Genus Molgula Forbes, 1848
- Molgula Forbes, E. 1848. In, Forbes, E. & Hanley, S.C.T. A History of British Mollusca and their Shells. Vol. 1 pp. 1–54. London : John van Voorst. [36] [nomen conservandum Hemming, F. & Noakes, D. (eds) 1958. Official List of Generic Names in Zoology. First instalment. London : International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature 200 pp.; Hartmeyer, R. 1914. Diagnosen einiger neuer Molgulidae aus der Sammlung des Berliner Museums nebst Bemerkungen über die Systematik und Nomenklatur dieser Familie. Sber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berl. 1914: 1–27 (7)].
Type species:
Molgula oculata Forbes, 1848 by subsequent designation, see Hartmeyer, R. 1915. Ascidiarum nomina conservanda. pp. 247-258 in Apstein, C. Nomina Conservanda. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1915b: 247-258.Secondary source:
Hartmeyer, R. 1914. Diagnosen einiger neuer Molgulidae aus der Sammlung des Berliner Museums nebst Bemerkungen über die Systematik und Nomenklatur dieser Familie. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1914: 1-27; Hemming, F. & Noakes, D. 1958. Official List of Generic Names in Zoology. First installment: Names 1–1274. London : Int. Trust. Zool. Nomencl. 200 pp. - Caesira Fleming, J. 1822. Philosophy of Zoology; or a general view of the structure, functions, and classifications of animals. Edinburgh : Hurst Vol. 2 618 pp. [511] [senior synonym suppressed in favour of Molgula Forbes, 1848 as nomen conservandum, see Hemming, F. & Noakes, D. (eds) 1958. Official List of Generic Names in Zoology. First instalment. London : International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature 200 pp.; Hartmeyer, R. 1908. Zur Terminologie der Familien und Gattungen der Ascidien. Zool. Annln. 3: 1–63 (18)].
Type species:
Cynthia dione Savigny, 1816 by original designation. - Cystingia Macleay, W.S. 1825. Anatomical observations on the natural group of the Tunicata, with the description of three species collected in the Fox Channel. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 14: 527-555 [541] [senior synonym suppressed in favour of Molgula Forbes, 1848, as nomen conservandum, see Hemming, F. & Noakes, D. (eds) 1958. Official List of Generic Names in Zoology. First instalment. London : International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature 200 pp.; Huntsman, A.G. 1922. The ascidian family Caesiridae. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 3 16: 211–234 (216)].
Type species:
Cystingia griffithsi Macleay, 1825 by original designation. - Syphonotethis Gervais, F.L.P. 1840. Ascidies. In, Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles. Suppl. 1. Paris and Strasbourg : F.G. Levrault. [407] [senior synonym suppressed in favour of Molgula Forbes, 1848, as nomen conservandum, see Hemming, F. & Noakes, D. (eds) 1958. Official List of Generic Names in Zoology. First instalment. London : International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature 200 pp.; Hartmeyer, R. 1914. Diagnosen einiger neuer Molgulidae aus der Sammlung des Berliner Museums nebst Bemerkungen über die Systematik und Nomenklatur dieser Familie. Sber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berl. 1914: 1–27 (4)].
Type species:
Ascidia tumulus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834 by original designation (see also under Species Inquirendae).Secondary source:
Hartmeyer, R. 1914. Diagnosen einiger neuer Molgulidae aus der Sammlung des Berliner Museums nebst Bemerkungen über die Systematik und Nomenklatur dieser Familie. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1914: 1-27; Hemming, F. & Noakes, D. 1958. Official List of Generic Names in Zoology. First installment: Names 1–1274. London : Int. Trust. Zool. Nomencl. 200 pp. - Pera Stimpson, W. 1852. Several new ascidians from the coast of the United States. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 4: 228-232 [232].
Type species:
Pera pellucida Stimpson, 1852 by monotypy. - Lithonephyra Giard, A.M. 1872. Etudes critique des travaux d'embryogénie relatifs à la parenté des Vertébrés et de Tuniciers. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 1: 233-235, 397-428 [405].
Type species:
Molgula complanata Alder & Hancock, 1870 by original designation. - Gymnocystis Giard, A.M. 1872. Etudes critique des travaux d'embryogénie relatifs à la parenté des Vertébrés et de Tuniciers. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 1: 233-235, 397-428 [405].
Type species:
Molgula ampulloides Beneden, 1847 by original designation. - Anurella Lacaze-Duthiers, F.J.H. 1877. Histoire des ascidies simples des côtes de France Pt 2. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 6: 457-676 [495].
Type species:
Anurella bleizi Lacaze-Duthiers, 1877 by monotypy. - Ctenicella Lacaze-Duthiers, F.J.H. 1877. Histoire des ascidies simples des côtes de France Pt 2. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 6: 457-676 [604].
Type species:
Molgula appendiculata Heller, 1877 by original designation. - Ascopera Herdman, W.A. 1881. Preliminary report on the Tunicata of the Challenger Expedition. Cynthiidae, Molgulidae. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 11(3): 52-88 [238].
Type species:
Ascopera gigantea Herdman, 1881 by original designation. - Eugyriopsis Roule, L. 1885. Recherches sur les ascidies simples des côtes de Provence (Cynthiadées). Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris 6 20: 136-229 [205].
Type species:
Eugyropsis intermedia Roule, 1885 by monotypy. - Astropera Pizon, A. 1898. Etude anatomique et systématique des molgulidées appartenant aux collections du Muséum de Paris. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris 8 7: 305-381 [343].
Type species:
Astropera sabulosa Pizon, 1898 by monotypy. - Meristocarpus Pizon, A. 1899. Description d'un nouveau genre d'ascidie simple de la famille des Molgulideés, Meristocarpus. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris [published 1907-1971] 5: 42-43 [42].
Type species:
Meristocarpus fuscus Pizon, 1899 by monotypy. - Molgulidium Seeliger, O. 1907. Appendicularien und Ascidien, Tunicata. Manteltiere. pp. 1041-1280 in Bronn, H.G. (ed.). Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs. Leipzig : C.F. Winter Vol. 3 Suppl. 68–80. [1174] [juniour objective synonym of Ctenicella Lacase-Duthiers, 1877].
Type species:
Molgula appendiculata Heller, 1877 by original designation. - Molgulina Hartmeyer, R. 1914. Diagnosen einiger neuer Molgulidae aus der Sammlung des Berliner Museums nebst Bemerkungen über die Systematik und Nomenklatur dieser Familie. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1914: 1-27 [8].
Type species:
Molgula eugyriodes Traustedt, 1883 by original designation. - Euritteria Huntsman, A.G. 1922. The ascidian family Caesiridae. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 3 16: 211-234 [225].
Type species:
Caesira cooperi Huntsman, 1922 by original designation.
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
- Hartmeyer, R. 1914. Diagnosen einiger neuer Molgulidae aus der Sammlung des Berliner Museums nebst Bemerkungen über die Systematik und Nomenklatur dieser Familie. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1914: 1-27 [5]
- Huntsman, A.G. 1922. The ascidian family Caesiridae. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 3 16: 211-234 [216]
- Kott, P. 1969. Antarctic Ascidiacea. A monographic account of the known species based on specimens collected under U.S. Government auspices 1947 to 1963. Antarctic Research Series 13: i-xv 1-239 [156]
Distribution
States
New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Worldwide.
IMCRA
Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Norfolk Island Province (21), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Province (6)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Antarctic Region
Australian Region
- Australia
- New South Wales: Central E coast, Lower E coast
- Norfolk Island
- Northern Territory
- Queensland: Central E coast, NE coast, SE oceanic
- South Australia: Great Australian Bight, S Gulfs coast
- Tasmania
- Victoria: Bass Strait
- Western Australia: Lower W coast, SW coast
- New Caledonia
- New Zealand
Nearctic Region
- United States of America
- California
Oriental Region
- Hong Kong
- Singapore
Palaearctic Region
- Japan
Distribution References
- Berrill, N.J. 1950. The Tunicata. Ray Society Publications 133: 1-354
- Hartmeyer, R. 1923. Ascidiacea, part I. Zugleich eine Übersicht über die Arktische und boreale Ascidienfauna auf tiergeographischer Grundlage. Ingolf-Exped 2(6): 1-365
- Huntsman, A.G. 1922. The ascidian family Caesiridae. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 3 16: 211-234
- Kott, P. 1969. Antarctic Ascidiacea. A monographic account of the known species based on specimens collected under U.S. Government auspices 1947 to 1963. Antarctic Research Series 13: i-xv 1-239
- Kott, P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 23: 1-440
- Millar, R.H. 1962. Further descriptions of South African ascidians. Annals of the South African Museum 56(7): 113-221
- Millar, R.H. 1982. The marine fauna of New Zealand. Memoirs of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute 85: 1-117
- Van Name, W.G. 1945. The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 84: 1-476
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14-Dec-2012 | 14-Dec-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 12-Feb-2010 | (import) |
Species Molgula calvata Sluiter, 1904
- Molgula calvata Sluiter, C.P. 1904. Die Tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition. Pt. I, Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. Siboga-Expéditie Report 56A: 1-126 [116].
Type data:
Holotype ZMA TU690.1, reef, Saleyer Is., Indonesia. - Molgula reducta Hartmeyer, R. 1922. Miscellanea Ascidiologica. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 10: 299-323 [306].
Type data:
Syntype(s) ZMB 3829, Oyster Harbour, 0.75–5.5 m, Albany, WA. - Molgula medusa Kott, P. 1952. Ascidians of Australia. 1. Stolidobranchiata and Phlebobranchiata. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 3(3): 206-333 [297].
Type data:
Syntype(s) AM Y794, Y1900, Oyster Harbour, Albany, WA. - Molgula minuta Kott, P. 1952. Ascidians of Australia. 1. Stolidobranchiata and Phlebobranchiata. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 3(3): 206-333 [295].
Type data:
Syntype(s) AM Y793, reef undercuts, Triggs Is., WA.
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
- Kott, P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 23: 1-440 [369]
Distribution
States
Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
NE coast, central E coast, lower E coast, QLD, NSW.
IMCRA
Southwest Shelf Province (31)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Western Australia: SW coast
Ecological Descriptors
Benthic, marine, viviparous.
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14-Dec-2012 | 14-Dec-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 12-Feb-2010 | (import) |
Species Molgula diversa Kott, 1972
- Molgula diversa Kott, P. 1972. Some sublittoral ascidians in Moreton Bay and their seasonal occurrence. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 16(2): 233-260 [252].
Type data:
Holotype QM G6320, 0.5 mile S of Southwest Rocks, Moreton Bay, 7.7 m, QLD.
Paratype(s) QM G5992, G6321, G5989, G5991.
Distribution
States
Queensland
IMCRA
Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- Queensland: Central E coast, NE coast
Oriental Region
- Hong Kong
Ecological Descriptors
Benthic, marine.
Extra Ecological Information
Sand, shell grit and sandy mud substrates.
General References
Kott, P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 23: 1-440
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14-Dec-2012 | 14-Dec-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 12-Feb-2010 | (import) |
Species Molgula ellistoni Kott, 1972
- Molgula ellistoni Kott, P. 1972. The ascidians of South Australia II. Eastern Sector of the Great Australian Bight and Investigator Strait. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 96(4): 165-196 [190].
Type data:
Holotype SAMA E907, Elliston Bay, SA.
Distribution
States
South Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Known only from type locality.
IMCRA
Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- South Australia: Great Australian Bight
Ecological Descriptors
Benthic, marine, viviparous.
Extra Ecological Information
Development direct, in caves subjected to strong swell.
General References
Kott, P. 1985. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 23: 1-440
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14-Dec-2012 | 14-Dec-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 12-Feb-2010 | (import) |