• Limacinae Batsch, 1789.

History of changes

• Ambigolimax Pollonera, C. 1887. Intorno ad alcuni limacidi europei poco noti. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 2(21): 1-4.

  Type species:

   Limax valentianus A. Férussac, 1821 (= Ambigolimax valentianus (A. Férussac, 1821)) by subsequent designation, see Zilch, A. 1959. Gastropoda. Teil 2. Euthyneura. In, Schindewolf, O.H. (ed.). Handbuch der Paläozoologie. Berlin-Zehlendorf : Bornträger Vol. 6(2)(2) xii 834 pp. [267].

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR)

Other Regions

Lord Howe Island terrestrial & freshwater, Norfolk Island terrestrial & freshwater

History of changes

• Limax valentianus Férussac, A.E.J.P.J.F. d'A. de 1821. Tableaux Systematiques des Animaux Mollusques: suivis d'un prodrome général pour tous les mollusques terrestres ou fluviatiles vivantes ou fossiles. Paris : Bertrand xlvii 114 pp. [Jan. 1821].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown, Valencia, Spain.

Generic Combinations

• Ambigolimax valentianus (Férussac, 1821). —
  Hesse, P. 1926. Die Nacktschnecken der palaearktischen region [The slugs of the palaearctic region]. Abhandlungen des Archivs für Molluskenkunde 2(1): 1-152
• Agriolimax (Ambigolimax) valentianus (Férussac, 1821). —
  Pollonera, C. 1887. Intorno ad alcuni limacidi europei poco noti. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 2(21): 1-4 (changed combination as type species of the subgenus Agriolimax (Ambigolimax))

Distribution

States

Tasmania, Victoria

IBRA

Tas, Vic: Tasmanian South East (TSE), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Distribution References

General References

Stanisic, J., Potter, D. and Stanisic, L. 2022. A guide to land snails of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing pp. i-xii, 1-172. [83]

Stanisic, J., Shea, M., Potter, D. & Griffiths, O. 2017. Australian Land Snails. Volume 2. A field guide to southern, central and western species. Mauritius : Bioculture Press Vol. 2 pp. 580. [for nomenclature purposes, all taxa described in this volume must be dated 2018]

History of changes

• Ambigolimax waterstoni Hutchinson, J.M.C., Reise, H. and Schlitt, B. 2022. Will the real Limax nyctelius please step forward: Lehmannia, Ambigolimax, or Malacolimax? No, Letourneuxia!. Archiv für Molluskenkunde 151(1): 19-41 [38].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMSZ Z.2022.2.2.7, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK.
  Paratype(s) NMSZ Z.2022.2.1.1, Z.2022.2.2.1 3 spec., same as holotype; TMAG E28394 1 spec., Young’s Creek, Darling Range, Flinders Island, TAS [40.06542° S 148.07318° E]; TMAG E28395 1 spec., below Walker’s Lookout, Darling Range, Flinders Island, TAS [40.05819° S 148.06036° E]; TMAG E21914 1 spec., east of quarry, Quarry Road, Stony Head MTA, TAS [41.0412° S 146.9932° E]; TMAG E21899 1 spec., Straight Road, Stony Head MTA, TAS [41.0198° S 147.0537° E].

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Lehmannia nyctelia Bourguignat, 1861 [a misidentification]. —
  Altena, C.O. van R. & Smith, B.J. 1975. Notes on introduced slugs of the families Limacidae and Milacidae in Australia, with two new records. Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia 3: 63-80
  Smith, B.J. 1992. Non-Marine Mollusca. In, Houston, W.W.K. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Non-marine Mollusca. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 8 xii 408 pp. [253]
• Limax nyctelius Bourguignat, 1861 [a misidentification]. —
  Connolly, M. 1939. A monographic survey of the South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum 33: 1-660, pls 1-19
  Hutchinson, J.M.C., Reise, H. and Schlitt, B. 2022. Will the real Limax nyctelius please step forward: Lehmannia, Ambigolimax, or Malacolimax? No, Letourneuxia!. Archiv für Molluskenkunde 151(1): 19-41

Introduction

Widely treated as the species described by Bourguignat (1861) as Limax nyctelius or one of several combinations (e.g., Lehmannia nyctelia, Ambigolimax nyctelius) however Hutchinson et al. (2022) established that Limax nyctelius Bourguignat 1861 is actually a species of Arionidae (= Letourneuxia nyctelia (Bourguignat, 1861)). Records of the Limacidae species from Scotland, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa assigned to Limax nyctelius represent a different species, described by Waterston (1934) but not published, which Hutchinson et al. (2022) named Ambigolimax waterstoni. See Hutchinson et al. (2022) for more details.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Southeastern Australia including TAS, southwest WA, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island; possibly native to Algeria, introduced to Scotland (greenhouses), Australia, South Africa, New Zealand

Introduced from eastern and southern Europe..

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR)

Other Regions

Lord Howe Island terrestrial & freshwater, Norfolk Island terrestrial & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Crop, woodland.

Extra Ecological Information

Pasture, gardens and nurseries; living under dead matted grass, wood and rubbish.

General References

Bourguignat, J.R. 1861. Des Limaces Algeriénnes. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée. Paris 2 13: 299-307

Waterston, A.R. 1934. Some points of the anatomy, histology and affinities of a new British slug, (Genus Limax). Unpublished B.Sc. thesis, University of Edinburgh. [Copy held in the National Museum of Scotland.]

History of changes

• Limacus Lehmann, R. 1864. Neue Nachtschnecke aus Australien. Malakozoologische Blätter 11: 145-149 [145] [= Limax flavus Linnaeus, 1758].

  Type species:

   Limacus breckworthianus Lehmann, 1864 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

SE Australia. Native to Europe. Most temperate parts of the world

IBRA

ACT, NSW, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Ben Lomond (BEL), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR)

Other Regions

Norfolk Island terrestrial & freshwater

Distribution References

General References

Barker, G.M. 1999. Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Fauna of New Zealand, 38. Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press 253 pp. [21] (elevated to genus level)

History of changes

• Limax flavus Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10 Edn., 824 pp. [652].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown presumed lost, Sweden or England.
• Limax megalodontes Quoy, J.R.C. & Gaimard, J.P. 1824. in Freycinet, M.L. de (ed.) Voyage Autour du Monde,entrepris par ordre du Roi, sous le Ministère et conformement aux la instructions de S. Exc. M. le Viscomte du Bouchage, Secrétaire d'État au Department de la Marine, exécute sur les Corvettes de S.M. l' Uraine et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817–1820. Zoologie. Paris : Pillet Ainé. 671 pp. [426].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown presumed lost, Port Jackson, NSW.
• Limax olivaceus Gould, A.A. 1852. Mollusca and shells. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. 12: 1-510 [4].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown presumed lost, Parramatta, NSW.
• Limacus breckworthianus Lehmann, R. 1864. Neue Nachtschnecke aus Australien. Malakozoologische Blätter 11: 145-149 [145].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown presumed lost, Breechworth (as Breckworth), VIC.
• Limax bicolor Selenka, E. 1865. Zwei neue nacktschnecken aus Australien (Limax pectinatus und bicolor). Malakozoologische Blätter 12: 105-110 [105].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown presumed lost, Sydney, NSW.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Altena, C.O. van R. & Smith, B.J. 1975. Notes on introduced slugs of the families Limacidae and Milacidae in Australia, with two new records. Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia 3: 63-80 [77]
• Barker, G.M. 1999. Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Fauna of New Zealand, 38. Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press 253 pp. [81]

Generic Combinations

• Lehmannia (Limacus) flava (Linnaeus, 1758). —
  Smith, B.J. 1992. Non-Marine Mollusca. In, Houston, W.W.K. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Non-marine Mollusca. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 8 xii 408 pp. [253]
• Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758). —
  Bonham, K. 2013. A revised list of the exotic land molluscs of Tasmania. The Tasmanian Naturalist 135: 90-97 [94]

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Throughout SE Australia including TAS, southwest WA, and Norfolk Island. Native of Europe but now widely distributed. Introduced to many parts of the world, including Australia and New Zealand

Introduced from Europe.

IBRA

ACT, NSW, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Ben Lomond (BEL), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR)

Other Regions

Norfolk Island terrestrial & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Crop, omnivore, woodland.

Extra Ecological Information

Usually associated with dwellings and frequently enters houses; living under wood, pots and rubbish

General References

Altena, C.O. van R. & Smith, B.J. 1975. Notes on introduced slugs of the families Limacidae and Milacidae in Australia, with two new records. Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia 3: 63-80 (anatomy)

Barker, G.M. 1999. Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Fauna of New Zealand, 38. Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press 253 pp. [81-83]

Quick, H.E. 1960. British Slugs (Pulmonata : Testacellidae, Arionidae, Limacidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 6: 103-226 (anatomy, ecology)

History of changes

• Limax Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10 Edn., 824 pp. [652].

  Type species:

   Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

SE Australia. Native to Europe. Most temperate parts of the world

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR)

Other Regions

Lord Howe Island terrestrial & freshwater

Distribution References

History of changes

• Limax maximus Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10 Edn., 824 pp. [652].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown presumed lost, Sweden or England.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Throughout most of SE Australia including TAS, southwest WA, also Lord Howe Island. Native to Europe. Introduced to North America, South America, Australia and New Zealand

Introduced from Europe.

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR)

Other Regions

Lord Howe Island terrestrial & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Crop, omnivore.

Extra Ecological Information

Nurseries, gardens, agricultural land and pasture; living under wood, pots and rubbish

General References

Altena, C.O. van R. & Smith, B.J. 1975. Notes on introduced slugs of the families Limacidae and Milacidae in Australia, with two new records. Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia 3: 63-80 (anatomy, ecology)

Barker, G.M. 1999. Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Fauna of New Zealand, 38. Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press 253 pp. [84-86]

History of changes