History of changes

History of changes

History of changes

Introduction

The Hanleyidae is a small family, found mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, although one species, Hemiarthrum setulosum, is circumpolar sub-Antarctic in distribution. This species broods its young to an advanced stage in the pallial groove.

The family is characterised by small, unslit insertion plates on at least some valves, and the spiculose girdle.

General References

Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1985. Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. Leiden : E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys Vol. 1 240 pp.

Simpson, R.D. 1976. Physical and biotic factors limiting the distribution and abundance of littoral molluscs on Macquarie Island (sub-antarctic). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 21: 11-49

Simpson, R.D. 1977. The reproduction of some littoral molluscs from Macquarie Island (sub-antarctic). Marine Biology, Berlin 44: 125-142

History of changes

• LEPTOCHITONIDAE Dall, 1889.
• LEPIDOPLEURIDAE Pilsbry, 1892.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Jones, A.M. & Baxter, J.M. 1987. Molluscs: Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, Polyplacophora and Scaphopoda: keys and notes for the identification of species. Synopses of the British fauna. New series: no. 37 London : E.J. Brill, Dr. W. Backhuys for the Linnean Society of London pp.154.

Introduction

The Leptochitonidae is a family of small chitons, found worldwide from tropical to polar regions, and from intertidal pools to abyssal depths. Representatives of this family are usually found on, or under, stones in sediments.

The family is characterised by lack of insertion plates, granulose and usually uncoloured tegmentum, and presence of merobranchial gills. Girdle with variously shaped scales, spines and spicules.

General References

Gowlett-Holmes, K.L. 1990. On the taxonomic status of the Australian chiton Parachiton verconis Cotton & Weeding, 1939 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Leptochitonidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 114: 95-97

Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1985. Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. Leiden : E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys Vol. 1 240 pp.

Schwabe, E. & Gofas, S. 2009. Leptochitonidae Dall, 1889. In: MolluscaBase (2015). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=59 (Accessed on 2015-08-17)

History of changes

• Belknapchiton Sirenko, B., Saito, H. & Schwabe, E. 2022. A redescription of Leptochiton belknapi Dall, 1878 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Leptochitonidae), the type species of the new genus Belknapchiton. Zootaxa 5205(2): 101-124 [103].

  Type species:

   Leptochiton belknapi Dall, 1878 by original designation.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34)

History of changes

• Belknapchiton australis Sirenko, B. 2023. A small collection of rare and new chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. Zootaxa 5325(3): 359–392.

  Type data:

   Holotype TMAG E45530 (1050–1230m depth, collected via Sherman sled on the Southern Surveyor), South Tasmania Slope, Australia [44.2012°S, 146.1992°E].

Distribution

States

Tasmania

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10)

History of changes

• Leptochiton belknapi Dall, W.H. 1878. Descriptions of new forms of mollusks from Alaska contained in the collections of the National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1: 1-3 [Date published 1 July 1878] [1].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM 30972, North Pacific Ocean [53°08'N 171°19'W].
• Leptochiton benthus Haddon, A.C. 1886. Report on the Polyplacophora collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Challenger Reports Zoology 15: 1-50 pls 1-3 [Date published 9 Aug. 1886] [10].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1889.11.9.1, H.M.S. Challenger Station 241 [35°41´N 157°42´E].

  Secondary source:

   Ferreira, A.J. 1979. The family Lepidopleuridae (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the eastern Pacific. Veliger 22: 145-165.
• Lepidopleurus similis Smith, E.A. 1894. Natural history notes from H.M. Indian Marine Survey Steamer "Investigator", Commander C.F. Oldham, R.N. - Series II., No. 10. Report on some Mollusca dredged in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 14(81): 157-174 366-368, pls 3-5 [167].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown, off Colombo, 1215 m;
  Status unknown, (whereabouts of types (if any) unknown), off Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1215 m.
• Lepidopleurus mesogonus Dall, W.H. 1902. Illustrations and descriptions of new, unfigured, or imperfectly known shells, chiefly American, in the U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 499-566 pls 27-40 [Date published 31 Mar. 1902] [555].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM 109019, off the Queen Charlotte Ils, British Columbia, Canada.
• Lepidopleurus halistreptus Dall, W.H. 1902. Illustrations and descriptions of new, unfigured, or imperfectly known shells, chiefly American, in the U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 499-566 pls 27-40 [Date published 31 Mar. 1902] [556].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) USNM 109032 1 specimen, off Acapulco, Mexico; USNM 109031 1 specimen, off Acapulco, Mexico.
• Lepidopleurus luridus Dall, W.H. 1902. Illustrations and descriptions of new, unfigured, or imperfectly known shells, chiefly American, in the U.S. National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 499-566 pls 27-40 [Date published 31 Mar. 1902] [556].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM 109027, Panama Bay.
• Lepidopleurus giganteus Nierstrasz, H.F. 1905. Die Chitonen der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 48: 1-112 pls 1-8 [Date published Jan. 1905] [3].

  Type data:

   Lectotype ZMA, Banda Sea, Indonesia.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Ferreira, A.J. 1979. The family Lepidopleuridae (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the eastern Pacific. Veliger 22: 145-165 [157].
• Lepidopleurus simplex Nierstrasz, H.F. 1905. Die Chitonen der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 48: 1-112 pls 1-8 [Date published Jan. 1905] [4].

  Type data:

   Lectotype ZMA, Makassar Strait.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Ferreira, A.J. 1979. The family Lepidopleuridae (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the eastern Pacific. Veliger 22: 145-165 [157].
• Lepidopleurus halistreptus abbreviatus Dall, W.H. 1908. Report on the dredging operations of the west coast of Central America, to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U.S. Fish Comm. Steamer "Albatross", during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z.L. Tanner, U.S.M., commanding, XXXVIII. and Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific … etc. XV. The Mollusca and Brachiopoda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 43: 205–487, pls 1–22 [354].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) SBMNH 34461 3 specimens, Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico; USNM 223498 ?1specimen, Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico.
• Lepidopleurus opacus Dall, W.H. 1908. Report on the dredging operations of the west coast of Central America, to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U.S. Fish Comm. Steamer "Albatross", during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z.L. Tanner, U.S.M., commanding, XXXVIII. and Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific … etc. XV. The Mollusca and Brachiopoda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 43: 205–487, pls 1–22 [354].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) USNM 110664, between Galapagos Ils and Peru; SBMNH 34460 1 valve, between Galapagos Ils and Peru.
• Lepidopleurus japonicus Thiele, J. 1909. Revisions des Systems der Chitonen. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 22: 1-70 pls 1-6 [1909] [11].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown, Enoshima and Kajiyama, Japan.
• Lepidopleurus japonicus aequivalvis Bergenhayn, J.R.M. 1933. Die Loricaten von Prof. Dr. Sixten Bocks Expedition nach Japan und den Bonin-Inseln 1914. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Nya Handlingar, Stockholm 12: 1-58 pls 1-3 [Date published 8 Mar. 1933] [4].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZIUU, Sagami Bay, Japan.
• Lepidopleurus aequispinus Bergenhayn, J.R.M. 1933. Die Loricaten von Prof. Dr. Sixten Bocks Expedition nach Japan und den Bonin-Inseln 1914. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Nya Handlingar, Stockholm 12: 1-58 pls 1-3 [Date published 8 Mar. 1933] [6].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZIUU, Sagami Bay, Japan.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1987. Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Suborder Ischnochitonina. Ischnochitonidae: Chaetopleurinae & Ischnochitoninae (pars). Additions to Vols 1 & 2. Leiden : E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys Vol. 3 302 pp. [23]

Generic Combinations

• Belknapchiton belknapi (Dall, 1878). —
  Sirenko, B., Saito, H. & Schwabe, E. 2022. A redescription of Leptochiton belknapi Dall, 1878 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Leptochitonidae), the type species of the new genus Belknapchiton. Zootaxa 5205(2): 101-124 [103] (new combination as type species of the genus Belknapchiton)

Distribution

States

South Australia

Extra Distribution Information

SA, Indo-Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

General References

Schwabe, E. 2009. Leptochiton belknapi Dall, 1878. In: MolluscaBase (2015). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=152690 (Accessed on 2015-08-18)

History of changes

• Parachiton opiparus Iredale, T. & Hull, A.F.B. 1925. A monograph of Australian loricates (Phylum Mollusca – Order Loricata). IV. Family Lepidopleuridae. The Australian Zoologist 3(8): 339-362 pls 39-40 [Date published 14 Jan. 1925] [345].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C32026 (180m depth), off Cape Wiles, SA [34°56’44.3’’S, 135°41’3.3’’E].

Distribution

States

South Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33)

General References

Sirenko, B. 2023. A small collection of rare and new chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. Zootaxa 5325(3): 359–392 [371] (Updated description)

History of changes

• Leptochiton Gray, J.E. 1847. Additional observations on Chitones. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1847: 126-127 [Date published 27 July 1847] [127].

  Type species:

   Chiton asellus Gmelin, 1791 (Reported as Chiton cinereus) by subsequent designation, see Gray, J.E. 1847. A list of the Genera of Recent Mollusca, their Synonyms and Types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 15: 129-242.

Taxonomic Decision for Subgeneric Arrangement

• Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1985. Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. Leiden : E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys Vol. 1 240 pp. [36]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Lord Howe Province (14), Norfolk Island Province (21), Macquarie Island Province (24), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory, Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

History of changes

• Lepidopleurus badius Hedley, C. & Hull, A.F.B. 1909. Descriptions of new and notes on other Australian Polyplacophora. Records of the Australian Museum 7: 260-266 pls 73-74 [Date published 30 Aug. 1909] [260].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM C30459 2 specimens, Long Reef near Narrabeen, NSW; SAMA D10668 5 specimens, Long Reef, near Narrabeen, NSW; SAMA D12532 1 specimen, Long Reef, near Narrabeen, NSW; NMV F16404 2 specimens, Long Reef, Manly, NSW.
• Lepidopleurus glauerti Ashby, E. 1929. Contributions to the fauna of Rottnest Island. No. II. Polyplacophora. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia 15: 47-54 [Date published 27 Mar. 1929] [50].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM 12878, Bathurst Point, Rottnest Is., WA.
  Paratype(s) WAM 12875 1 specimen; SAMA D16152 1 incomplete specimen, Bathurst Point, Rottnest Is., WA.
• Terenochiton iscus Cotton, B.C. & Weeding, B.J. 1939. Flindersian loricates. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 63: 180-199 pl. 7 [Date published 22 Dec. 1939] [182].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA D1232, Cape Jervis, SA.

  Type locality references:

  Zeidler, W. & Gowlett, K.L. 1986. Mollusc type-specimens in the South Australian Museum. 3. Polyplacophora. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 19: 97-115.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1985. Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. Leiden : E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys Vol. 1 240 pp. [142]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

General References

Schwabe, E. 2009. Leptochiton badius (Hedley & Hull, 1909). In: MolluscaBase (2015). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=385779 (Accessed on 2015-08-18)

Sirenko, B. 2020. New Zealand and Australian species of the genus Leptochiton (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Zootaxa 4851(3): 401–449 (Comparison of Tasmanian specimens to Sydney specimens [topotype])

History of changes

• Ischnochiton bednalli Torr, W.G. 1912. South Australian Polyplacophora. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 36: 140-170 pls 5-7 [Date published 31 Dec. 1912] [166].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA D11792, St Francis Is., Nuyts Archipelago, SA.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: G. Aust. Bight, S Gulfs coast, SW coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

General References

Schwabe, E. 2009. Leptochiton bednalli (Torr, 1912). In: MolluscaBase (2015). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=385781 (Accessed on 2015-08-18)

History of changes

• Parachiton collusor Iredale, T. & Hull, A.F.B. 1925. A monograph of Australian loricates (Phylum Mollusca – Order Loricata). IV. Family Lepidopleuridae. The Australian Zoologist 3(8): 339-362 pls 39-40 [Date published 14 Jan. 1925] [346] [nom. nov. for Lepidopleurus profundus Ashby, 1923].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA D11288, Gulf St Vincent, SA.
• Lepidopleurus profundus Ashby, E. 1923. Monograph on the Australian Lepidopleuridae Order Polyplacophora, with a description of a new species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 47: 216-223, 242-243 pls 16-19 [221] [junior homonym of Lepidopleurus profundus May, 1923].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA D11288, Gulf St Vincent, SA.
  Paratype(s) SAMA D11691 2 specimens, Port Phillip Bay, VIC.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1985. Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. Leiden : E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys Vol. 1 240 pp. [147]

Distribution

States

South Australia, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, S Gulfs coast

Ecological Descriptors

Interstitial, sublittoral.

General References

Schwabe, E. 2009. Leptochiton collusor (Iredale & Hull, 1925). In: MolluscaBase (2015). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=385787 (Accessed on 2015-08-18)

History of changes

• Lepidopleurus columnarius Hedley, C. & May, W.L. 1908. Mollusca from one hundred fathoms, seven miles off Cape Pillar, Tasmania. Records of the Australian Museum 7: 108-125, pls 22-25 [123].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C29060, off Cape Pillar, TAS.
  Paratype(s) SAMA D10667 2 valves, off Cape Pillar, TAS; SAMA D15679 5 valves, off Cape Pillar, TAS.
• Lepidopleurus pelagicus Torr, W.G. 1912. South Australian Polyplacophora. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 36: 140-170 pls 5-7 [Date published 31 Dec. 1912] [165].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) SAMA D11688 3 valves, off Cape Jaffa, SA.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1985. Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. Leiden : E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys Vol. 1 240 pp. [138]

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, S Gulfs coast
  • 200 mile fishing zone: S oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

General References

Schwabe, E. 2009. Leptochiton columnarius (Hedley & May, 1908). In: MolluscaBase (2015). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=385788 (Accessed on 2015-08-18)

History of changes

• Terenochiton fairchildi Iredale, T. & Hull, A.F.B. 1929. The loricates of the Neozelanic region. Part I (Continued). Part II. The Australian Zoologist 6: 75-95 pls 9-10 [Date published 13 Aug. 1929] [79].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C46625, Macquarie Is.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

General References

Schwabe, E. 2009. Leptochiton fairchildi (Iredale & Hull, 1929). In: MolluscaBase (2015). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=385794 (Accessed on 2015-08-18)

Sirenko, B. 2020. New Zealand and Australian species of the genus Leptochiton (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Zootaxa 4851(3): 401–449 (Additional specimens studied and compared to holotype)

History of changes

• Leptochiton gowlettholmesae Sirenko, B. 2023. A small collection of rare and new chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. Zootaxa 5325(3): 359–392.

  Type data:

   Holotype TMAG E45530 (1450m depth, obtained by dredging), 744 Seamount, Huon Marine Park, South of Tasmania, Southern Ocean [44.3511°S, 147.2868°E].
  Paratype(s) TMAG E45531 (1520m depth, obtained by dredging), Fracture Marine Park, Southern Ocean, South of Tasmania [45.1345°S, 146.0161°E].

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10)

History of changes

• Leptochiton kerguelensis Haddon, A.C. 1886. Report on the Polyplacophora collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Challenger Reports Zoology 15: 1-50 pls 1-3 [Date published 9 Aug. 1886] [12].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1889.11.9.4, Balfour Bay, Royal Sound, Kerguelen Is.
• Leptochiton pagenstecheri Pfeffer, G. 1886. Polyplacophora. In von Martens, E. & Pfeffer, G. Die Mullusken von Süd-Georgien. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 3: 103-109 pl. 3 [107].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown, South Georgia.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1985. Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. Leiden : E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys Vol. 1 240 pp. [78]

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Heard Is., Antarctica to Subantarctic, southern circumpolar.

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory, Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Antarctic Region

• Australian Antarctic Territory
• Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

General References

Schwabe, E. 2009. Leptochiton kerguelensis Haddon, 1886. In: MolluscaBase (2015). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=385808 (Accessed on 2015-08-18)

History of changes

• Leptochiton laurae Schwabe, E. & Sellanes, J. 2010. Revision of Chilean bathyal chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) associated with cold-seeps, including description of a new species of Leptochiton (Leptochitonidae). Organisms, Diversity and Evolution 10: 31–55.

  Type data:

   Holotype ZSM Mol 20070760 (846m depth), Chile, off Concepción [36º22.19′S, 73º43.36′W].
  Paratype(s) ZSM Mol 20041046, Mol 20041047, Mol 20041459, Mol 20041462, Mol 20041460, Mol 20070688, Mol 20070756, same data as Holotype; MNHN 6614–6616, same data as Holotype.

Introduction

Sirenko (2020) identified specimens from New Zealand only as Leptochiton cf. laurae due to some differences to the holotype and previously studied specimens from the South Shetland Islands by Sirenko (2015). Sirenko (2020) noted that the New Zealand specimens had only 1 or 2 longitudinal ribs on the dorsal scales whereas the Chilean holotype had 6-8 ribs on the dorsal scales. Notably, Sirenko (2020) suggested the the number of ribs on the dorsal scales is variable within the species. He also notes that the New Zealand specimens have 1-2 ribs on their scales, whereas those from Chile have 3 ribs, and those from South Shetland Island have smooth scales. Additionally, he notes that the New Zealand specimens have a longer antemucronal area and rounded valves as compared to previously studied specimens.

Sirenko (2023) reports the species from Australian waters for the first time. He notes that the Australian specimens differs slightly from the Chilean specimens in the possession of smooth dorsal scales, although he again attributes the difference to intraspecific variation. In this study, it also appears that he confirms the identity of the New Zealand specimens as Leptochiton laurae (previously Leptochiton cf. laurae).

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Heard Island - HIMI-Aurora Bank, cruise SC 26, 52.5969°S, 71.9952°E, 310m depth, TMAG E26178

Other Regions

Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

Distribution References

General References

Sirenko, B. 2015. Shallow and deep-sea chitons of the genus Leptochiton Gray, 1847 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida) from Peruvian and Chilean waters. Zootaxa 4033(2): 151–202

Sirenko, B. 2020. New Zealand and Australian species of the genus Leptochiton (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Zootaxa 4851(3): 401–449

History of changes

• Terenochiton liratellus Iredale, T. & Hull, A.F.B. 1925. A monograph of Australian loricates (Phylum Mollusca – Order Loricata). IV. Family Lepidopleuridae. The Australian Zoologist 3(8): 339-362 pls 39-40 [Date published 14 Jan. 1925] [342].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown (not in QM, possibly lost (Stanisic pers. comm.)), Point Cartwright, QLD.
  Paratype(s) AM C149661 5 specimens, Point Cartwright, QLD.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central E coast, NE coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

General References

Schwabe, E. 2009. Leptochiton liratellus (Iredale & Hull, 1925). In: MolluscaBase (2015). World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=385811 (Accessed on 2015-08-18)

History of changes

• Lepidopleurus liratus Adams, H. & Angas, G.F. 1864. Descriptions of new genera and species of Chitonidae from the Australian seas, in the collection of George French Angas. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864: 192-194 [Date published 10 May 1864] [192].

  Type data:

   Neotype AM C10410, Hardwicke Bay, SA.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Iredale, T. & Hull, A.F.B. 1925. A monograph of Australian loricates (Phylum Mollusca – Order Loricata). IV. Family Lepidopleuridae. The Australian Zoologist 3(8): 339-362 pls 39-40 [Date published 14 Jan. 1925].
• Lepidopleurus profundus May, W.L. 1923. Illustrated Index of Tasmanian shells. Supplementary to the check list issued in 1921. Hobart : Government Printer 100 pp. [Appendix pl. 14, No. 2].

  Type data:

   
  Paratype(s); SAMA D11691 2 specimens;
  Syntype(s) SAMA D11288, Gulf St Vincent, SA; SAMA D12533 1 specimen, Pilot Station, Derwent River, TAS; SAMA D16189 1 specimen, Pilot Station, Derwent River, TAS.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1985. Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. Leiden : E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys Vol. 1 240 pp. [136]

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

On rocks/stones in sand pockets on reef.

General References

Sirenko, B. 2020. New Zealand and Australian species of the genus Leptochiton (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Zootaxa 4851(3): 401–449

Sirenko, B. 2023. A small collection of rare and new chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. Zootaxa 5325(3): 359–392 (Confirmation of identification of specimens held at the TMAG)

History of changes

• Lepidopleurus matthewsianus Bednall, W.T. in Bednall, W.T. & Matthews, E.H.V. 1906. On new species of Polyplacophora from South Australia. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 7: 91-92 pl. 9 [Date published 29 June 1906] [92].

  Type data:

   Neotype SAMA D13734, Gulf St Vincent, SA.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Cotton, B.C. & Godfrey, F.K. 1940. The Molluscs of South Australia. Part 2. Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda, Aplacophora and Crepipoda. Adelaide : Government Printer 600 pp. [476].
• Lepidopleurus matthewsi Tate, R. & May, W.L. 1901. A revised census of the marine Mollusca of Tasmania. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 26(3): 344-471 [412] [nom. nud.].
• Lepidopleurus niger Torr, W.G. 1911. Western Australian Polyplacophora. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 35: 94-107 pls 24-25 [Date published 31 Dec. 1911] [105].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA D11686 incomplete, Hopetoun, WA.
• Terenochiton erratus Hull, A.F.B. 1923. New Australian Polyplacophora, and notes on the distribution of certain species. The Australian Zoologist 3: 157-166 pls 24-26 [Date published 15 Aug. 1923] [159].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C49541, Rabbit (=Mistaken) Is., King George Sound, WA.
  Paratype(s) NMV F17982 2 specimens, Rabbit (=Mistaken) Is., King George Sound, WA; AM C156829 1 specimen, Rabbit (=Mistaken) Is., King George Sound, WA.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1985. Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. Leiden : E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys Vol. 1 240 pp. [137]

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

Under stones in sand.

General References

Sirenko, B. 2020. New Zealand and Australian species of the genus Leptochiton (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Zootaxa 4851(3): 401–449 (Tasmanian specimens examined)

History of changes

• Terenochiton sperandus Iredale, T. & Hull, A.F.B. 1925. A monograph of Australian loricates (Phylum Mollusca – Order Loricata). IV. Family Lepidopleuridae. The Australian Zoologist 3(8): 339-362 pls 39-40 [Date published 14 Jan. 1925] [342].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C126815, off Ulladulla, NSW.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Lower E coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

History of changes

• Parachiton Thiele, J. 1909. Revisions des Systems der Chitonen. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 22: 1-70 pls 1-6 [1909] [14] [introduced as a subgenus of Lepidopleurus Risso, 1826].

  Type species:

   Lepidopleurus (Parachiton) acuminatus Thiele, 1909 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia

IMCRA

Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

History of changes

• Parachiton capricornicus Iredale, T. & Hull, A.F.B. 1925. A monograph of Australian loricates (Phylum Mollusca – Order Loricata). IV. Family Lepidopleuridae. The Australian Zoologist 3(8): 339-362 pls 39-40 [Date published 14 Jan. 1925] [345].

  Type data:

   Lectotype AM C21771, Masthead Reef, Capricorn Group, QLD.
  Paralectotype(s) AM C149664 5 valves; AM C149664 5 valves, Masthead Is., Capricorn Group, QLD.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1985. Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. Leiden : E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys Vol. 1 240 pp.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

QLD, Coral Sea.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

History of changes

• Parachiton litoreus Iredale, T. & Hull, A.F.B. 1925. A monograph of Australian loricates (Phylum Mollusca – Order Loricata). IV. Family Lepidopleuridae. The Australian Zoologist 3(8): 339-362 pls 39-40 [Date published 14 Jan. 1925] [344].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C29622, Murray Is., Torres Strait, QLD.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

History of changes

• Parachiton puppis Hull, A.F.B. 1923. New Australian Polyplacophora, and notes on the distribution of certain species. The Australian Zoologist 3: 157-166 pls 24-26 [Date published 15 Aug. 1923] [158].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C49540, Bottle and Glass Point, Vaucluse, NSW.
  Paratype(s) AM C149663 1 specimen, Bottle and Glass Rocks, Vaucluse,Port Jackson, NSW.
• Parachiton verconis Cotton, B.C. & Weeding, B.J. 1939. Flindersian loricates. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 63: 180-199 pl. 7 [Date published 22 Dec. 1939] [183].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA D11689 1 valve, St Francis Is., Nuyts Archipelago, SA.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Gowlett-Holmes, K.L. 1990. On the taxonomic status of the Australian chiton Parachiton verconis Cotton & Weeding, 1939 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Leptochitonidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 114: 95-97 [95]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

In sand.

History of changes

• Terenochiton Iredale, T. 1914. The chiton fauna of the Kermadec Islands. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 11: 25-51 pl. 2 [Date published Mar. 1914] [28].

  Type species:

   Lepidopleurus (Terenochiton) subtropicalis Iredale, 1914 (=Leptochiton norfolcensis) by original designation.

Distribution

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Norfolk Island Province (21)

History of changes

• Lepidopleurus norfolcensis Hedley, C. & Hull, A.F.B. 1912. The Polyplacophora of Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 37: 271-281 pls 11-13 [Date published 29 May 1912] [273].

  Type data:

   Lectotype AM C33111, Norfolk Is.
  Paralectotype(s) AM C149665 1 specimen, Norfolk Is.; AM C149665 1 specimen.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1985. Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. Leiden : E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys Vol. 1 240 pp. [151].
• Lepidopleurus catenatus Hedley, C. & Hull, A.F.B. 1912. The Polyplacophora of Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 37: 271-281 pls 11-13 [Date published 29 May 1912] [273].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) AM C33110 5 specimens, Lord Howe Is.
• Lepidopleurus (Terenochiton) subtropicalis Iredale, T. 1914. The chiton fauna of the Kermadec Islands. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 11: 25-51 pl. 2 [Date published Mar. 1914] [28].

  Type data:

   Holotype CMNZ, Sunday Is., Kermadec Ils.
  Paratype(s) RMNH 55486; AM C149666 1 specimen, Kermadec Ils.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1985. Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina. Leiden : E.J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys Vol. 1 240 pp. [151]

Generic Combinations

• Terenochiton norfolcensis (Hedley & Hull, 1912).

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Kermadec Ils.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Norfolk Island Province (21)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Lord Howe Island
  • Norfolk Island

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

Under stones.

History of changes

Introduction

The results in Okusu et al. (2003) are not conclusive enough to dismiss the clade Acanthochitonina as defended in Sirenko (1993) and from sperm morphology by Buckland-Nicks (1995: Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 166, 129-153). At the most, if the phylogeny of Okusu et al. is correct, this clade will need to be divided in two monophyletic units (then ranked as two distinct suborders), one around Acanthochitona and one around Mopalia (not Ischnochitonina because Ischnochiton belongs to the clade Chitonina). (WoRMS 2009)

General References

Schwabe, E. & Gofas, S. 2010. Chitonida. In: MolluscaBase (2015). World Register of Marine Species. http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382003 (Accessed on 2015-08-19)

History of changes

History of changes

Introduction

The Acanthochitonidae is a large family of chitons found worldwide in tropical to polar seas. The majority of members of this family are poorly known, in part because few specimens are available for study, and the taxonomy of the group is in need of revision.

The family is characterised by insertion plates, usually with slits, on all valves, insertion plate teeth never pectinate; tegmentum often reduced, rarely absent; extra-pigmentary aesthetes absent, girdle spiculose, usually with sutural tufts.

General References

Cotton, B.C. 1964. South Australian Mollusca. Chitons. Adelaide : S.A. Govt. Printer 150 pp.

Gowlett-Holmes, K.L. 1990. A review of the endemic Australian chiton genus Bassethullia Pilsbry, 1928 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Acanthochitonidae). Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia 11: 9-28

Gowlett-Holmes, K.L. 1991. Redefinition of the genus Notoplax H. Adams, 1861, and recognition of the monotypic New Zealand genus Pseudotonicia Ashby, 1928 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Acanthochitonidae). Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia 12: 77-88

Iredale, T. & Hull, A.F.B. 1925. A monograph of Australian loricates (Phylum Mollusca – Order Loricata). V. Family Cryptoconchidae. The Australian Zoologist 4(2): 75-111 pls 9-12 [Date published 10 Nov. 1925]

Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1998. Catalogue of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Leiden : Backhuys 204 pp.

History of changes

• Acanthochitona Gray, J.E. 1821. A natural arrangement of Mollusca according to their internal structure. London Medical Repository 15: 229-239 [234].

  Type species:

   Chiton fascicularis Linnaeus, 1767 by monotypy.
• Gymnoplax Gray, J.E. 1821. A natural arrangement of Mollusca according to their internal structure. London Medical Repository 15: 229-239 [234] [nom. nud.].
• Chitonelle Blainville, H.M.D de 1825. Oscabrelle. Oscabrion. In, Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles. Paris : Levrault Vol. 36 pp. 519–556. [551] [junior objective synonym of Acanthochitona Gray, 1821].

  Type species:

   Chiton fascicularis Linnaeus, 1767 by subsequent designation, see Herrmannsen, A.N. 1852. Indicis generum malacozoorum supplementa et corrigenda. Cassellis : Theodoria Fischeri.
• Acanthochites Risso, A. 1826. Histoire Naturelle des Principales Productions de l'Europe Méridionale et Particulièrement de Celles des Environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Paris : F.-G.Levrault Vol. 4 iv, 439 pp., 12 pls. [Date published November 1826] [268] [junior objective synonym of Acanthochitona Gray, 1821].

  Type species:

   Chiton fascicularis Linnaeus, 1767 by subsequent designation, see Pilsbry, H.A. 1893. Monograph of the Polyplacophora. In Tryon, G.W. Manual of Conchology. Academy of Sciences : Philadelphia Series. Vol. 15. 64 pp. 10 pls [9].
• Phakellopleura Guilding, L. 1829. Observations on the Chitonidae. Zoological Journal London 5: 25-35 [28] [junior objective synonym of Acanthochitona Gray, 1821].

  Type species:

   Chiton fascicularis Linnaeus, 1767 by monotypy.
• Hamachiton Middendorff, A.T. von 1847. Beiträge zu einer Malacozoologia Rossica. Mémoires de l'Academie Imperial de la Société des Sciences, Saint Pétersburg 6: 1-151 pls 1-14 [33] [introduced as section of the subgenus Phaenochiton Middendorff, 1847 of Chiton Linnaeus, 1758, junior objective synonym of Acanthochitona Gray, 1821].

  Type species:

   Chiton fascicularis Linnaeus, 1767 by subsequent designation, see Iredale, T. & Hull, A.F.B. 1925. A monograph of Australian loricates (Phylum Mollusca – Order Loricata). V. Family Cryptoconchidae. The Australian Zoologist 4(2): 75-111 pls 9-12 [Date published 10 Nov. 1925] [76].
• Platysemus Middendorff, A.T. von 1847. Beiträge zu einer Malacozoologia Rossica. Mémoires de l'Academie Imperial de la Société des Sciences, Saint Pétersburg 6: 1-151 pls 1-14 [34] [introduced as a subsection of the section Hamachiton Middendorff, 1847 of the subgenus Phaenochiton Middendorff, 1847 of Chiton Linnaeus, 1758, junior objective synonym of Acanthochitona Gray, 1821].

  Type species:

   Chiton fascicularis Linnaeus, 1767 by subsequent designation, see Iredale, T. & Hull, A.F.B. 1925. A monograph of Australian loricates (Phylum Mollusca – Order Loricata). V. Family Cryptoconchidae. The Australian Zoologist 4(2): 75-111 pls 9-12 [Date published 10 Nov. 1925] [76].
• Strechochiton Tapparone-Canefri, C. 1874. Malacologia. In, Zoologia del viaggio intorno al globo della regia fregata Magenta durante gli anni 1865–68. Torino 4to. 162 pp. 4 pls [79] [ex A. Adams manuscript name].

  Type species:

   Amycula defilippi Tapparone-Canefri, 1874 by monotypy.
• Stectoplax Carpenter, P.P. in Dall, W.H. 1882. On the genera of chitons. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 4: 279-291 [284].

  Type species:

   Stectoplax porrecta Carpenter in Dall, 1882 by original designation (= Acanthochites porrectus Pilsbry, 1893).
• Stectoplax Dall, W.H. 1879. Report on the limpets and chitons of the Alaskan and Arctic regions, with descriptions of genera and species believed to be new. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 1: 281-344 [Date published 13 Feb. 1879] [299] [nom. nud.].
• Meturoplax Pilsbry, H.A. 1894. Notices of new chitons. I. Nautilus 7: 107-108 [Date published Jan. 1894] [107] [introduced as a subgenus of Acanthochites Risso, 1826].

  Type species:

   Acanthochites (Meturoplax) retrojectus Pilsbry, 1894 by original designation.
• Acanthochiton Iredale, T. 1915. A commentary on Suter's "Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca". Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 47: 417-497 [Date published 12 July 1915] [422] [invalid emendation of Acanthochitona Gray, 1821].
• Pseudoacanthochiton Sulc, J. 1934. Studie über die fossilen Chitonen. 1. Die fossilen Chitonen im Neogen des Wiener Beckens und der angrenzenden Gebiete. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 47: 1-31 pls 1-2 [15] [introduced as a subgenus of Cryptoconchus Guilding, 1829].

  Type species:

   Cryptoconchus (Pseudoacanthochiton) steinabrunensis Sulc, 1934 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Van Belle, R.A. 1983. The systematic classification of the chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Informations de la Société Belge de Malacologie 11: 1-178 [140]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Worldwide, an unidentified species has been recorded from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Norfolk Island Province (21), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Central E coast, Central W coast, G. Aust. Bight, Great Barrier Reef, Lower E coast, Lower W coast, NE coast, S Gulfs coast, SW coast, Tas. Coast
  • Lord Howe Island
  • New South Wales
  • Norfolk Island
  • Queensland: Great Barrier Reef, NE coast
  • Tasmania
  • Victoria
  • Western Australia
• Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Aust. Terr.)

Distribution References

History of changes

• Acanthochites approximans Hedley, C. & Hull, A.F.B. 1912. The Polyplacophora of Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 37: 271-281 pls 11-13 [Date published 29 May 1912] [276].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) AM C33120 1 specimen (other syntypes not located), Lord Howe Is. and Norfolk Is.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Only known from Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Norfolk Island Province (21)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Lord Howe Island
  • Norfolk Island

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

On underside of stones, or in crevices of coral slabs, in pools at low tide.

History of changes

• Acanthochites bednalli Pilsbry, H.A. 1894. List of Port Jackson chitons collected by Dr J.C. Cox, with a revision of Australian Acanthochitidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 46: 69-88 pls 2-4 [Date published 29 May 1894] [81].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ANSP 64955 2 specimens, Gulf St Vincent, SA.
• Acanthochiton bednalli johnstoni Ashby, E. 1923. Notes on a collection of Polyplacophora from Carnarvon, Western Australia, with definitions of a new genus and two new species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 47: 230-236 pls 16-19 [Date published 22 Dec. 1923] [231] [introduced as a variety of Acanthochiton bednalli (Pilsbry, 1894)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) SAMA D12185 1 specimen (other syntypes not located), Carnarvon, Shark Bay, WA.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1998. Catalogue of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Leiden : Backhuys 204 pp. [28]

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Central W coast, G. Aust. Bight, Lower W coast, S Gulfs coast, Tas. Coast

Ecological Descriptors

Littoral.

Extra Ecological Information

On rocks and mangrove pneumatophores, in muddy/silty conditions, can crawl on surface of muddy sand.

History of changes

• Acanthochiton complanatus Hull, A.F.B. 1924. New Queensland loricates. (Phylum Mollusca, Order Loricata). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 36: 109-116 pl. 21 [112].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM MO1138, Magnetic Is., QLD.
  Paratype(s) NMV F15155 1 specimen, Magnetic Is., Townsville, QLD; NMV F17979 3 specimens, Magnetic Is., Townsville, QLD.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Great Barrier Reef, NE coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

Under stones embedded in coral sand.

History of changes

• Acanthochites coxi Pilsbry, H.A. 1894. Notices of new chitons. II. Nautilus 7: 119-120 [Date published Feb. 1894] [119].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ANSP 64772 1 specimen (other syntypes not located), Port Hacking, NSW.

  Type locality references:

  Pilsbry, H.A. 1894. List of Port Jackson chitons collected by Dr J.C. Cox, with a revision of Australian Acanthochitidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 46: 69-88 pls 2-4 [Date published 29 May 1894] [81].
• Acanthochites lachrymosus May, W.L. & Torr, W.G. 1913. The Polyplacophora of Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1912: 25-40 pl. 1 [36].

  Type data:

   Holotype TMH E207/7548, Frederick Henry Bay, TAS, on stones in shallow water.
  Paratype(s); TMH E20902 3 valves; AM C34110 5 specimens.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1998. Catalogue of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Leiden : Backhuys 204 pp. [54]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

NSW, VIC, TAS, SA, endemic.

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Lower E coast, S Gulfs coast, Tas. Coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

Under stones in sand or mud.

History of changes

• Acanthochiton gatliffi Ashby, E. 1919. Descriptions of six new species of Australian Polyplacophora (four acanthochitons and two callistochitons), with other notes. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 43: 394-404 pls 41-42 [398].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA D12189 2 valves + fragments, Port Lincoln, SA.
  Paratype(s) NMV F27309 1 specimen, Point Cook, Port Phillip Bay, VIC; NMV F27310 1 specimen, Point Cook, Port Phillip Bay, VIC.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, S Gulfs coast, Tas. Coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

Under rocks.

History of changes

• Acanthochites granostriatus Pilsbry, H.A. 1894. Notices of new chitons. II. Nautilus 7: 119-120 [Date published Feb. 1894] [119].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ANSP 64847 1 specimen (other syntypes not located), Port Jackson, NSW.
• Acanthochites tatei Torr, W.G. & Ashby, E. 1898. Definitions of seven new species of South Australian Polyplacophorae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 22: 215-220 pls 6-7 [219].

  Type data:

   Neotype SAMA D13732, Middleton, Encounter Bay, SA.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Cotton, B.C. & Godfrey, F.K. 1940. The Molluscs of South Australia. Part 2. Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda, Aplacophora and Crepipoda. Adelaide : Government Printer 600 pp. [527].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1998. Catalogue of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Leiden : Backhuys 204 pp. [84]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, Central E coast, Lower E coast, S Gulfs coast

Ecological Descriptors

Littoral.

Extra Ecological Information

Under stones.

History of changes

• Acanthochites kimberi Torr, W.G. 1912. South Australian Polyplacophora. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 36: 140-170 pls 5-7 [Date published 31 Dec. 1912] [167].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) SAMA D12220 3 specimens (doubtful syntypes), Corny Point, SA; SAMA D12221 2 specimens, 3 valves, Kangaroo Is., SA; SAMA D12227 1 specimen (doubtful syntype), Port Noarlunga, SA; SAMA D17586 1 specimen, Aldinga, SA.
• Acanthochiton maxillaris Ashby, E. 1919. Descriptions of six new species of Australian Polyplacophora (four acanthochitons and two callistochitons), with other notes. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 43: 394-404 pls 41-42 [397].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA D12253 6 valves, Marino, SA.
• Acanthochiton kimberi yallingupensis Ashby, E. 1925. The regional distribution of Australian chitons (Polyplacophora). Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 17: 366-393 [382].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) SAMA D13718 1 specimen (other syntypes not located), Yallingup, WA.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kaas, P. & Van Belle, R.A. 1998. Catalogue of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Leiden : Backhuys 204 pp. [103]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Bass Strait, G. Aust. Bight, Lower E coast, Lower W coast, S Gulfs coast, SW coast, Tas. Coast

Ecological Descriptors

Littoral.

Extra Ecological Information

Under stones, amongst mussels.

History of changes

• Acanthochiton macrocystialis Ashby, E. 1924. Further notes on Australian Polyplacophora with descriptions of three new species. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 48: 323-327 pl. 31 [324].

  Type data:

   Holotype SAMA D12248, Point Puer, Port Arthur, TAS.
  Paratype(s) SAMA D10704 1 specimen, Point Puer, Port Arthur, TAS; SAMA D12563 1 specimen & 12 valves, Point Puer, Port Arthur, TAS; NMV F16717 2 specimens, Point Puer, Port Arthur, TAS; NMV F17984 1 specimen, Point Puer, Port Arthur, TAS.

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Tasmanian Shelf Province (36)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Tas. Coast

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, sublittoral.

Extra Ecological Information

In Macrocystis kelp holdfasts.

History of changes

• Acanthochiton pelicanensis Mackay, J.S. 1929. A new loricate from Queensland. The Australian Zoologist 6: 102-103 pl. 11 [Date published 13 Aug. 1929] [102].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C179850, Pelican Is., Keppel Bay, QLD.
  Paratype(s) AM C170851 1 specimen, Pelican Is., Keppel Bay, QLD.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from Keppel Bay and Magnetic Is.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: NE coast

Ecological Descriptors

Littoral.

Extra Ecological Information

Under stones in muddy pools.

History of changes