carter 1882, junior homonym of Spongia compacta Sowerby, 1806].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s).
• Spongia infundibulis Laubenfels, M.W. de 1948. The order Keratosa of the phylum Porifera. A monographic study. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation 3: 1-217 31 figs 30 pls [20] [unnecessary nom. nov. for Euspongia infundibuliformis Carter 1886, junior homonym of Spongia infundibuliformis Linnaeus, 1759].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s).

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [130]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Torres Strait, Wollongong, Port Phillip Bay, Westernport Bay, Deal Is., Port Fairy, Fremantle, and also S Africa.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 30–55 m.

General References

Ridley, S.O. 1884. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert, 1881–1882. Spongiida. (Part 1, Australian sponges). London : British Museum (Natural History) 366-482, pls 39-43. [378] (misidentified as Euspongia foliacea Esper, 1790)

History of changes

• Leiosella elegans Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [27] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (212)].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH Bowerbank Collection (not found), Fremantle, WA [32°03'S 115°46'E].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Province (31)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Leiosella flabellum Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. Die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Hornschwämme. Zoologische Jahrbücher Syst. 4: 1-93 [28] [in key; described in Lendenfeld, R. von 1889. A Monograph of the Horny Sponges. London : Trübner & Co. 936 pp. 17 figs 50 pls. (218, pl. 21 fig. 2)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH dry (old collection, not found - egaz), Fremantle, WA (Bowerbank Collection); Kiama, Wollongong, NSW (BMNH old collection) [32°03'S 115°46'E]; ZMB 6813 slide, no locality.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Wollongong, Kiama, Lake Illawarra and Fremantle.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Euspongia levis Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 6. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 481-553 pls 36-38 [536].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.8.27.319 wet (=AM G3702 slide), 5–10 m, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E].
  Paralectotype(s) AM G3967 wet (NMV photos 18/26–28); AM Z515 wet (NMV photos 17/32–35); BMNH 1882.15.15.4 dry; ZMB 6819 2 slides; ZMB 2287 wet, 4 slides (egaz), Encounter Bay, SA [35°35'S 138°44'E].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Port Jackson, Broughton Is., Lake Illawarra, Maroubra, Deal Is. and Perth.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 5–10 m.

General References

Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [132]

History of changes

• Euspongia silicata Lendenfeld, R. von 1885. A monograph of the Australian sponges. Part 6. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 481-553 pls 36-38 [545].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1886.8.27.342 wet (=AM G3701 slide), 40 m, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E].
  Paralectotype(s) AM G3968 wet.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Torres Strait, Port Jackson, Lake Illawarra, Tuggerah Beach and Eddystone Point.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 40 m.

General References

Carpay, M. 1986. The marine sponges of Tasmania. A checklist of a number of marine sponges, occurring along the Tasmanian coast. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Department of Bijzondere Dierkunde, Institute of Taxonomic Zoology, Amsterdam. pp. 1–77. [38]

History of changes

• Rhopaloeides Thompson, J.E., Murphy, P.T., Bergquist, P.R. & Evans, E.A. 1987. Environmentally induced variation in diterpene composition of the marine sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 15(5): 595-606 [596].

  Type species:

   Rhopaloeides odorabile Thompson, Murphy, Bergquist & Evans, 1987 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Queensland

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Diagnosis

Massive, upright sponges, with thick tuberculate conules on an unarmoured surface. These sponges could easily be mistaken for Spongia species, but are distinguished by the presence of fasicular primary fibres, particular near the sponge surface.

ID Keys

See Family Spongiidae Diagnosis

Diagnosis References

Cook, S.D.C. & Bergquist, P.R. 2002. Family Spongiidae Gray, 1867. pp. 1051-1060 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [1059]

History of changes

• Rhopaloeides odorabile Thompson, J.E., Murphy, P.T., Bergquist, P.R. & Evans, E.A. 1987. Environmentally induced variation in diterpene composition of the marine sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 15(5): 595-606 [596] [for Spongia sp., Bergquist, P.R. & Wells, R.J. 1983. Chemotaxonomy of the Porifera: the development and current status of the field. pp. 1–56 in Scheuer, P. (ed). Marine Natural Products. New York : Academic Press . (24)].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM Z4965 (egaz), Davies Reef, Great Barrier Reef, QLD [18°51'S 147°39'E].

Distribution

States

Queensland

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

General References

Bannister, R.J., Brinkman, R., Battershill, C. & de Nys, R. 2007. The distribution and abundance of dictyoceratid sponges in relation to hydrodynamic features: identifying candidates and environmental conditions for sponge aquaculture. Marine and Freshwater Research 58(7): 624–633 [628]

Burja, A.M., Webster, N.S., Murphy, P.T. & Hill, R.T. 1998. Microbial symbionts of Great Barrier Reef sponges. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 44: 63-76 [63] (Mentioned in this article)

Gillan, F.T., Stoilov, I.L., Thompson, J.E., Hogg, R.W., Wilkinson, C.R. & Djerassi, C. 1988. Fatty acids as biological markers for bacterial symbionts in sponges. Lipids 23(12): 1139-1145 [1140]

Webster, N.S. 2007. Sponge disease: a global threat ? Environmental Microbiology 9(6): 1363-1375 [1366]

Webster, N.S., Wilson, K.J., Blackall, L.L. & Hill, R.T. 2001. Phylogenetic diversity of bacteria associated with the marine sponge Rhopaloeides odorabile. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67(1): 434-444 [434] (Listed in this article)

History of changes