• ORTHOCARDIINAE Schneider, 2002.

General References

ter Poorten, J. 2009. Orthocardiinae Schneider, 2002. In: MolluscaBase (2017). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=381383 (Accessed on 2017-05-30)

History of changes

• Afrocardium Tomlin J.R. le B. 1931. On South African marine mollusca, with description of new genera and species. Annals of the Natal Museum 6(3): 415-450, pl. 33 [449].

  Type species:

   Fragum shepstonense Tomlin, 1931 by original designation.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific

IMCRA

Christmas Island Province (23)

General References

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM. [680]

Hylleberg, J. 2004. Lexical approach to Cardiacea. Records of taxa. Illustrated and annotated records of living and fossil shells, with emphasis on the families Cardiidae and Lymnocardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Part 2: A-M. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 30: 355-644 [370]

Keen, A.M. 1980. The pelecypod family Cardiidae: a taxonomic summary. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 1 16: 1-40 [1]

Oliver, P.G. 1992. Bivalved Seashells of the Red Sea. Wiesbaden : Verlage Christa Hemmen 330 pp. [122]

ter Poorten, J., Bouchet, P. & Gofas, S. 2014. Afrocardium Tomlin, 1931. In: MolluscaBase (2017). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137733 (Accessed on 2017-06-23)

Wilson, B.R. & Stevenson, S.E. 1977. Cardiidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) of Western Australia. Western Australian Museum Special Publication 9: 1-114 [48]

History of changes

• Cardium richardi Audouin, V. 1826. Explication sommaire des planches de Mollusques de l'Egypte et de la Syries, puliées par J.C. Savigny, member de l'Institut; offrant un exposé des caractères naturels des genres avec la distinction des espèces. pp. 7-56 in Jonard, E.F. (ed.). Description de l'Égypte, ou, Recueil de observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française, publie par les ordres de Sa Majesté l'empereur Napoleon le Grand. Histoire Naturelle. Paris : De L’Imprimerie Imperiale Vol. 1(4) 339 pp.
• Cardium rubescens Smith, E.A. 1911. A list of marine shells occurring at Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 9: 315-318 [317, text fig.].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island.
• Cardium skeeti Hedley, 1906.

Generic Combinations

• Afrocardium rubescens (Smith, 1911). —
  Hylleberg, J. 2004. Lexical approach to Cardiacea. Records of taxa. Illustrated and annotated records of living and fossil shells, with emphasis on the families Cardiidae and Lymnocardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Part 3: N-Z. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 30: 645-939 [744]

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

East Indian Ocean

IMCRA

Christmas Island Province (23)

Ecological Descriptors

Continental shelf, marine.

General References

Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. 2001. Mollusca. pp. 180-213 in Costello, M.J., Emblow, C., White, R.J. (Eds.). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels Paris : Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Vol. 50 pp.463.

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM. [291, text fig.] (on CD: line 9751)

Hylleberg, J. 2004. Lexical approach to Cardiacea. Records of taxa. Illustrated and annotated records of living and fossil shells, with emphasis on the families Cardiidae and Lymnocardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Part 3: N-Z. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 30: 645-939 [744]

Streftaris, N., Zenetos, A. & Papathanassiou, E. 2005. Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Reviews 43: 419-453

ter Poorten, J.J. & Gofas, S. 2014. Afrocardium richardi (Audouin, 1826). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138996 (Accessed on 2015-01-23)

History of changes

• Freneixicardia Schneider, J.A. 2002. Phylogeny of cardiid bivalves(cockles and giant clams): revision of the Cardiinae and the importanceof fossils in explaining disjunct biogeographical distributions. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136(3): 321-369 [324].

  Type species:

   Cardium verrucosum Deshayes, 1829 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

History of changes

• Cardium (Ctenocardia) victor Angas, G.F. 1872. Descriptions of ten new species of land and marine shells. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872: 610-613 [3 Nov. 1872] [612, pl. 42, fig. 9] [original reference seen].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1872.5.18.3, Mauritius.
• Ctenocardia victor Angas, 1872.

Generic Combinations

• Ctenocardia (Ctenocardia) victor (Angas, 1872). —
  Kirkendale, L. 2009. Their Day in the Sun: molecular phylogenetics and origin of photosymbiosis in the 'other' group of photosymbiotic marine bivalves (Cardiidae: Fraginae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 97: 448–465
• Freneixicardia victor (Angas, 1872).

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Intertidal, marine, sand.

General References

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM. [680] (notes the questionable affinity to Ctenocardia)

Kirkendale, L. 2009. Their Day in the Sun: molecular phylogenetics and origin of photosymbiosis in the 'other' group of photosymbiotic marine bivalves (Cardiidae: Fraginae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 97: 448–465 (the species is extensively discussed in a phylogenetic context. The species is divergent from other congeners and in need of revision)

Lamprell, K. & Whitehead, T. 1992. Bivalves of Australia. Bathurst, New South Wales : Crawford House Press Vol. 1 xiv 182 pp. [68, fig. 212]

Smith, E.A. 1903. Marine Mollusca. (pp. 589-630, pls. XXXV-XXXVI) in Gardiner, J.S. (ed.). The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, being the account of work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900. Cambridge : University Press Vol. II(Part II) pp. 589–698, pls. XXXV-XLVIII). [625]

ter Poorten, J. 2013. Freneixicardia victor. In: MolluscaBase (2017). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=381417 (Accessed on 2017-05-30)

ter Poorten, J.J. 2009. Ctenocardia victor (Angas, 1872). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216388 (Accessed on 2015-01-27)

Wilson, B.R. & Stevenson, S.E. 1977. Cardiidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) of Western Australia. Western Australian Museum Special Publication 9: 1-114 [30, pl. 4, figs 1-5, text fig. 3]

History of changes

• Lyrocardium Meek, F.B. 1876. A report on the invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils of the Upper Missouri Country. Reports of the U.S. Geology and Geography Surveys of the Territories 9: 629 pp., 45 pls [173].

  Type species:

   Cardium lyratum Sowerby, 1841 by subsequent designation.
• Amphicardium Martens, E.C. von 1880. Mollusken. pp. 181-346 in Mobius, K. (ed.). Beitrage zur Meeresfauna der Insel Mauritius und der Seychellen. Berlin : Otto Enslin 352 pp. [324].

  Type species:

   Cardium lyratum Sowerby, 1841 by subsequent designation.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

General References

Hylleberg, J. 2004. Lexical approach to Cardiacea. Records of taxa. Illustrated and annotated records of living and fossil shells, with emphasis on the families Cardiidae and Lymnocardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Part 2: A-M. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 30: 355-644 [608]

Keen, A.M. 1980. The pelecypod family Cardiidae: a taxonomic summary. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 1 16: 1-40 [7]

Moore, R.C. (ed.) 1969. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part N. Mollusca 6. Bivalvia. Boulder, Colorado & Lawrence, Kansas : Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press Vols 1 & 2 xxxviii + ii, 952 pp. [Vol.1, pp. i-xxxviii + N1-N489; Vol. 2, pp. i-ii + N491-N952] [N589]

ter Poorten, J. 2009. Lyrocardium Meek, 1876. In: MolluscaBase (2017). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225603 (Accessed on 2017-06-23)

Wilson, B.R. & Stevenson, S.E. 1977. Cardiidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) of Western Australia. Western Australian Museum Special Publication 9: 1-114 [71]

History of changes

• Cardium aurantiacum Adams, A. & Reeve, L. 1850. Mollusca. pp. 45-87 in Adams, A. (ed.). The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Samarang; under the command of Captain Sir Edward Belcher, C.B.F.R.A.S., F.G.S. during the years 1843-1846. London : Reeve, Benham & Reeve Vol. 3. [77, pl. 22, fig. 4].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, China Sea.

Generic Combinations

• Lyrocardium aurantiacum (Adams & Reeve, 1850). —
  Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM. [306]
• Nemocardium aurantiacum (Adams & Reeve, 1850). —
  Hylleberg, J. 2004. Lexical approach to Cardiacea. Records of taxa. Illustrated and annotated records of living and fossil shells, with emphasis on the families Cardiidae and Lymnocardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Part 2: A-M. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 30: 355-644 [391-392]
• Nemocardium (Lyrocardium) aurantiacum (Adams & Reeve, 1850). —
  Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [244, fig. 740]

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Central Indo-west Pacific

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, intertidal, marine, mud-silt, rubble, sand, sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

5-100 m, on fine sand, reefs, sand and rubble

General References

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM. [306, CD: line 10231]

Hylleberg, J. 2004. Lexical approach to Cardiacea. Records of taxa. Illustrated and annotated records of living and fossil shells, with emphasis on the families Cardiidae and Lymnocardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Part 2: A-M. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 30: 355-644 [391-392]

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [244, fig. 740]

ter Poorten, J.J. 2014. Lyrocardium aurantiacum (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=381808 (Accessed on 2015-01-30)

History of changes

• Cardium lyratum Sowerby, G.B. 1841. An extensive series of new species of the genus Cardium exhibited by Mr Cuming. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 8: 105-115 [109].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1971.27, Dumaguete, Island of Negroes, Philippines.

Generic Combinations

• Discors lyratum (Sowerby, 1840). —
  Tantanasiriwong, R. 1979. A checklist of marine bivalves from Phuket (area). Phuket Marine Biological Center, Research Bulletin 27: 1-15 [9]
• Lyrocardium lyratum (Sowerby, 1840). —
  Wilson, B.R. & Stevenson, S.E. 1977. Cardiidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) of Western Australia. Western Australian Museum Special Publication 9: 1-114 [72, figs 26-28, text fig. 11]
  Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM. [305]
• Nemocardium lyratum (Sowerby, 1840). —
  Hylleberg, J. 2004. Lexical approach to Cardiacea. Records of taxa. Illustrated and annotated records of living and fossil shells, with emphasis on the families Cardiidae and Lymnocardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Part 2: A-M. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 30: 355-644 [607-608]
• Nemocardium (Lyrocardium) lyratum (Sowerby, 1840). —
  Lamprell, K. & Whitehead, T. 1992. Bivalves of Australia. Bathurst, New South Wales : Crawford House Press Vol. 1 xiv 182 pp. [pl. 32, fig. 217]

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Biogenic substrate, continental shelf, coral rubble, marine, sand, sublittoral, subtidal.

Extra Ecological Information

3-100 m, coarse sand.

General References

Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [318, pl. 76, fig. 1] (as Discors lyratum)

Cotton, B.C. 1964. Molluscs of Arnhem Land. Records of the American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land 4 (Zoology): 9–43 [11, pl. 3, figs 13, 14] (as Discors lyratum)

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM. [305]

Hylleberg, J. 2004. Lexical approach to Cardiacea. Records of taxa. Illustrated and annotated records of living and fossil shells, with emphasis on the families Cardiidae and Lymnocardiidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Part 2: A-M. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 30: 355-644 [607-608]

Lamprell, K. & Whitehead, T. 1992. Bivalves of Australia. Bathurst, New South Wales : Crawford House Press Vol. 1 xiv 182 pp. [68, fig. 217]

Reeve, L.A. 1844. Monograph of the genus Cardium. pls 1-12, 13-22 in Reeve, L.A. (ed.). Conchologica Iconica. London : Reeve & Bentham Vol. 2. [pl. 2, fig. 12] (as C. lyratum)

Rippingale, O.H. & McMichael, D.F. 1961. Queensland and Great Barrier Reef shells. Brisbane : Jacaranda Press 210 pp. [186, pl. 26, fig. 16] (as Discors lyratum)

Tantanasiriwong, R. 1979. A checklist of marine bivalves from Phuket (area). Phuket Marine Biological Center, Research Bulletin 27: 1-15 [9]

ter Poorten, J. 2014. Lyrocardium lyratum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1840). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=381818 (Accessed on 2015-02-02)

Wilson, B.R. & Stevenson, S.E. 1977. Cardiidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) of Western Australia. Western Australian Museum Special Publication 9: 1-114 [72, pl. 4, figs 26-28, text fig. 11]

Common Name References

Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [318] (For Discors lyratum) (Lyrate Cockle)

Wilson, B. 2002. A handbook to Australian seashells on seashores east to west and north to south. Sydney : Reed New Holland 185 pp. [62, pl. 63] (Lyrate Heart Cockle)

History of changes