• Jalmenus Hübner, J. 1818. Zuträge zur Sammlung exotischer Schmettlinge. Augsburg : Hübner 32 pp. 40 pls. [29].

  Type species:

   Jalmenus evagoras Hübner, 1818 by subsequent designation, see Scudder, S.H. 1875. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies. A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 91-293 [199] (= Papilio evagoras Donovan, 1805).
• Austromyrina Felder, C. & Felder, R. 1865. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Bd. 2. Abtheilung 2, Heft 2. Vienna : Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften 137-378 pls 22-47. [for publication date: Higgins (1963: 159), see Fletcher (1979)] [260] [junior objective synonym of Jalmenus Hübner, 1818].

  Type species:

   Papilio evagoras Donovan, 1805 by subsequent designation, see Hemming, F. 1960. Annotationes Lepidopterologicae. London : Hepburn & Sons Pts 1–2 pp. 1-72. [9].
• Protialmenus Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [129].

  Type species:

   Ialmenus ictinus Hewitson, 1865 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Waterhouse, G.A. 1932. What Butterfly is That? A Guide to the Butterflies of Australia. Illustrated by Neville Cayley. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 291 pp. 34 pls. [Date published 15/Dec/1932] [188] (reference to the synonymy of Protialmenus and Ialmenus)
• Hemming, F. 1960. Annotationes Lepidopterologicae. London : Hepburn & Sons Pts 1–2 pp. 1-72. [9]

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Central Ranges (CR), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gibson Desert (GD), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Plains (GUP), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Nullarbor (NUL), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Australian Capital Territory
  • New South Wales: Bulloo River basin, Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Northern Territory: Lake Eyre basin, W plateau
  • Queensland: Bulloo River basin, Lake Eyre basin, Murray-Darling basin, N Gulf, NE coastal
  • South Australia: Lake Eyre basin, Murray-Darling basin, S Gulfs, W plateau
  • Victoria: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Western Australia: NW coastal, SW coastal, W plateau

General References

Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [495]

Eliot, J.N. 1973. The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative arrangement. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 28(6): 371-505 [432]

Hemming, F. 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology Suppl. 9: 1-509 [237]

Waterhouse, G.A. 1903. Notes on Australian Rhopalocera: Lycaenidae. Part III—Revisional. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 28(1): 132-275, pls 1-3 [254]

Waterhouse, G.A. 1932. What Butterfly is That? A Guide to the Butterflies of Australia. Illustrated by Neville Cayley. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 291 pp. 34 pls. [Date published 15/Dec/1932] [188]

Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 23: 101-133 [also issued as a repaginated separate in 1938] [120]

Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [126]

History of changes

• Jalmenus aridus Graham, A.J. & Moulds, M.S. 1988. A new species of Jalmenus Hubner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Western Australia. General and Applied Entomology 20: 57-62 [57].

  Type data:

   Holotype ANIC ♂ (Graham & Moulds designated a holotype), Lake Douglas, 12 km SW of Kalgoorlie, WA (designated in original description).
  Paratype(s) ANIC 3♂ 1♀, Lake Douglas, 12 km SW of Kalgoorlie, WA; AJGC 12♂ 5♀, Lake Douglas, WA; SBC 4♂ 2♀, Lake Douglas, WA; DALC 2♂ 1♀, Lake Douglas, WA; RWH 1♂, Lake Douglas, WA; MSMC 3♂ 1♀, Lake Douglas, WA; HHB 1♂, Lake Douglas, WA; JDC 4♀, Lake Douglas, WA; CGM 2♂ 5♀, Lake Douglas, WA; AM 1♂, Lake Douglas, WA; WAM 1♂ 1♀, Lake Douglas, WA; BMNH 1♂ 1♀, Lake Douglas, WA.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known from two sites near Lake Douglas, 12 km SW of Kalgoorlie, WA.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

WA: Coolgardie (COO), Central Ranges (CR), Dampierland (DL), Gibson Desert (GD), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), Murchison (MUR), Nullarbor (NUL), Tanami (TAN)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Western Australia: W plateau

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Acacia tetragonophylla F.Muell. [FABACEAE] Dead Finish; Senna artemisioides nemophila Randell [CAESALPINIACEAE]).

General References

Pierce, N.E. & Nash, D.R. 1999. The Imperial Blue, Jalmenus evagoras (Lycaenidae). pp. 279-315 in Kitching, R.L., Scheermeyer, E., Jones, R.L. & Pierce, N.E. (eds). Biology of Australian Butterflies. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing xvi 395 pp. [280] (phylogeny)

History of changes

• Ialmenus clementi Druce, H.H. 1902. On some new and little-known butterflies of the family Lycaenidae from the African, Australian and Oriental Regions. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902(1): 112-121 pls 11, 12 [120 pl. 11 fig. 9].

  Type data:

   Lectotype OUM ♂, Touranna (Towranna) Plains, WA, between Yule River and Sherlock River (designated in original description)
  Comment: Druce in the original description stated that there were four specimens, although he mentioned 'types' in the Hope Museum Oxford; the types, presumably two, as 'three included the types' will be the original syntypes and the other specimens mentioned were excluded.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Recorded from 100 km E of Nanutarra, the Hamersley Range, Yule River, Port Headland, 22 km S of Exmouth, at Minilya and 80 km NNE of Carnarvon.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

WA: Carnarvon (CAR), Gascoyne (GAS), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Murchison (MUR), Pilbara (PIL), Yalgoo (YAL)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Western Australia: NW coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Acacia tetragonophylla F.Muell. [FABACEAE] Dead Finish; Acacia inaequilatera Domin [FABACEAE] Kanji; Acacia alexandri Maslin [FABACEAE]).

General References

Olive, J. 1978. Notes on the life history of Jalmenus clementi Druce (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Australian Entomological Magazine 4: 115 [115] (biology)

Peters, J.V. 1970. The specific validity of Jalmenus clementi Druce (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 9: 149-152 [149] (reinstated as good species, redescription and illustration)

Pierce, N.E. & Nash, D.R. 1999. The Imperial Blue, Jalmenus evagoras (Lycaenidae). pp. 279-315 in Kitching, R.L., Scheermeyer, E., Jones, R.L. & Pierce, N.E. (eds). Biology of Australian Butterflies. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing xvi 395 pp. [280] (phylogeny)

Waterhouse, G.A. 1903. Notes on Australian Rhopalocera: Lycaenidae. Part III—Revisional. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 28(1): 132-275, pls 1-3 [260] (considered doubtfully distinct from inous)

Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [129] (synonymised with icilius)

Williams, A.A.E. & Tomlinson, A.G. 1994. Further distributional records and natural history notes on butterflies from Western Australia. Victorian Entomologist 24: 122-124 [122] (biology)

History of changes